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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease traditionally believed to be driven primarily by the adaptive immune cells. However, a large infiltrate of innate cells can be seen in the inflamed ...

ABSTRACT The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria and the increasing understanding of the beneficial role of the bacterial microbiota, disrupted by antibiotics, prompt the development of new anti-bacterial ...

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a common tick-borne infectious disease in the Northern Hemisphere. The LB causing Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Borrelia) spirochetes enter the human host via the tick bite. From the initial ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) are characterized by disruption of the intestinal barrier and severe gut inflammation. A multitude of cell signaling pathways regulate the gut ...

Tumor immune evasion, a hallmark of cancer, allows malignant cells to escape immune surveillance and elimination. While immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, have ...

ABSTRACT Pregnant women with overweight and obesity may exhibit altered circulating lowgrade inflammatory and metabolic profile and gut and vaginal microbiota which may contribute to the development of gestational ...

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that leads to gradual destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. By the time of diagnosis, most of the beta cells have already been destroyed. There is a need to improve ...

B lymphocytes—major cell types mediating an adaptive immunity—recognize a vast variety of structures by B cell antigen receptors (BCR). Activated B cells can form germinal centers, undergo antigen-induced affinity maturation ...

To study the pathogenesis and prevention of diseases, population studies in which hundreds of measurements are done from the same persons have a crucial role. A biomarker is any measurable characteristic that gives information ...

Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of the disease is determined by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, resulting in an aberrant immune response that leads to the ...