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Brain volumes in relation to loneliness and social competence in preadolescents born very preterm
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<h3> Introduction</h3>
<p>The aim of the present study was to assess how
regional brain volumes associate ...
Seasonal variation in the brain μ-opioid receptor availability
<p>Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no ...
Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/positron-emission-tomography" title="Learn more about Positron emission tomography from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Positron emission tomography</a> (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/neuroreceptor" title="Learn more about neuroreceptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">neuroreceptors</a> and transporters using <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioligand" title="Learn more about radioligands from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radioligands</a>, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/brain-scintiscanning" title="Learn more about brain scans from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">brain scans</a> retrospectively from 328 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with neuroreceptor and transporter availabilities. µ-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dopamine-receptor-d2" title="Learn more about dopamine D2 receptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">dopamine D2 receptors</a> with [11C]raclopride (92 scans) and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/serotonin-transporter" title="Learn more about serotonin transporters from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">serotonin transporters</a> (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (74 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioactive-tracer" title="Learn more about radiotracers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radiotracers</a> was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects’ age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should also analyze interactive effects of grey matter density and PET outcome measures....
Brain free fatty acid uptake is elevated in morbid obesity, and is irreversible 6 months after bariatric surgery: A positron emission tomography study
<h3>Aim</h3><p>To investigate whether there are differences in brain fatty acid uptake (BFAU) between morbidly obese and lean subjects, and the effect of weight loss following bariatric surgery.</p><h3>Materials and ...
Dissociable Roles of Cerebral mu-Opioid and Type 2 Dopamine Receptors in Vicarious Pain: A Combined PET-fMRI Study
Neuroimaging studies have shown that seeing others in pain activates brain regions that are involved in first-hand pain, suggesting that shared neuromolecular pathways support processing of first-hand and vicarious pain. ...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during Visual Perception Tasks in Adolescents Born Prematurely
<div><div><div>Objectives:<p>Impairments
in visual perception are among the most common developmental
difficulties related to being born prematurely, and they are often
accompanied by problems in other developmental ...
Opioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects
Central opioidergic mechanisms may modulate the positive effects of physical exercise such as mood elevation and stress reduction. How exercise intensity and concomitant effective changes affect central opioidergic responses ...
Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in humans: a positron emission tomography study
<p>Introduction: The highly selective alpha(2)-agonist dexmedetomidine has become a popular sedative for neurointensive care patients. However, earlier studies have raised concern that dexmedetomidine might reduce cerebral ...
Dreaming and awareness during dexmedetomidine- and propofol-induced unresponsiveness
<p>Background: Experiences during anaesthetic-induced unresponsiveness have previously been investigated by interviews after recovery. To explore whether experiences occur during drug administration, we interviewed ...