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The long-term cost of childhood conduct problems: Finnish Nationwide 1981 Birth Cohort Study
<p>Background <br></p><p>Commonly recognized childhood conduct problems often lead to costly problems in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cumulative cost of childhood conduct problems until the age of 30. The costs included inpatient care, nervous system medicine purchases, and criminal offences. <br></p><p>Methods <br></p><p>The study used population-based nationwide 1981 birth cohort data. Families and teachers assessed the conduct problems of the eight-year-olds based on Rutter questionnaires. We grouped 5,011 children into low-level of conduct problems (52%), intermediate-level of conduct problems (37%), and high-level of conduct problems (11%) groups, based on combined conduct symptoms scores. The analysis included the cohort data with the Care Register for Health Care, the Drug Prescription Register, and the Finnish Police Register. The cost valuation of service use applied national unit costs in 2016 prices. We used Wilcoxon rank-sum test to test the differences between groups and gender.<br></p><p> Results <br></p><p>During 1989-2011, average cumulative costs of the high-level (€44,348, p < .001) and the intermediate-level (€19,405, p < .001) of conduct problems groups were higher than the low-level of conduct problems group's (€10,547) costs. In all three groups, the boys' costs were higher than girls' costs. <br></p><p>Conclusions <br></p><p>The costs associated with conduct problems in childhood are substantial, showing a clear need for cost-effective interventions. Implementation decisions of interventions benefit from long-term cost-effectiveness modelling studies. Costing studies, like this, provide cost and cost offset information for modelling studies.</p>...
Long term outcome of childhood onset headache: A prospective community study
Purpose To examine prevalence, course, and long-term outcome of childhood migraine and other headaches.Method Using questionnaires, 1185 children were followed for recurrent headaches at ages seven, 14 and 32 years, ...
Cognition in adults with Williams syndrome — A 20-year follow-up study
<p>Background: Williams syndrome (WBS) is a genetic multisystem disorder. The main symptom is borderline (intelligence quotient, IQ 70–79) or abnormally low intelligence (IQ < 70). According to earlier studies young ...
Effort-Reward Imbalance Is Associated With Alcohol-Related Problems. WIRUS-Screening Study
There is ample evidence of associations between a perceived stressful working environment and several health-related outcomes. To better understand potential mechanisms behind these observations some studies have focused ...
Mortality After Trauma Craniotomy Is Decreasing in Older Adults - A Nationwide Population-Based Study
<p>OBJECTIVE: No evidence-based guidelines are available for operative neurosurgical treatment of older patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), and no population-based results of current practice have been reported. ...
Contexts of sedentary time and physical activity among ageing workers and recent retirees: cross-sectional GPS and accelerometer study
<div><p>Objectives: We examined sedentary time and physical activity in different contexts among ageing workers, between their workdays and days off, and recent retirees, between their weekdays and weekend days.</p></div ...
International differences in the risk of death from smoking and obesity: The case of the United States and Finland
<p>Despite much interest in the health risks associated with behavioral factors, little is known about whether individuals residing in different countries experience a different set of risks. International comparisons of ...
Workplace bullying and violence as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a multicohort study and meta-analysis
The aim of this multicohort study was to examine whether employees exposed to social stressors at work, such as workplace bullying and violence, have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.The study included 45,905 men and ...
Trajectories of work ability from mid-life to pensionable age and their association with retirement timing
BACKROUND: This study aimed to identify the trajectories of work ability over 16 years preceding the individual pensionable age and to examine the association with retirement timing.<div><br /></div><div>METHODS: The study ...
Investigating associations between nematode infection and three measures of sociality in Asian elephants
<p>Frequent social interactions, proximity to conspecifics, and group density are main drivers of infections and parasite transmissions. However, recent theoretical and empirical studies suggest that the health benefits ...