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Dose-area product ratio in external small-beam radiotherapy: beam shape, size and energy dependencies in clinical photon beams

Niemelä Jarkko, Partanen Mari, Ojala Jarkko, Kapanen Mika, Keyriläinen Jani

In small-field radiotherapy (RT), a significant challenge is to define the amount of radiation dose absorbed in the patient where the quality of the beam has to be measured with high accuracy. The properties of a proposed ...

Strongly Bipolar Inner Ejecta of the Normal Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16at

Subhash Bose, Subo Dong, N. Elias-Rosa, B. J. Shappee , David Bersier , Stefano Benetti, M. D. Stritzinger , D. Grupe , C. S. Kochanek, J. L. Prieto, Ping Chen , H. Kuncarayakti, Seppo Mattila, Antonia Morales-Garoffolo, Nidia Morrell, F. Onori, Thomas M Reynolds, A. Siviero, Auni Somero, K. Z. Stanek, Giacomo Terreran, Todd A. Thompson, L. Tomasella, C. Ashall, Christa Gall , M. Gromadzki, T. W.-S. Holoien

We report distinctly double-peaked H alpha and H beta emission lines in the late-time, nebular-phase spectra (greater than or similar to 200 days) of the otherwise normal at early phases (less than or similar to 100 days) ...

Optimizing atomic structures through geno-mathematical programming

Lahti A., Östermark, Kokko K.

In this paper, we describe our initiative to utilize a modern well-tested numerical platform in the field of material physics: the Genetic Hybrid Algorithm (GHA). Our aim is to develop a ...

Very-high-energy gamma-rays from the Universe's middle age: detection of the z=0.940 blazar PKS 1441+25 with MAGIC

Ahnen M. L., Ansoldi S., Antonelli A., Antoranz P., Babic A., Banerjee B., Bangale P., Barres de Almeida U., Barrio J. A., Bednarek W., Bernardini E., Biassuzzi B., Biland A., Blanch O., Bonnefoy S., Bonnoli G., Borracci F., Bretz T., Carmona E., Carosi A., Chatterjee A., Clavero R., Colin P., Colombo E., Contreras J. L., Cortina J., Covino S., Colin P., Colombo E., Contreras J. L., Cortina J., Covino S., Da Vela P., Dazzi F., De Angelis A., De Lotto B., de Oña Wilhelmi E., Delgado Mendez C., Di Pierro F., Dominis Prester D., Dorner D., Doro M., Einecke S., Eisenacher Glawion D., Elsaesser D., Fernández-Barral A., Fidalgo D., Fonseca M. V., Font L., Frantzen K., Fruck C., Galindo D., García López R. J., Garczarczyk M., Garrido Terrats D., Gaug M., Giammaria P., Godinović N., González Muñoz A., Guberman D., Hahn A., Hanabata Y., Hayashida M., Herrera J., Hose J., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Idec W., Kodani K., Konno Y., Kubo H., Kushida J., La Barbera A., Lelas D., Lindfors E., Lombardi S., López M., López-Coto R., López-Oramas A., Lorenz E., Majumdar P., Makariev M., Mallot K., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Mannheim K., Maraschi L., Marcote B., Mariotti M., Martínez M., Mazin D., Menzel U., Miranda J. M., Mirzoyan R., Moralejo A., Moretti E., Nakajima D., Neustroev V., Niedzwiecki A., Nievas Rosillo M., Nilsson K., Nishijima K., Noda K., Orito R., Overkemping A., Paiano S., Palacio J., Palatiello M., Paneque D., Paoletti R., Paredes J. M., Paredes-Fortuny X., Persic M., Poutanen J., Prada Moroni P. G., Prandini E., Puljak I., Rhode W., Ribó M., Rico J., Rodriguez Garcia J., Saito T., Satalecka K., Schultz C., Schweizer T., Shore S. N., Sillanpää A., Sitarek J., Snidaric I., Sobczynska D., Stamerra A., Steinbring T., Strzys M., Takalo L., Takami H., Tavecchio F., Temnikov P., Terzić T., Tescaro D., Teshima M., Thaele J., Torres D. F., Toyama T., Treves A., Verguilov V., Vovk I., Ward J. E., Will M., Wu M. H., Zanin R., Ajello M., Baldini L., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D., Becerra González J., Bellazzini R., Bissaldi E., Blandford R. D., Bonino R., Bregeon J., Bruel P., Buson S., Caliandro G. A., Cameron R. A., Caragiulo M., Caraveo P. A., Cavazzuti E., Chiang J., Chiaro G., Ciprini S., D'Ammando F., de Palma F., Desiante R., Di Venere L., Domínguez A., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Grenier I. A., Guiriec S., Hays E., Hewitt J. W., Jogler T., Kuss M., Larsson S., Li J., Li L., Longo F., Loparco F., Lovellette M. N., Lubrano P., Maldera S., Mayer M., Mazziotta M. N., McEnery J. E., Mirabal N., Mizuno T., Monzani M. E., Morselli A., Moskalenko I. V., Nuss E., Ojha R., Ohsugi T., Omodei N., Orlando E., Perkins J. S., Pesce-Rollins M., Piron F., Pivato G., Porter T. A., Rainò S., Rando R., Razzano M., Reimer A., Reimer O., Sgrò C., Siskind E. J., Spada F., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Tajima H., Takahashi H., Thayer J. B., Thompson D. J., Troja E., Wood K. S., Balokovic M., Berdyugin A., Carraminana A., Carrasco L., Chavushyan V., Fallah Ramazani V., Feige M., Haarto S., Haeusner P., Hovatta T., Kania J., Klamt J., Lähteenmäki A., Leon-Tavares J., Lorey C., Pacciani L., Porras A., Recillas E., Reinthal R., Tornikoski M., Wolfert D., Zottmann N.

The flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1441+25 at a redshift of z = 0.940 is detected between 40 and 250 GeV with a significance of 25.5 {sigma} using the MAGIC telescopes. Together with the gravitationally lensed blazar ...

Rajaukset

Dose-area product ratio in external small-beam radiotherapy: beam shape, size and energy dependencies in clinical photon beams

Strongly Bipolar Inner Ejecta of the Normal Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16at

Optimizing atomic structures through geno-mathematical programming

Very-high-energy gamma-rays from the Universe's middle age: detection of the z=0.940 blazar PKS 1441+25 with MAGIC