© 2025 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.10 Persoonia 54, 2025: 327–587 https://www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE Fungal Planet description sheets: 1781–1866 P.W. Crous1,2,3, D.E.A. Catcheside4,5, P.S. Catcheside5,6, A.C. Alfenas7, R.F. Alfenas7, R.W. Barreto7, T. Lebel5, S. Balashov8, J. Broadbridge9 ä -XUMHYLü8, S. De la Peña-Lastra10, R. Hoffmann11, A. Mateos12, J. Riebesehl13, R.G. Shivas14, F.F. Soliz Santander13, Y.P. Tan15, A. Altés16, D. Bandini17, F. Carriconde18, J. Cazabonne19, P. Czachura20, H. Gryta21, G. Eyssartier22, E. Larsson23, O.L. Pereira7, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez100-:LQJ¿HOG2, W. Ahmad24, S. Bibi24, S. Denman25, F. Esteve-Raventós16, S. Hussain24, T. Illescas26, J.J. Luangsa-ard27, L. Möller28, A. Mombert29, W. Noisripoom27, I. Olariaga30, F. Pancorbo31, A. Paz32, 03LąWHN20, C. Polman-Short5, E. Suárez33, N.S. Afshan34, H. Ali34, M. Arzanlou35, F. Ayer36, J. Barratt5, J.-M. Bellanger37, †A. Bidaud38, S.L. Bishop-Hurley15, M. Bohm39, T. Bose2, E. Campo40, N.B. Chau41g)dRODN42, T.R.L. Cordeiro43, M.O. Cruz44, F.A. Custódio7, A. Couceiro459'DUPRVWXN20, J.D.W. Dearnaley46, A.L.C.M. de Azevedo Santiago43, L.W.S. de Freitas43, M. de J. Yáñez-Morales47, C. Domnauer48, B. Dentinger48, K. Dhileepan49, J.T. De Souza50, F. Dovana51, U. Eberhardt52, P. Eisvand53, A. Erhard8, V. Fachada54, A. García-Martín55, M. Groenewald1, A. Hammerbacher56, K. Harms57,58, S. Haroon34, M. Haqnawaz34, S. Henriques39, A.J. Hernández47, L.M. Jacobus59, D. Jaen-Contreras60, P. Jangsantear61, O. Kaygusuz62, R. Knoppersen2, T.K.A. Kumar63, M.J. Lynch46, R. Mahiques64, G.L. Maraia65, P.A.S. Marbach6600HKUDEL.RXVKNL53,67, P.R. Miller6860RQJNROVDPULW27, P.-A. Moreau69, N.H. Oberlies70, J.A. Oliveira7, D. Orlovich71, A.S. Pérez-Méndez47, A. Pinto8+$5DMD70, G.H. Ramírez72,73, B. Raphael46, A. Rodrigues44, H. Rodrigues74, D.O. Ramos7$6D¿53, S. Sarwar34, I. Saar75, R.M. Sánchez72,76, J.S. Santana77, J. Scrace78, L.S. Sales79, L.N.P. Silva706WU\MDN%RJDFND20, A. Tacconi80, V.N. Thanh41, A. Thomas63, N.T. Thuy41, M. Toome81, J.M. Valdez-Carrazco82, N.I. van Vuuren2, J. Vasey81, J. Vauras83, C. Vila-Viçosa84, M. Villarreal16, C.M. Visagie2, A. Vizzini85, E.J. Whiteside86, J.Z. Groenewald1 Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Septoria reinamora on leaf spots of Mutisia spinosa. Australia, Cortinarius albofolliculus on mossy soil, Cortinarius descensoriformis among leaf litter, Cortinarius kaki among leaf litter, Cortinarius lissosporus in leaf litter, Cortinarius malogranatus in leaf litter, Cortinarius meletlac on soil in mixed forest, Cortinarius sebosioides in long decayed wood litter, Helicogermslita australiensis as an endophyte from healthy leaves of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Puccinia clemensiorum on culms of Eleocharis ochrostachys, Puccinia geethae on leaves of Cyperus brevifolius, Puccinia marjaniae on leaves of Nymphoides indica, Puccinia scleriae-rugosae on leaves of Scleria rugosa. Brazil, Dactylaria calliandrae on living leaf of Calliandra tweediei, Mucor cerradoensis from soil, Musicillium palmae RQ OLYLQJ OHDYHVRIXQLGHQWL¿HGSDOPVSHFLHVNeodendryphiella agapanthi IURPVWDONV of Agapanthus praecox, Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum on living leaves of native bamboo, Parapenidiella melastomatis RQ OLYLQJ OHDYHV RI XQLGHQWL¿HGMelastomataceae, Pararamichloridium ouropretoense on living OHDYHVRIXQLGHQWL¿HG Poaceae, Pentagonomyces endophyticus (incl. Pentagonomyces gen. nov.) as endophytic from roots of Musa acuminata, Polyschema endophytica from healthy roots of coffee plant, Purimyces endophyticus as root endophyte of Cattleya locatellii, Ramularia rhododendri on living leaves of Rhododendron sp., Staphylotrichum soli from soil, Trichoderma sexdentis from leaves inside a nest of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Wiesneriomyces soli from soil. France, Cosmospora nemaniae on dead or effete stromata of Nemania cf. colliculosa, Inocybe alnobetulae in subalpine green alder stands, Stylonectria hygrophila on dead twigs of Betula pubescens. Germany, Coniochaeta corticalis IURPEDUNKXPXVConiochaeta fermentaria from fermentation residues from biogas plants, &RQLRFKDHWD ¿EULFROD IURP VRIWZRRG ¿EUHVConiochaeta weberae IURPEDUNKXPXVInocybe canicularis on calcareous to more acidic soil with conifers. Iceland, Inocybe islandica Key words: ITS nrDNA barcodes LSU new taxa systematics Citation: &URXV3:&DWFKHVLGH'($&DWFKHVLGH36$OIHQDV$&$OIHQDV5)%DUUHWR5:/HEHO7%DODVKRY6%URDGEULGJH--XUMHYLüä'H la Peña-Lastra S, Hoffmann R, Mateos A, Riebesehl J, Shivas RG, Soliz Santander FF, Tan YP, Altés A, Bandini D, Carriconde F, Cazabonne J, &]DFKXUD3*U\WD+(\VVDUWLHU*/DUVVRQ(3HUHLUD2/5LJXHLUR5RGUtJXH]$:LQJ¿HOG0-$KPDG:%LEL6'HQPDQ6(VWHYH5DYHQWyV )+XVVDLQ6 ,OOHVFDV7/XDQJVDDUG--0|OOHU/0RPEHUW$1RLVULSRRP:2ODULDJD ,3DQFRUER)3D]$3LąWHN03ROPDQ6KRUW& Suárez E, Afshan NS, Ali H, Arzanlou M, Ayer F, Barratt J, Bellanger J-M, Bidaud A, Bishop-Hurley SL, Bohm M, Bose T, Campo E, Chau NB, dRODNg)&RUGHLUR75/&UX]02&XVWyGLR)$&RXFHLUR$'DUPRVWXN9'HDUQDOH\-':GH$]HYHGR6DQWLDJR$/&0GH)UHLWDV/:6GH J Yáñez-Morales M, Domnauer C, Dentinger B, Dhileepan K, De Souza JT, Dovana F, Eberhardt U, Eisvand P, Erhard A, Fachada V, García- Martín A, Groenewald M, Hammerbacher A, Harms K, Haroon S, Haqnawaz M, Henriques S, Hernández AJ, Jacobus LM, Jaen-Contreras D, -DQJVDQWHDU3.D\JXVX]2.QRSSHUVHQ5.XPDU7.