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Effects of operational assessment of the 4:4 and 4:4/6:6 watch systems on sleepiness, fatigue, and stress responses during patrolling on a navy missile patrol boat
The operation of naval vessels involves watchkeeping 24 h per day, which is globally carried out by a variety of different watch systems. In this study, the rotating 4:4 and fixed 4:4/6:6 two-section watch systems were ...
Clinical correlates of rhinovirus infection in preschool asthma
Background Investigation of preschool asthma is important since not all children outgrow their illness during this age. Data are scarce on the role of rhinovirus (RV) infections in this patient group. Objectives To investigate ...
Somatostatin Receptors and Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in Lymphomas: A Histopathological Review of Six Lymphoma Subtypes
<p>Background <br></p><p>Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) and chemokine receptor CXCR4 are expressed in lymphomas, while the abundance is known to be heterogeneous in different subtypes of lymphomas. Targeting tumor cells ...
Group A streptococcal bacteremias in Southwest Finland 2007–2018: epidemiology and role of infectious diseases consultation in antibiotic treatment selection
The incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections has shown a fluctuating but increasing trend in Finland. The impact of infectious diseases specialist consultation (IDSC) on the antimicrobial therapy of GAS ...
Efficacy of inhaled salbutamol with and without prednisolone for first acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing episode
<h3>Background</h3><p>Acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing is common in young children and may respond to systemic corticosteroid. There are no trials on the efficacy of inhaled beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist in this clinical scenario.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study post hoc the short-term (up to 2 months) efficacy of inhaled beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist with and without oral corticosteroid in the first acute rhinovirus-induced severe wheezing episode in young hospitalized children.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study population came from two randomized controlled trials comparing oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d for 3 days) to placebo: Vinku (n = 35, NCT00494624) used high-dose regular nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg 2–4 h intervals) and Vinku2 (n = 60, NCT00731575, EudraCT 2006-007100-42) used inhaled salbutamol on-demand. Both studies used identical detailed follow-up assessments. The primary outcome of the former was the duration of hospitalization and of the latter the occurrence of and the time to a new physician-confirmed wheezing episode within 2 months after discharge. Treatment groups included salbutamol high-dose vs. salbutamol on-demand while adjusting for prednisolone status and acknowledging for interactions with exception of the duration of hospitalization in which prednisolone groups could not be fully used due to protocol differences.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Median age of subjects was 13 months, 32% were sensitized and 22% had doctor-diagnosed eczema. In the duration of hospitalization, salbutamol high-dose/placebo versus salbutamol on-demand/placebo groups did not differ (p = .12). In the occurrence of and time to relapse within 2 months, a significant group × treatment interaction was observed (both p = .02), such that high-dose group had less and longer time to relapses than on-demand group in prednisolone arm (both p < .05), but no difference was detected in placebo arm (both p > .26).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In young, hospitalized children with first episode of rhinovirus-induced wheezing, high-dose inhaled salbutamol may interact with oral prednisolone. However, further trials are warranted.</p>...
Impact of combined consumption of fish oil and probiotics on the serum metabolome in pregnant women with overweight or obesity
<p><strong>Background: </strong>If a pregnant woman is overweight, this can evoke metabolic alterations that may have health consequences for both mother and child.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women with ...
Iodine status in pregnant women and infants in Finland
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Iodine insufficiency during pregnancy may adversely influence fetal growth and development. There is a lack of information on iodine status in pregnant women and infants in many countries ...
Foundations of human consciousness: Imaging the twilight zone
<p>What happens in the brain when conscious awareness of the surrounding world fades? We manipulated consciousness in two experiments in a group of healthy males and measured brain activity with positron emission tomography. ...
Acute kidney injury in group A streptococcal bacteraemia: incidence, outcome and predictive value of C-reactive protein
<p><strong>Background: </strong>A ubiquitous human pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) causes infections from mild pharyngitis to severe septic infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition of prompt decline of renal function. The aim of the present study was to report the incidence and outcome of AKI in GAS bacteraemia and to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum C-reactive protein as an indicator of AKI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All adult patients with GAS bacteraemia treated at Turku University Hospital from 2007 to 2018 were identified and their patient records were scrutinised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 195 included patients, 38 (19.5%) had AKI stage 1, 20 (10.3%) AKI stage 2 and 26 (13.3%) AKI stage 3 and 111 (56.9%) did not have AKI. The adjusted seven-day mortality was significantly higher in AKI stages 2 and 3 compared to the non-AKI group (15% and 19% vs. 3.6%; p = .046 and .006, respectively). Of the survivors, 95.8% met the criteria of renal recovery at discharge. The higher the AKI stage, the higher was the mean serum CRP level on admission. The optimal cut-off for CRP to identify patients with AKI stage 2 or 3 was ≥244 mg/l (sensitivity 82.6% and specificity 75.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AKI is common in patients with GAS bacteraemia and the severity of AKI correlates with the CRP level on admission. The mortality of patients with GAS bacteraemia and AKI is significantly higher than of patients without AKI. Most survivors, however, show renal recovery.Key MessageAKI is common in group A Streptococcal bacteraemia and increases mortality compared to bacteraemia alone. However, renal recovery is also common. A high CRP level on admission correlates significantly positively with the degree of severity of AKI.</p>...
Medical and midwifery students need increased sexual medicine education to overcome barriers hindering bringing up sexual health issues - A national study of final-year medical and midwifery students in Finland
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Physicians and midwives meet patients with sexual health issues regularly; however, they may have limited sexual medicine education. The study's aim was to evaluate the self-reported competence ...