Hae

<p>Working animals spend hours each day in close contact with humans and require training to understand commands and fulfil specific tasks. However, factors driving cooperation between humans and animals are still unclear, ...

<p>Child obesity risk, child eating behavior and parental feeding practices show a graded association with individual level socioeconomic status. However, their associations with neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage are ...

<p>Grandmothers play a crucial role in families enhancing grandchild wellbeing and survival but their effects can be context-dependent, and the children born in poor conditions are most likely to benefit from the investments made by helping grandmothers. In this study, we examined, for the first time, whether grandmothers' presence modified associations between adverse birth status and survival up to 5 years of age. In detail, we verified, whether (i) firstborns, (ii) twins, (iii) children born within 24 months after their sibling, and (iv) children followed by short interval (i.e. their younger sibling was born within 24 months) survived better when either their maternal, paternal, or both grandmothers were present. Moreover, we evaluated whether illegitimate children survived better when the maternal grandmother was present. We used an extensive and largely pre-industrial demographic dataset collected from parish population registers kept by the Lutheran Church of Finland from years 1730–1895. We show that although grandmother presence cannot mitigate adverse effects of many poorer birth conditions, grandchildren whose next sibling was born after a short interval survived better when the maternal grandmother was present. Taken together, these findings highlight an important role of grandmothers in compensating the mother's investment in the new baby, thus enabling overall faster successful reproductive rate of mothers. Whilst the opportunity for grandmothers to mitigate the risks of adverse birth statuses is limited, this study does show - through the beneficial effect on survival for those with a short subsequent birth interval - that grandmothers can increase their daughters' and their own reproductive success.</p>...

Human activities interfere with wild animals and lead to the loss of many animal populations. Therefore, efforts have been made to understand how wildlife can rebound from anthropogenic disturbances. An essential mechanism ...

<p>Mental health is determined by social, biological, and cultural factors and is sensitive to life transitions. We examine how psychosocial working conditions, social living environment, and cumulative risk factors are ...

<p><br></p><p>Background</p><p>Many environmental factors are known to hinder breastfeeding, yet the role of the family living environment in this regard is still poorly understood.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>Therefore, we ...

Although senescence is often observed in the wild, its underlying mechanistic causes can rarely be studied alongside its consequences, because data on health, molecular and physiological measures of senescence are rare. ...

<p>Ruokatottumukset siirtyvät sukupolvelta toiselle. Lasten syntymä saattaa olla otollinen kohta vanhemmille muuttaa omaa ruokakäyttäytymistään parempaan suuntaan. Alueelliset erot voivat kuitenkin rajoittaa lapsiperheiden ...

<p><br></p><p>Although social behaviour is common in group-living mammals, our understanding of its mechanisms in long-lived animals is largely based on studies in human and non-human primates. There are health and fitness ...

<p>Parental self-efficacy (PSE), a measure of the subjective competence in the parental role, has been linked with child well-being and health. Research on the influence of PSE on child eating habits is scarce, and the few ...