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Brain volumes in relation to loneliness and social competence in preadolescents born very preterm
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<h3> Introduction</h3>
<p>The aim of the present study was to assess how
regional brain volumes associate ...
Seasonal variation in the brain μ-opioid receptor availability
<p>Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no ...
Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge ...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during Visual Perception Tasks in Adolescents Born Prematurely
<div><div><div>Objectives:<p>Impairments
in visual perception are among the most common developmental
difficulties related to being born prematurely, and they are often
accompanied by problems in other developmental ...
Newborn white matter microstructure moderates the association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant negative reactivity
<p>Maternal postpartum depression is a prominent risk factor for aberrant child socioemotional development, but there is little understanding about the neural phenotypes that underlie infant sensitivity to maternal depression. ...
Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in humans: a positron emission tomography study
<p>Introduction: The highly selective alpha(2)-agonist dexmedetomidine has become a popular sedative for neurointensive care patients. However, earlier studies have raised concern that dexmedetomidine might reduce cerebral ...
Toddlers’ diurnal cortisol levels affected by out-of-home, center-based childcare and at-home, guardian-supervised childcare: comparison between different caregiving contexts
<p>Previous research suggests that attending non-parental out-of-home
childcare is associated with elevated cortisol levels for some children.
We aimed to compare diurnal saliva cortisol levels between children
having out-of-home, center-based childcare or those having at-home,
guardian-supervised childcare in Finland. A total of 213 children, aged
2.1 years (SD = 0.6), were drawn from the ongoing Finnish birth cohort
study. Saliva samples were collected over 2 consecutive days (Sunday and
Monday), with four samples drawn during each day: 30 min after waking
up in the morning, at 10 am, between 2 and 3 pm, and in the evening
before sleep. These results suggest that the shapes of the diurnal
cortisol profiles were similar in both childcare groups following a
typical circadian rhythm. However, the overall cortisol levels were on
average 30% higher (95% CI: [9%, 54%], p = .004)
with the at-home childcare in comparison with the out-of-home childcare
group. Furthermore, a slight increase in the diurnal cortisol pattern
was noticed in both groups and in both measurement days during the
afternoon. This increase was 27% higher ([2%, 57%], p = .031)
in the out-of-home childcare group during the out-of-home childcare day
in comparison with the at-home childcare day. The elevated afternoon
cortisol levels were partly explained by the afternoon naps, but there
were probably other factors as well producing the cortisol rise during
the afternoon hours. Further research is needed to define how a child’s
individual characteristic as well as their environmental factors
associate with cortisol secretion patterns in different caregiving
contexts.<br /></p>...
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight
Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between ...
Neonatal Amygdala Volumes and the Development of Self-Regulation from Early Infancy to Toddlerhood
<p><i>Objective:</i> At the broadest level, self-regulation refers to a
range of separate, but inter-related, processes (e.g., working memory,
inhibition, emotion regulation) central for the regulation of cognition,
emotion ...
Genome-wide association study of circulating interleukin 6 levels identifies novel loci
<p>Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties with a heritability estimate of up to 61%. The circulating levels of IL-6 in blood have been associated with an increased risk of complex disease pathogenesis. We conducted a two-staged, discovery and replication meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating serum IL-6 levels comprising up to 67428 (n<sub>discovery</sub>=52654 and n<sub>replication</sub>=14774) individuals of European ancestry. The inverse variance fixed effects based discovery meta-analysis, followed by replication led to the identification of two independent loci, IL1F10/IL1RN rs6734238 on chromosome (Chr) 2q14, (P<sub>combined</sub>=1.8x10<sup>-11</sup>), HLA-DRB1/DRB5 rs660895 on Chr6p21 (P<sub>combined</sub>=1.5x10<sup>-10</sup>) in the combined meta-analyses of all samples. We also replicated the IL6R rs4537545 locus on Chr1q21 (P<sub>combined</sub>=1.2x10<sup>-122</sup>). Our study identifies novel loci for circulating IL-6 levels uncovering new immunological and inflammatory pathways that may influence IL-6 pathobiology.</p>...