$/\QFK0-0DKLTXHV50DUDLD*/0DUEDFK3$60HKUDEL.RXVKNL00LOOHU35 0RQJNROVDPULW60RUHDX3$2EHUOLHV1+2OLYHLUD-$2UORYLFK'3pUH]0pQGH]$63LQWR$5DMD+$5DPtUH]*+5DSKDHO%5RGULJXHV $5RGULJXHV+5DPRV'26D¿$6DUZDU66DDU,6iQFKH]506DQWDQD-66FUDFH-6DOHV/66LOYD/136WU\MDN%RJDFND07DFFRQL A, Thanh VN, Thomas A, Thuy NT, Toome M, Valdez-Carrazco JM, van Vuuren NI, Vasey J, Vauras J, Vila-Viçosa C, Villarreal M, Visagie CM, Vizzini A, Whiteside EJ, Groenewald JZ. (2025). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1781–1866. Persoonia 54: 327–587. doi: 10.3114/ persoonia.2025.54.10 Received: 15 May 2025; Accepted: 26 May 2025; Effectively published online: 8 July 2025 Corresponding editor: R. Zare Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025328 1:HVWHUGLMN )XQJDO %LRGLYHUVLW\ ,QVWLWXWH 8SSVDODODDQ   &7 Utrecht, The Netherlands 2Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFD 3Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands 4School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia 5State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia 6College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia 7Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil 8EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA 9University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia 10University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 11Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universitätsplatz 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany 12Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain 13Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany 14Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia 15Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Primary ,QGXVWULHV'XWWRQ3DUN4XHHQVODQG$XVWUDOLD 16Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 17Panoramastr. 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany 18Équipe Sol & Végétation (SolVeg), Institut agronomique néo- Calédonien (IAC), 98000, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie 19Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi- Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, J9X 5E4, QC, Canada 20W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 3/.UDNyZ3RODQG 21Centre de recherche sur la biodiversité et l’environnement (CRBE), UMR5300, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, IRD, CRBE, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France 22Institut de systématique, évolution, biodiversité (UMR7205–MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles), 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France 23Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 463, SE40530 Göteborg, Sweden 24Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, &KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ 25Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, UK 26&%XHQRV$LUHVEDMR&yUGRED6SDLQ 27BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency 167'$ 7KDLODQG6FLHQFH3DUN3KDKRQ\RWKLQ5RDG.KORQJ Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand associated with Dryas octopetala. India, Vishniacozyma indica on dead twigs. Iran, Botryotrichum lycii on rotten leaf of Lycium depressum. Italy, Cuphophyllus dolomiticus among Salix retusa, Salix reticulata and Dryas octopetala, Inocybe subentolomospora on moss with the presence of Alnus incana, Populus nigra and Salix spp. Malaysia, Catenulostroma pellitae on leaf spots of Eucalyptus pellita. Mexico, Colletotrichum mexicanus from fruit of Persea americana cv. Hass. New Caledonia (France), Cortinarius caeloculus, Cortinarius luteigemellus and Cortinarius perpensus on soil under Nothofagus aequilateralis. New Zealand, Cytospora braithwaitei on branch of Malus domestica. Pakistan, Callistosporium khalidii on humus soil, Entoloma lilacinum on litter in conifer forest, Laccaria decolorans on litter in broad-leaved subtropical forest. Poland, Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Tuberculiforma enigmatica isolated from sooty mould community on Quercus robur leaves. Portugal, Clavulus hemisphaericus (incl. Clavulus gen. nov.) on mossy slopes and under Laurus leaf litter, Entoloma daegae on sandy, granitic soil, Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina under laurel forest, Hygrocybe sanguineolutea gregarious in laurel forest, Hygrocybe vulcanica on mossy areas of laurel forest areas, Pachyphlodes algarvensis on sandy soil under Cistus salvifolius, Quercus suber and Pinus pinea. South Africa, Amycosphaerella podalyriae on leaf of Podalyria calyptrata, Erythrobasidium eucalypti from the gut of Gonipterus sp., Letendraea goniomae on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Pezicula brabeji and Sphaerulina brabeji on twigs of Brabejum stellatifolium, Stachybotrys conicosiae RQGHDGÀRZHUKHDGRIConicosia elongata, Talaromyces ignescens from soil. Spain, Cortinarius phaeobrunneus on soil under Quercus ilex and Q. faginea, Inocybe pini-halepensis among grass and fallen leaves of Pinus halepensis, Inocybe subporcorum in sandy soils under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Pinus pinaster, Mycena morenoi on dead leaves of Betula pubescens and Salix atrocinerea, Pachyphlodes iberica on clayey and loamy soil under Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia, Ramariopsis coronata in laurel