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Metformin and insulin treatment of gestational diabetes: effects on inflammatory markers and IGF-binding protein-1-secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by disturbed glucose metabolism and activation of low-grade inflammation. We studied whether metformin treatment has favorable or unfavorable effects on ...
Exploratory Analysis of CA125-MGL and –STn Glycoforms in the Differential Diagnostics of Pelvic Masses
<div><div>Background</div><div><br></div><p>The cancer antigen 125 (CA125) immunoassay (IA) does not distinguish epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) from benign disease with the sensitivity needed in clinical practice. In recent studies, glycoforms of CA125 have shown potential as biomarkers in EOC. Here, we assessed the diagnostic abilities of two recently developed CA125 glycoform assays for patients with a pelvic mass. Detailed analysis was further conducted for postmenopausal patients with marginally elevated conventionally measured CA125 levels, as this subgroup presents a diagnostic challenge in the clinical setting.</p></div><div><br></div><div><div>Methods</div><p>Our study population contained 549 patients diagnosed with EOC, benign ovarian tumors, and endometriosis. Of these, 288 patients were postmenopausal, and 98 of them presented with marginally elevated serum levels of conventionally measured CA125 at diagnosis. Preoperative serum levels of conventionally measured CA125 and its glycoforms (CA125-MGL and CA125-STn) were determined.</p></div><div><br></div><div><div>Results</div><p>The CA125-STn assay identified EOC significantly better than the conventional CA125-IA in postmenopausal patients (85% vs. 74% sensitivity at a fixed specificity of 90%, P = 0.0009). Further, both glycoform assays had superior AUCs compared to the conventional CA125-IA in postmenopausal patients with marginally elevated CA125. Importantly, the glycoform assays reduced the false positive rate of the conventional CA125-IA.</p></div><div><br></div><div><div>Conclusions</div><p>The results indicate that the CA125 glycoform assays markedly improve the performance of the conventional CA125-IA in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses. This result is especially valuable when CA125 is marginally elevated.</p></div>...
Serum lipids and their association with birth weight in metformin and insulin treated patients with gestational diabetes
<p>Aims<br />To compare the effects of metformin and insulin treatment on maternal serum lipids in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), and to analyse the associations between individual lipids and birth weight (BW).<br ...
Efficacy of Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an At-Risk Group of Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
<div><p><strong>OBJECTIVE</strong> To assess whether the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be lowered and glucose metabolism improved by daily administration of fish oil and/or probiotic supplements in overweight and obese pregnant women.</p></div><div><p><strong>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</strong> We randomized in a double-blind manner 439 women (mean 13.9 ± 2.1 gestational weeks [gw]) into four intervention groups: fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics, and placebo + placebo. Fish oil (1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid) and probiotic supplements (Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each) were provided for daily consumption from randomization beyond delivery. Primary outcomes were the incidence of GDM diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test targeted at 24–28 gw and the change in fasting glucose between randomization and late pregnancy (mean 35.2 ± 0.9 gw). Insulin concentration, insulin resistance HOMA2-IR index, and pregnancy outcomes were determined, as were adverse effects related to the intervention. Analyses were by intent to treat.</p></div><div><p><strong>RESULTS</strong> No differences were found among the intervention groups in the maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes or side effects related to the intervention (P > 0.05). The proportion of women with GDM (94 of 377; fish oil + placebo, 23 of 96, 24.0%; probiotics + placebo, 25 of 99, 25.3%; fish oil + probiotics, 26 of 91, 28.6%; and placebo + placebo, 20 of 91, 22.0%) or the change in glucose, insulin, or HOMA2-IR (n = 364) did not differ among the intervention groups (P > 0.11 for all comparisons).</p></div><div><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong> An intervention with fish oil and/or probiotics during pregnancy seemed to be both safe and well tolerated but conferred no benefits in lowering the risk of GDM or improving glucose metabolism in overweight and obese women.</p></div>...
ALDH1A1-related stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer is a negative prognostic indicator but potentially targetable by EGFR/mTOR-PI3K/aurora kinase inhibitors
Poor chemotherapy response remains a major treatment challenge for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer stem cells are the major contributors to relapse and treatment failure as they can survive conventional therapy. ...
Behavior of FDG-avid supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes in PET/CT throughout primary therapy in advanced serous epithelial ovarian cancer: a prospective study
BackgroundEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) typically spreads intra-abdominally, but preoperative evaluation with FDG PET/CT often reveals metabolically active supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes (sdLNs). Their clinical significance ...
Evaluation of serum zonulin for use as an early predictor for gestational diabetes
Diet has an important role in regulating intestinal permeability and subsequently the risk for metabolic disorders. In this observational study, we examined whether serum intestinal permeability marker zonulin, could be ...
Dietary quality influences body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women
<h4>BACKGROUND & AIMS: </h4><p>Excessive adiposity and gestational
weight gain (GWG) have been linked with maternal and offspring
morbidity. We investigated the relation of maternal diet, physical
activity and GWG ...
HLA-G polymorphism impacts the outcome of oral HPV infections in women
Backround<div><br></div><div>Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G may have an important role in the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our aim was to evaluate the role of HLA-G in the outcome of genital ...