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Aineistot 1-9 / 9
Predicting Skeletal Muscle and Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity Using NMR-Metabolomic Profiling
Purpose: Abnormal lipoprotein and amino acid profiles are associated with insulin resistance and may help to identify this condition. The aim of this study was to create models estimating skeletal muscle and whole-body ...
Serum Proteomic Profiling to Identify Biomarkers of Premature Carotid Atherosclerosis
<p>To evaluate the presence of serum protein biomarkers associated with the early phases of formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, label-free quantitative proteomics analyses were made for serum samples collected ...
An Infancy-Onset 20-Year Dietary Counselling Intervention and Gut Microbiota Composition in Adulthood
The randomized controlled Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) has completed a 20-year infancy-onset dietary counselling intervention to reduce exposure to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ...
Obesity risk is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism and decreased μ-opioid and CB1 receptor availability
<h3>Background</h3><p>Obesity is a pressing public health concern worldwide. Novel pharmacological means are urgently needed to combat the increase of obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although fully established obesity is associated with neuromolecular alterations and insulin resistance in the brain, potential obesity-promoting mechanisms in the central nervous system have remained elusive. In this triple-tracer positron emission tomography study, we investigated whether brain insulin signaling, μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptors (CB<sub>1</sub>Rs) are associated with risk for developing obesity.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Subjects were 41 young non-obese males with variable obesity risk profiles. Obesity risk was assessed by subjects’ physical exercise habits, body mass index and familial risk factors, including parental obesity and T2D. Brain glucose uptake was quantified with [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, MORs were quantified with [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil and CB<sub>1</sub>Rs with [<sup>18</sup>F]FMPEP-d<sub>2</sub>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Subjects with higher obesity risk had globally increased insulin-stimulated brain glucose uptake (19 high-risk subjects versus 19 low-risk subjects), and familial obesity risk factors were associated with increased brain glucose uptake (38 subjects) but decreased availability of MORs (41 subjects) and CB<sub>1</sub>Rs (36 subjects).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest that the hereditary mechanisms promoting obesity may be partly mediated via insulin, opioid and endocannabinoid messaging systems in the brain.</p>...
Gut Microbiota Richness and Composition and Dietary Intake of Overweight Pregnant Women Are Related to Serum Zonulin Concentration, a Marker for Intestinal Permeability
Background: Increased intestinal permeability may precede adverse metabolic conditions. The extent to which the composition of the gut microbiota and diet contribute to intestinal permeability during pregnancy is ...
Secretin activates brown fat and induces satiation
<p>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is activated by feeding. Recently, we revealed a secretin-mediated gut–BAT–brain axis, which stimulates satiation in mice, but the purpose of meal-induced BAT activation in humans ...
Systemic Blockade of Clever-1 Elicits Lymphocyte Activation Alongside Checkpoint Molecule Downregulation in Patients with Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase I/II Clinical Trial
<p>Purpose:<br>Macrophages are critical in driving an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that counteracts the efficacy of T-cell–targeting therapies. Thus, agents able to reprogram macrophages toward a proinflammatory ...
Arpp19 Promotes Myc and Cip2a Expression and Associates with Patient Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Disease relapse from standard chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly understood. The importance of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as an AML tumor suppressor is emerging. Therefore, here, we examined the ...