forest. Switzerland, Inocybe minata in a bog on very wet acidic soil with Salix spp. and Betula spp. Thailand, Hypocrella khonsanitii on scale insects (Coccidae), Petchiella hymenopterorum on hymenopteran pupae in the nest (Hymenoptera). Trinidad and Tobago, Neodevriesia maravalensis from RI¿FH VZDE Türkiye, Russula anatolica under Quercus vulcanica. UK, Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae (incl. Paracylindrosporium gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Dactylorhiza sp., Niesslia hepworthiae and Niesslia libertiae on living leaves of /LEHUWLDJUDQGLÀRUDUkraine, Lichenohendersonia cetrariae on thallus of terricolous Cetraria aculeata. USA, Atromagnispora indianensis (incl. Atromagnispora gen. nov.) on submerged wood in a freshwater stream, Cytospora michiganensis from utility room (settle plate), Exophiala aeris from air (settle plate), Hongoboletus americanus from mixed pine-hardwood forest, Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica from bedroom, air, Superstratomyces massachusettsanus from lyse buffer. Vietnam, Aspergillus halopiscium on dry marine anchovy Stolephorus commersonnii. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Abstract: Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 329 28Carvoeiro Clube C101, Rua do Ourico, 8400-562 Carvoeiro/LGA, Portugal 29Conservatoire botanique national de Franche-Comté - Observatoire régional des Invertébrés | 9 rue Jacquard - BP 61738 - 25043 Besançon Cedex, France 30University of Rey Juan Carlos, Spain 31Sociedad Micológica de Madrid, Real Jardín Botánico. C/ Claudio Moyano 1, 28014 Madrid, Spain 32$SWGR 3RVW 2I¿FH 1R   &DOGHV GH 0DODYHOOD *LURQD Spain 33Rosario, 26 bis. E-44003 Teruel, Spain 34,QVWLWXWH RI %RWDQ\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI WKH 3XQMDE /DKRUH  3DNLVWDQ 35Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 36Route des Roches 8, CH-1553 Châtonnaye, Switzerland 37CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, Campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France 382436, route de Brailles, F-38510 Vézeronce-Curtin, France 39Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 W Washington St., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 40via dei Gelsi, 8, 33077 Sacile (PN), Italy 41Food Industries Research Institute, 301 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam 42dQU,VSDUWD7UNL\H 43Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil 44São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of General and Applied Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil 45$VRFLDFLyQ0LFROy[LFD$QGRD5tR%DUFpVEDMR%DUFDOD A Coruña, Spain 46School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350, Toowoomba, Australia 47Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, campus 0RQWHFLOORNPFDUUHWHUD0p[LFR7H[FRFR0RQWHFLOOR7H[FRFR Estado de México 56264, México 488QLYHUVLW\RI8WDK 1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXPRI8WDK:DNDUD :D\6DOW/DNH&LW\8786$ 49Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Primary Industries, Dutton 3DUN4XHHQVODQG$XVWUDOLD 50Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 51Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy 526WDDWOLFKHV 0XVHXP I 1DWXUNXQGH 6WXWWJDUW  6WXWWJDUW Germany 53Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran 54Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK 55University of Extremadura, Spain 56Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFD 57Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 58Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany 59Indiana Univ. Columbus 4601 Central Ave, Columbus, Indiana 47203, USA 60)UXWLFXOWXUD &ROHJLR GH 3RVWJUDGXDGRV FDPSXV 0RQWHFLOOR NP 36.5 carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56264, México 61Forest Entomology and Microbiology Group, Forest and Plant &RQVHUYDWLRQ 5HVHDUFK 2I¿FH 'HSDUWPHQW RI 1DWLRQDO 3DUNV :LOGOLIHDQG3ODQW&RQVHUYDWLRQ3KDKRO\RWKLQ5RDG&KDWXFKDN %DQJNRN7KDLODQG 62Department of Plant and Animal Production, Atabey Vocational School, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32670 Isparta, 7UNL\H 63Department of Botany, The Zamorin’s Guruvayurappan College DI¿OLDWHGWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLFXW .HUDOD,QGLD 64Dr. Climent, 26, E-46837 Quatretonda, Spain 65Via della Speranza 6, I-37069, Villafranca di Verona (VR), Italy 66Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil 67Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 68Independent Researcher, Mississippi, USA 69Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, IMT Lille Douai, JUNIA, ULR 4515, – LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Geo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France 70Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, Greensboro, USA 71Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 72CERZOS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, Bahía Blanca, Argentina 73Departamento de Agronomía, UNS, San Andrés 612, Bahía Blanca, Argentina 74Fungos de Portugal, Fafe, Portugal 75Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi Street 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia 76Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina 77Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil 785R\DO+RUWLFXOWXUDO6RFLHW\5+6*DUGHQ:LVOH\:RNLQJ6XUUH\ GU23 6QB, UK 