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Acquisition of Finnish derivational morphology: school-age children and young adults
<p>The
current study examined how morpho-semantic processing of derivational
morphology develops from later childhood through adolescence to adulthood in
Finnish. Finnish is a synthetic language rich both in derivation ...
Behavioral regulatory problems are associated with a lower attentional bias to fearful faces during infancy
<p>To investigate the role of early regulatory problems (RP), such as
problems in feeding, sleeping, and calming down during later
development, the association between parent‐reported RP at 3 months
(no‐RP, <i>n</i> = 110; ...
The effect of syllable-level hyphenation on reading comprehension: Evidence from eye movements
<p>Syllabification by hyphens (e.g., hy-phen-a-tion) is a standard procedure in early Finnish reading instruction. However, recent findings indicate that hyphenation slows down children’s reading already during the first ...
The hyphen as a syllabification cue in reading bisyllabic and multisyllabic words among Finnish 1st and 2nd graders
<p>
Finnish ABC books present words with hyphens inserted at syllable<br />
boundaries. Syllabification by hyphens is abandoned in the 2nd grade for bisyllabic<br />
words, but continues for words with three or more ...
Infant fecal microbiota composition and attention to emotional faces
The gut microbiota has been suggested to influence neurodevelopment in
rodents. Preliminary human studies have associated fecal microbiota
composition with features of emotional and cognitive development as well
as differences in thalamus-amygdala connectivity. Currently,
microbiota-gut-brain axis studies cover heterogenous set of infant and
child brain developmental phenotypes, while microbiota associations with
more fine-grained aspects of brain development remain largely unknown.
Here (N = 122, 53% boys), we investigated the associations
between infant fecal microbiota composition and infant attention to
emotional faces, as bias for faces is strong in infancy and deviations
in early processing of emotional facial expressions may influence the
trajectories of social-emotional development. The fecal microbiota
composition was assessed at 2.5 months of age and analyzed with 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. Attention to emotional faces was assessed with an
age-appropriate face-distractor paradigm, using neutral, happy, fearful,
and scrambled faces and salient distractors, at 8 months of age. We
observed an association between a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and a higher abundance of Clostridium
with an increased “fear bias,” that is, attention toward fearful versus
happy/neutral faces. This data suggests an association between early
microbiota and later fear bias, a well-established infant phenotype of
emotionally directed attention. However, the clinical significance or
causality of our findings remains to be assessed....
The Stability of Early Developing Attentional Bias for Faces and Fear From 8 to 30 and 60 Months in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Most infants exhibit an attentional bias for faces and fearful facial expressions. These biases reduce toward the third year of life, but little is known about the development of the biases beyond early childhood. We used ...
The role of TPH2 variant rs4570625 in shaping infant attention to social signals
<p>TPH2, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, has been connected to several psychiatric outcomes. Its allelic variant, rs4570625, has been found to relate to individual differences in cognitive and emotion ...
Newborn left amygdala volume associates with attention disengagement from fearful faces at eight months
<p>After 5 months of age, infants begin to prioritize attention to fearful over other facial expressions. One key proposition is that amygdala and related early-maturing subcortical network, is important for emergence of this attentional bias – however, empirical data to support these assertions are lacking. In this prospective longitudinal study, we measured amygdala volumes from MR images in 65 healthy neonates at 2–5 weeks of gestation corrected age and attention disengagement from fearful vs. non-fearful facial expressions at 8 months with eye tracking. Overall, infants were less likely to disengage from fearful than happy/neutral faces, demonstrating an age-typical bias for fear. Left, but not right, amygdala volume (corrected for intracranial volume) was positively associated with the likelihood of disengaging attention from fearful faces to a salient lateral distractor (r = .302, p = .014). No association was observed with the disengagement from neutral or happy faces in equivalent conditions (r = .166 and .125, p = .186 and .320, respectively). These results are the first to link the amygdala volume with the emerging perceptual vigilance for fearful faces during infancy. They suggest a link from the prenatally defined variability in the amygdala size to early postnatal emotional and social traits.<br /></p>...
Individual differences in pupil dilation to others' emotional and neutral eyes with varying pupil sizes
Sensitivity to others' emotional signals is an important factor for social interaction. While many studies of emotional reactivity focus on facial emotional expressions, signals such as pupil dilation which can indicate ...
Eye Movements during dynamic scene viewing are affected by visual attention skills and events of the scene: Evidence from first-person shooter gameplay videos
<p> The role of individual differences during dynamic scene viewing was explored. Participants (N=38) watched a gameplay video of a first-person shooter (FPS) videogame while their eye movements were recorded. In addition, ...