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A systematic comparison of FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF-mediated transcriptional regulation during early human Th17 differentiation
Th17 cells are essential for protection against extracellular pathogens, but their aberrant activity can cause autoimmunity. Molecular mechanisms that dictate Th17 cell-differentiation have been extensively studied using ...
Roles of vimentin in health and disease
In this review, Ridge et al. discuss the essential functions of vimentin IFs revealed from studies of Vim(-/-) mice and cells derived from them.More than 27 yr ago, the vimentin knockout (Vim(-/-)) mouse was reported to ...
High intratumoral dihydrotestosterone is associated with antiandrogen resistance in VCaP prostate cancer xenografts in castrated mice
<p>Antiandrogen treatment resistance is a major clinical concern in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. Using xenografts of VCaP cells we showed that growth of antiandrogen resistant CRPC tumors were ...
Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Techniques in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurotrauma: Towards Personalized Markers
The proteome represents all the proteins expressed by a genome, a cell, a tissue, or an organism at any given time under defined physiological or pathological circumstances. Proteomic analysis has provided unparalleled ...
Impact of Extensively Hydrolyzed Infant Formula on Circulating Lipids During Early Life
<p><b>Background:</b> Current evidence suggests that the composition of infant formula (IF) affects the gut microbiome, intestinal function, and immune responses during infancy. However, the impact of IF on circulating ...
Differential ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq peak detection using ROTS
<p> Changes in cellular chromatin states fine-tune transcriptional output and ultimately lead to phenotypic changes. Here we propose a novel application of our reproducibility-optimized test statistics (ROTS) to detect ...
Compressive stress-mediated p38 activation required for ERα + phenotype in breast cancer
<p>Breast cancer is now globally the most frequent cancer and leading cause of women's death. Two thirds of breast cancers express the luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ER alpha + ) phenotype that is initially responsive ...
Pancreas Whole Tissue Transcriptomics Highlights the Role of the Exocrine Pancreas in Patients With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
<p>Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is primarily a disease of the pancreatic beta-cells, understanding of the disease-associated alterations in the whole pancreas could be important for the improved treatment or the prevention ...
Statistical and machine learning methods to study human CD4+ T cell proteome profiles
Mass spectrometry proteomics has become an important part of modern immunology, making major contributions to understanding protein expression levels, subcellular localizations, posttranslational modifications, and ...
Quantitative genome-scale metabolic modeling of human CD4+ T cell differentiation reveals subset-specific regulation of glycosphingolipid pathways
<p>T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation involve metabolic reprogramming resulting from the interplay of genes, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/proteome" title="Learn more about proteins from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">proteins</a>, and metabolites. Here, we aim to understand the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/metabolic-pathways" title="Learn more about metabolic pathways from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">metabolic pathways</a> involved in the activation and functional differentiation of human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets (T helper [Th]1, Th2, Th17, and induced regulatory T [iTreg] cells). Here, we combine genome-scale metabolic modeling, gene expression data, and targeted and non-targeted <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/lipidomics" title="Learn more about lipidomics from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">lipidomics</a> experiments, together with in vitro <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/gene-knockdown" title="Learn more about gene knockdown from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">gene knockdown</a> experiments, and show that human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells undergo specific metabolic changes during activation and functional differentiation. In addition, we confirm the importance of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/ceramide" title="Learn more about ceramide from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">ceramide</a> and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/glycosphingolipid" title="Learn more about glycosphingolipid from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">glycosphingolipid</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/anabolism" title="Learn more about biosynthesis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">biosynthesis</a> pathways in Th17 differentiation and effector functions. Through in vitro gene knockdown experiments, we substantiate the requirement of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/serine-palmitoyltransferase" title="Learn more about serine palmitoyltransferase from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">serine palmitoyltransferase</a> (SPT), a de novo <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/sphingolipid" title="Learn more about sphingolipid from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">sphingolipid</a> pathway in the expression of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/proinflammatory-cytokine" title="Learn more about proinflammatory cytokines from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">proinflammatory cytokines</a> (interleukin [IL]-17A and IL17F) by <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/th17-cell" title="Learn more about Th17 cells from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Th17 cells</a>. Our findings provide a comprehensive resource for selective manipulation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells under disease conditions characterized by an imbalance of Th17/natural Treg (nTreg) cells.</p>...