79State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil 80Via Olimpia 28, 37069, Bussolengo (VR), Italy 81Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary ,QGXVWULHV$XFNODQG1HZ=HDODQG 82Fitosanidad-Entomología, Colegio de Postgraduados, campus 0RQWHFLOORNPFDUUHWHUD0p[LFR7H[FRFR0RQWHFLOOR7H[FRFR Estado de México 56264, México 83%LRORJLFDO &ROOHFWLRQV RI cER $NDGHPL 8QLYHUVLW\ +HUEDULXP %LRGLYHUVLW\8QLW),8QLYHUVLW\RI7XUNX)LQODQG 84BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 85Via S. Pietro d’Ollesia 13b, 10053 Bussoleno (TO), Italy 86School of Health and Medical Sciences and Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350, Toowoomba, Australia Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025330 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7KH ZRUN RI 3: &URXV DQG FROOHDJXHV EHQH¿WWHG IURP funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and LQQRYDWLRQ SURJUDP 5,6(  XQGHU WKH 0DULH 6NáRGRZVND &XULH JUDQW DJUHHPHQW 1R  SURMHFW DFURQ\P “Mycobiomics”, and the Dutch NWO Roadmap grant DJUHHPHQW 1R (1: SURMHFW “Netherlands Infrastructure for Ecosystem and Biodiversity $QDO\VLV±$XWKRULWDWLYHDQG5DSLG,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ6\VWHPIRU Essential biodiversity information” (acronym NIEBA-ARISE). 91 7KDQK DQG FROOHDJXHV DFNQRZOHGJH IXQGLQJ IURP WKH Vietnam Ministry of Industry and Trade (2025.QuyGen.BO). +$5DMD LV JUDWHIXO WR WKH ,QGLDQDSROLV =RR IRU D VSHFLHV conservation grant for the study of freshwater ascomycetes; N.H. Oberlies is grateful to the National Institute of Health via the National Cancer Institute (P01 CA125066). The study of $6D¿DQGFROOHDJXHVZDV¿QDQFLDOO\VXSSRUWHGE\DJUDQW (SCU.AP1403.294) from the Research Council of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. A.S. Pérez-Méndez is grateful to Secihti (CONAHCYT) and Colegio de Postgraduados Funders in México for providing the funds for this research. M. Vázquez-Sánchez at the Botanic Department at the &ROHJLR GH3RVWJUDGXDGRV LV DOVR WKDQNHG IRU KHU DGYLFH F.F. Soliz Santander and colleagues are grateful to the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) and the Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. (FNR) E\ IXQGLQJ WKH SURMHFW ³(QWZLFNOXQJ XQG %HZHUWXQJ YRQ WRUIUHGX]LHUWHQ3URGXNWLRQVV\VWHPHQLP*DUWHQEDX 7R3*D ´ (funding number 2220MT006A) and to A. Zaiser, K. Löhr and H. Gottfried for laboratory assistance. Floragard Vertriebs- GmbH (Oldenburg, Germany) and Klasmann-Deilmann Service GmbH (Geeste, Germany) are gratefully DFNQRZOHGJHG IRU SURYLGLQJ VXEVWUDWHV IRU WKLV VWXG\ - &D]DERQQHDQGFROOHDJXHVZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN0*DUGHVIRU KHULQYROYHPHQWDQGLQYDOXDEOHKHOSWKURXJKRXWWKHSURMHFW P. Jargeat for sequencing samples and carrying out the initial phylogenetic analyses, K. Dinh for her assistance in extracting and sequencing samples, and P. Vincenot for the line GUDZLQJVRIWKHLUQHZVSHFLHV7KHDXWKRUVZRXOGDOVROLNHWR WKDQN33LURWIRUFRLQLQJWKHQDPHCortinarius caeloculus. R. 0DKLTXHV DQG FROOHDJXHV WKDQN * &RUULRO IRU SURYLGLQJ information about an additional collection of C. phaeobrunneus7/HEHODQGFRDXWKRUVDFNQRZOHGJHDQG respect the traditional custodians of Karta Pintingga .DQJDURR ,VODQG DQG WKH3HUDPDQJNDQG.DXUQDQDWLRQV (Adelaide Hills), the land on which these specimens were collected, and recognize their deep spiritual connection and relationship to Country. They are grateful to the Australian Biological Resources Study for funding support (NTRGI000057), the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium of South Australia for support of undergraduate interns (C. 3ROPDQ6KRUW-%URDGEULGJH ¿HOGZRUNDQGDFFHVVWR laboratories for microscopy, and Flinders University for VXSSRUWRIPROHFXODUGDWDJHQHUDWLRQ7KDQN\RXWRFXUDWLRQ staff at MEL, AD, PERTH and OTA for their assistance. E. /DUVVRQ DFNQRZOHGJHV WKH 6ZHGLVK 7D[RQRP\ ,QLWLDWLYH 6/8$UWGDWDEDQNHQ8SSVDOD6ZHGHQ6+XVVDLQDQGFR DXWKRUV ZRXOG OLNH WR H[SUHVV WKHLU VLQFHUH JUDWLWXGH WR colleagues at the Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, and staff of the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 8QLYHUVLW\ RI6ZDW7KH\ DOVR H[WHQG RXU WKDQNV WR+LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ &RPPLVVLRQ ,VODPDEDG *RYW 3DNLVWDQ IRU promoting and supporting research in the country. V. Fachada and colleagues are grateful to R. Iltanen for the precious help with the photographic plate layout. R. Knoppersen and FROOHDJXHVWKDQN)RUHVWU\6RXWK$IULFDIRUIXQGLQJWKLVVWXG\ with additional funding from the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute and the University of Pretoria. S. De OD 3HxD/DVWUD DQG FROOHDJXHV WKDQN WKH ,QVWLWXWR GDV Florestas e Conservação da Natureza authorities and guards /LFHQFH,)&1±%,20$' 7KHDXWKRUVDOVRWKDQN (%7HMHUDDQG/4XLMDGD IRU WKH ORFDWLRQVRIVRPHRI WKH VDPSOLQJDUHDV7,OOHVFDVZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNWR&0RUHQWH for her help in researching documentation on the genus and compiling data. The Atlantic Islands National Maritime- 7HUUHVWULDO3DUNDXWKRULWLHVDQGJXDUGVDUHDOVRDFNQRZOHGJHG $0DWHRVDQGFROOHDJXHVWKDQNWKH,QVWLWXWRGDV)ORUHVWDVH Conservação da Natureza authorities and guards (Licence ,)&1±%,20$' 7KHDXWKRUVZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN (%7HMHUDDQG/4XLMDGD IRU WKH ORFDWLRQVRIVRPHRI WKH VDPSOLQJDUHDV7,OOHVFDVZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN&0RUHQWHIRU her help in researching documentation on the genus and FRPSLOLQJGDWD7KH\DOVRWKDQNWKH6HFUHWDULD5HJLRQDOGR Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas Açores for the permission granted for the sampling (Licença No. 16/2021/DRAAC). To the ECOTOX group for co-funding the trip. T. Illescas would OLNH WR WKDQN WR & 0RUHQWH IRU KHU KHOS LQ UHVHDUFKLQJ documentation on the genus and compiling data. The study RI : 1RLVULSRRP DQG -- /XDQJVDDUG ZDV ¿QDQFLDOO\ supported by the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund, Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) (Grant no. P2351531). M. Durand and various participants of the Journées Mycologiques de Beaufort contributed to the discovery of Inocybe alnobetulae on several spots of the French locality. G. Moreno and E. +RUDNFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHVDPSOHFROOHFWLRQRII. alnobetulae in the green alder stands in Switzerland. D. Bandini and U. Eberhardt are grateful to A. Bond and L. Davis for the loan of type material of Inocybe margaritispora and to the Staatliches 0XVHXPI1DWXUNXQGH6WXWWJDUWDQG+7KVIRUWKHLUVXSSRUW '%DQGLQLWKDQNV);%RXWDUGIRUWKHJLIWRIDFROOHFWLRQRII. canicularis. I. Saar was supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant PRG1170) and the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Centre of Excellence AgroCropFuture “Agroecology and new crops in future climates”, TK200). F. Esteve-Raventós and colleagues DFNQRZOHGJH -/6LTXLHU -&6DORPDQG - /OLVWRVHOOD IRU their help in the collection of many samples in the Balearic Islands, and L. Parra for his nomenclatural advice. Furthermore, V. González, A. Caballero and G. Muñoz are WKDQNHG IRUKDQGOLQJFROOHFWLRQVDQGSKRWRJUDSKLFPDWHULDO ZKLOH0&HUYLQLDQG(/DUVVRQDUHWKDQNHGIRUVKDULQJVRPH RIWKHLUPROHFXODUGDWD-9DXUDVDFNQRZOHGJHVWKH)LQ%2/ SURMHFW RI )LQODQG DQG WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ .XRSLRQ /XRQQRQ VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN.5 Identities = 831/840 (99 %), no gaps], Pezicula pruinosa >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN .5 Identities = 828/837 (99 %), no gaps], and Pezicula acericola [strain CBS *HQ%DQN.5Identities = 830/840 (99 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFH had highest similarity to Pezicula neoheterochroma [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .5 Identities = 849/877 (97 %), no gaps], Pezicula eucrita [strain CBS 259.97, *HQ%DQN .) Identities = 850/880 (97 %), no gaps], and Pezicula sporulosa >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN KF376202.1; Identities = 847/880 (96 %), no gaps]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025334 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Pezicula ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or VSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Cadophora africana (GLMC 1892*HQ%DQNNR_170763) and the novelty described KHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 49 strains including the outgroup; 538 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 214 distinct patterns, 111 parsimony-informative, 67 singleton sites, 360 FRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUH alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: SYM+I+R2. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per VLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  90.3/94 96.5/97 0/89 99.7/100 91.7/96 88/92 0/75 95.6/97 0/87 93.3/96 92.4/98 Cadophora africana GLMC 1892NR_170763 Infundichalara microchona CBS 175.74NR_154074 Neofabraea krawtzewii CBS 102867KR859084 Neofabraea actinidiae CBS 121403NR_155469 Neofabraea kienholzii CBS 126461NR_155471 Neofabraea inaequalis CBS 326.75NR_155470 Neofabraea malicorticis CBS 122030NR_144926 Neofabraea perennans CBS 453.64KR859089 Neofabraea perennans CBS 102869KR859087 Pezicula marshalliae BRIP 72323aNR_198859 Pezicula rhizophila CBS 109839NR_155659 Pezicula subcarnea CBS 203.46AF141171 Pezicula brunnea CBS 120291NR_155652 Pezicula melanigena CBS 898.97NR_155611 Pezicula radicicola CBS 640.94NR_155610 Pezicula aurantiaca CBS 201.46MH856162 Pezicula ericae CBS 120290NR_155653 Pezicula pseudocinnamomea CBS 101000NR_155658 Pezicula neoheterochroma CBS 127388NR_155657 Pezicula frangulae subsp. frangulae CBS 778.96KR859209 Pezicula corni CBS 285.39AF141182 Pezicula acericola CBS 242.97KR859097 Pezicula pruinosa CBS 292.39KR859234 Pezicula heterochroma CBS 199.46NR_136956 Pezicula californiae CPC 13819NR_172218 Pezicula carpinea CBS 923.96NR_144927 Pezicula ocellata CBS 268.39KR859232 Pezicula italica MFLU 16-1284NR_170044 Pezicula corylina CBS 249.97KR859168 Pezicula brabeji sp. nov. CPC 47576 Pezicula cinnamomea CBS 482.97AF281399 Pezicula cinnamomea CBS 100240KR859109 Pezicula cinnamomea CBS 316.96KR859135 Pezicula cinnamomea CBS 203.82KR859116 Pezicula cinnamomea CBS 626.96KF376103 Pezicula cinnamomea CBS 101001KR859112 Pezicula eucalyptigena CPC 32129NR_163370 Pezicula chiangraiensis MFLUCC 15-0170KU310621 Pezicula eucrita CBS 325.96KF376146 Pezicula eucrita CBS 667.96KR859196 Pezicula eucrita CBS 662.96KR859191 Pezicula eucrita CBS 261.97KR859181 Pezicula neosporulosa CBS 635.96KR859226 Pezicula neosporulosa CBS 101.96NR_138003 Pezicula livida CBS 262.31AF141180 Pezicula sporulosa CBS 224.96NR_137161 Pezicula neocinnamomea CBS 100248NR_155656 Pezicula rubi CBS 251.97KR859248 Pezicula diversispora CBS 185.50NR_165205 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 335 Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025336 Fungal Planet 1782 MB 859229 Paracylindrosporium Scrace & Crous, gen. nov. Colour illustrations: Dactylorhiza sp., Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve, UK. Colony on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to its similarity to Cylindrosporium. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Ploettnerulaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate hyphae. ConidiophoresDULVLQJIURPVXSHU¿FLDOWRLPPHUVHG hyphae, erect, penicillate, terminal and intercalary on hyphae, subcylindrical with terminal penicillate conidiogenous apparatus; primary branches subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 0–1-septate, giving rise to 1–4 phialides, hyaline, smooth, VXEF\OLQGULFDO ZLWK SURPLQHQW ÀDUHG FROODUHWWHV Conidia subcylindrical, mostly straight, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, apex obtuse, tapering to truncate hilum; conidia undergoing microcyclic conidiation, aggregating in mucoid mass. Type species: Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae Scrace & Crous Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae Scrace & Crous, sp. nov. MB 859230 Etymology: Name refers to the host it was isolated from, Dactylorhiza. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 3–4 μm diam. hyphae. ConidiophoresDULVLQJIURPVXSHU¿FLDO to immersed hyphae, erect, penicillate, terminal and intercalary on hyphae, subcylindrical with terminal penicillate conidiogenous apparatus up to 160 μm tall; primary branches subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 0–1-septate, 15–45 × 3–4 μm, giving rise to 1–4 phialides, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, ± î ± —P ZLWK SURPLQHQW ÀDUHG FROODUHWWHV ± × 3–4 μm. Conidia subcylindrical, mostly straight, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, apex obtuse, tapering to truncate hilum, 2 μm diam., (0–)1–3(–4)-septate, (11–)15–20(–33) × (2.5–)3 μm; conidia undergoing microcyclic conidiation, aggregating in mucoid mass. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($VXUIDFH umber, and reverse umber to sienna. Typus: UK, LincolnshirH6NHJQHVV*LEUDOWDU3RLQW1DWLRQDO1DWXUH Reserve, on leaf spots of Dactylorhiza sp. (Orchidaceae), 2023, J. Scrace [holotype CBS H-25507; culture ex-type CPC 46348 = CBS 152298; ITS, LSU, actA, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN PV664922.1, PV664949.1, PV663998.1, PV664010.1, PV664014.1 and PV664026.1]. Additional material examined: UK /LQFROQVKLUH 6NHJQHVV Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve, on leaf spots of Dactylorhiza sp., 2023, J. Scrace, culture CPC 46267; ITS, LSU, actA, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PV664923.1, PV664950.1, PV663999.1, PV664011.1, PV664015.1 and PV664027.1. Notes: Paracylindrosporium is reminiscent of Cylindrosporium (type species C. concentricum) asexual morphs, which are treated as synonyms of Pyrenopeziza. No Cylindrosporium or PyrenopezizaVSHFLHVDUHSUHVHQWO\NQRZQIURPDactylorhiza sp. Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae is morphologically distinct in that it has relatively short conidia (up to 33 μm long) that are up to 4-septate (Hüseyin et al. 2007). Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae causes Dactylorhiza ³EODFN GHDWK´ RI Dactylorhiza species in the UK. Koch’s postulates have been completed, with P. dactylorhizae FRQ¿UPHGDVDYHU\DJJUHVVLYHSDWKRJHQRIWKLVKRVW 6FUDFH 2022). Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae produces large QXPEHUVRI FRQLGLDRQ OHDYHVDQGÀRZHUV VXJJHVWLQJ WKDW WKHVHSURSDJXOHVDUHPRVWOLNHO\GLVSHUVHGE\UDLQVSODVK %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 46348 had highest similarity to Pyrenopeziza subplicata >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ Identities = 571/600 (95 %), no gaps], Pyrenopeziza eryngii [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ Identities = 567/601 (94 %), three gaps (0 %)], and Spermospora zeae [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN 0: Identities = 547/583  ¿YHJDSV  @7KH,76VHTXHQFHVRI&3& and 46267 are identical (600/600 nt). Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 46267 are Phialophora asteris f. sp. helianthi >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN0+ Identities = 820/825 (99 %), no gaps], Cadophora cf. meredithiae >VWUDLQ3*HQ%DQN01Identities = 820/825 (99 %), no gaps], and Cadophora malorum [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ Identities = 819/825 (99 %), no gaps]. The LSU sequences of CPC 46348 and 46267 are identical (787/787 nt). Closest hits using the actA sequence of CPC 46348 had highest similarity to Collembolispora aristata >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN KC005766.1; Identities = 591/663 (89 %), nine gaps (1 %)], Spermospora loliiphila >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN MW297295.1; Identities = 574/642 (89 %), four gaps (0 %)], and Oculimacula acuformis >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN MW297205.1; Identities = 573/643 (89 %), six gaps (0 %)]. The actA sequences of CPC 46267 and 46348 are identical (648/648 nt). Closest hits using the rpb1 sequence of CPC 46267 had highest similarity to Cadophora interclivum [strain %$**HQ%DQN0)Identities = 552/601 (92 %), Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 337 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO -6FUDFH5R\DO+RUWLFXOWXUDO6RFLHW\5+6*DUGHQ:LVOH\:RNLQJ6XUUH\*84%8.HPDLO MRKQVFUDFH#UKVRUJXN 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Ploettnerulaceae rpb2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Lachnum imbecille >7. 6785 *HQ%DQN07] and the novelty GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Families, orders and the class are shown to the right of the tree in coloured EORFNV7KH URRWEUDQFKZDVVKRUWHQHG WR IDFLOLWDWH OD\RXW$OLJQPHQW VWDWLVWLFV69 strains including the outgroup; 824 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 447 distinct patterns, 323 parsimony-informative, 45 singleton sites, 456 FRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HG for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: SYM+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  no gaps], Leptodophora orchidicola [strain UAMH 8152, *HQ%DQN 0) Identities = 552/601 (92 %), no gaps], and Cadophora meredithiae >VWUDLQ%$3*HQ%DQN MF677903.1; Identities = 548/600 (91 %), no gaps]. The rpb1 sequences of CPC 46267 and 46348 are identical (740/740 nt). Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFH of CPC 46348 had highest similarity to Cadophora cf. interclivum >VWUDLQ3*HQ%DQN01 Identities = 662/743 (89 %), no gaps], Ypsilina graminea [strain CBS *HQ%DQN0:Identities = 713/801 (89 %), no gaps], and Neospermospora avenae [strain CBS 388.64, *HQ%DQN0:Identities = 710/801 (89 %), no gaps]. The rpb2 sequences of CPC 46267 and 46348 are identical (802/802 nt). Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFH of CPC 46267 had highest similarity to Rhexocercosporidium panacis >VWUDLQ&.*HQ%DQN0= Identities = 380/497 (76 %), 67 gaps (13 %)], Cadophora infata [strain 0<*HQ%DQN07Identities = 379/501 (76 %), 75 gaps (14 %)], and Oculimacula acuformis [strain CPC *HQ%DQN0:Identities = 379/499 (76 %), 67 gaps (13 %)]. The tef1 sequences of CPC 46267 and 46348 are identical (523/523 nt). Le ot io m yc et es H el ot ia le s Hyaloscyphaceae Ploettnerulaceae 95.6/83 99.3/97 99.4/96 88.4/100 91/90 100/100 99.6/98 98.2/99 99.8/97 100/100 99.4/99 84.6/78 100/10099.9/100 76.4/88 96.8/10095.6/89 92.3/91 100/100 91.1/100 100/100 99.7/100 100/100 87.9/96 99.9/99 99.4/100 99.1/98 88.9/100 95.4/100 99.6/88 97.1/99 89.4/95 Lachnum imbecille TK7121 (S, TUR)MT228683 Resinoscypha variepilosa SH 16/41 (S, TUR)MT228692 Mimicoscypha lacrimiformis KH.17.02 (S, TUR)MT228687 Hyalopeziza nectrioidea KACC 45613JN086836 Olla transiens TK7125 (S, TUR)MT228689 Olla millepunctata KACC 45226JN086835 Eupezizella aureliella KUS-F52070JN086848 Isthmosporiella africana CPC 45125OR683728 Hyaloscypha variabilis UAMH 8861MH018950 Hyaloscypha vitreola SH14/10 (S, TUR)MT228681 Hyaloscypha usitata TK7083 (S, TUR)MT228680 Hyaloscypha melinii CBS 143705MH018952 Hyaloscypha fuckelii AMFB1780 (S, TUR)MT228675 Hyaloscypha leuconica TK7014 (S, TUR)MT228679 Hyaloscypha leuconica var. bulbopilosa KUS-F52573JN086867 Hyaloscypha leuconica var. bulbopilosa TNS-F18073JN086897 Haplographium delicatum TNS-F17834JN086883 Dematioscypha richonis TK7082 (S, TUR)MT228669 Cadophora dextrinospora TNS-F 86451LC756213 Cadophora daguensis MEND-F1105OQ401694 Cadophora fallopiae TNS-F86411LC756206 CPC 46267 CPC 46348 Helgardiomyces anguioides CBS 496.80MW297368 Ypsilina graminea CBS 114630MW297452 Ypsilina graminea CBS 691.92MW297453 Ypsilina graminea CBS 692.92MW297454 Neospermospora avenae VPRI 42798MW297371 Neospermospora avenae VPRI 42892aMW297372 Neospermospora avenae CBS 227.38MW297369 authentic Rhynchobrunnera orthospora CBS 146767MW297443 Rhynchobrunnera orthospora CBS 698.79MW297445 Rhynchobrunnera orthospora CBS 146768MW297444 Rhynchobrunnera lolii 15lp11KU844339 Spermospora arrhenatheri CBS 320.68MW297446 Spermospora loliiphila CBS 286.69MW297450 Spermospora zeae CBS 306.79MW297451 Spermospora ciliata CBS 287.69MW297449 Spermospora ciliata CBS 285.69MW297448 Spermospora ciliata CBS 135.38MW297447 authentic Oculimacula acuformis CBS 114730MW297373 Oculimacula acuformis CBS 495.80MW297374 Oculimacula yallundae CBS 128.31MW297395 Oculimacula yallundae CBS 129.31MW297396 Oculimacula yallundae CBS 110665MW297394 Cadophora sp. FR 0255158MN367236 Cadophora sp. CBS 146384MN367270 Cadophora sp. FR 0255166MN367243 Cadophora sp. FR 0255218MN367261 Cadophora sp. FR 0255169MN367245 Cadophora sp. FR 0255186MN367260 Cadophora sp. FR 0255177MN367246 Pyrenopeziza sp. FC-8810 TNS-F86349LC756212 Pyrenopeziza pulveracea TNS-F86195LC756208 Pyrenopeziza petiolaris TNS-F61891LC756219 Pyrenopeziza orientalipetiolaris TNS-F86027LC756220 Cadophora malorum M34JAFJYH010000067 Cadophora luteo-olivacea CBS 146377MN367247 Cadophora luteo-olivacea CBS 146367MN367231 Cadophora obovata CBS 146374MN367298 Cadophora obovata CBS 146359MN367275 Cadophora constrictospora CBS 146371MN367280 Cadophora constrictospora FR 0255180MN367249 Cadophora constrictospora CBS 146375MN367284 Cadophora cf. interclivum P2932MN367290 Cadophora cf. meredithiae FR 0255150MN367232 Cadophora cf. meredithiae FR 0255143MN367229 Cadophora cf. interclivum CBS 146369MN367279 Cadophora cf. interclivum CBS 146381MN367285 0.01 Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae gen. et. sp. nov. 3x Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025338 Amycosphaerella podalyriae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 339 Fungal Planet 1783 MB 859197 Amycosphaerella podalyriae Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Podalyria calyptrata, Silvermine, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus from which it was isolated, Podalyria. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Leaf spots DPSKLJHQRXVVXEFLUFXODUEURZQZLWKUDLVHGGDUN brown border, 2–5 mm diam. Conidiomata hypophyllous. Stromata well-developed, erumpent, up to 150 μm diam., of brown pseudoparenchymatal cells, giving rise to conidiophores. Conidiophores aggregated, subcylindrical, VWUDLJKW WR JHQLFXORXVVLQXRXV EURZQ ¿QHO\ URXJKHQHG 1–2-septate, unbranched, 20–50 × 4–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells LQWHJUDWHG WHUPLQDO VXEF\OLQGULFDO EURZQ ¿QHO\ verruculose, proliferating percurrently at apex, 15–30 × 4–6 μm. Conidia solitary, brown, guttulate, smooth, narrowly REFODYDWH ÀH[XRXV DSH[ VXEREWXVH EDVH REFRQLFDOO\ truncate, 3(–3.5) μm, with minute marginal frill, 3–16-septate, (32–)75–100(–120) × (4–)5(–6) μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, surface folded, and smooth, lobate PDUJLQUHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($ PDA and OA surface pale olivaceous grey to olivaceous grey, and reverse olivaceous grey. Typus: South Africa, Western Cape Province, Silvermine, on leaf of Podalyria calyptrata (Fabaceae), 1 Dec. 2023, P.W. Crous, HPC 4331 [holotype CBS H-25511; culture ex-type CPC 47572 = CBS 152224; ITS, LSU, actA and tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN PV664924.1, PV664951.1, PV664000.1 and PV664028.1]. Notes: Amycosphaerella is a genus of foliar pathogens, SUHVHQWO\ NQRZQ IURP WZR VH[XDO VSHFLHV A. africana (on Buckinghamia and Eucalyptus), and A. keniensis (on Eucalyptus and Musa) (Videira et al. 2017). Because A. podalyriae LV RQO\ NQRZQ IURP LWV DVH[XDO PRUSK LW LV QRW possible to compare these taxa morphologically, although the host, PodalyriaLVTXLWHGLVWLQFWIURPWKHRWKHUNQRZQKRVWVRI Amycosphaerella. Phylogenetically, A. podalyriae is distinct IURPRWKHUNQRZQVSHFLHVLQWKHJHQXV %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pantospora guazumae [strain &,5$'$86  *HQ%DQN 0: Identities = 503/505 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], Amycosphaerella africana [as Mycosphaerella aurantia VWUDLQ 8< *HQ%DQN EU853468.1; Identities = 503/505 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], Pseudocercosporella bidentis >VWUDLQ&2$'*HQ%DQN KF421114.1; Identities = 494/497 (99 %), two gaps (0 %)], and Rhachisphaerella mozambica [as Mycosphaerella mozambica VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN (8 Identities = 492/495 (99 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Mycosphaerella buckinghamiae >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN (8 Identities = 806/809 (99 %), no gaps], Amycosphaerella africana [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN *4 Identities = 806/809 (99 %), no gaps], and Pseudocercospora tibouchinigena >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN *8 Identities = 806/809 (99 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Pantospora guazumae >VWUDLQ &,5$'$86 *HQ%DQN0: Identities = 552/571 (97 %), no gaps], Amycosphaerella africana [as Mycosphaerella ellipsoidea VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN JX902106.1; Identities = 514/532 (97 %), one gap (0 %)], and Rhachisphaerella mozambica [as Mycosphaerella mozambica VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN (8 Identities = 505/524 (96 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFH KDG KLJKHVW VLPLODULW\ WR Amycosphaerella africana >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN MK442688.1; ,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV  @ Pantospora guazumae >VWUDLQ &,5$'$86  *HQ%DQN MW071106.1; ,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV  @ and Pseudocercosporella bakeri [strain CBS 119488, *HQ%DQN.;Identities = 416/472 (88 %), 13 gaps (2 %)]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025340 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Amycosphaerella actA nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia stellariicola &%6*HQ%DQN.;) and the novelty GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 24 strains including the outgroup; 526 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 168 distinct patterns, 124 parsimony-informative, 34 singleton sites, 368 FRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HG for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TPM2u+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  98.5/100 95.7/100 96.7/97 97.1/84 91.9/85 96.4/100 97.9/99 95.5/98 98.5/100 99.1/99 Ramularia stellariicola CBS 130592KX287797 Pleopassalora acaciae VPRI 40697MG386134 Nowamyces globulus CPC 32722MN162301 Nowamyces globulus CPC 32724MN162302 Nowamyces globulus CPC 32894MN162304 Nowamyces piperitae CPC 32400MN162305 Nowamyces piperitae CPC 32372MN162306 Nowamyces piperitae CPC 32901MN162307 Dothistroma pini CBS 116487JX902069 Dothistroma pini CBS 121011JX902068 Dothistroma septosporum CBS 383.74JX902079 Dothistroma septosporum CBS 543.74JX902078 Dothistroma septosporum CPC 16798JX902076 Nothopseudocercospora dictamni CBS 148299ON803516 Rhachisphaerella mozambica CBS 122464EU514318 Pantospora chromolaenae CBS 145563MK876459 Amycosphaerella podalyriae sp. nov. CPC 47572 Amycosphaerella africana CBS 116154KF903480 Amycosphaerella africana CBS 110500KF903395 Amycosphaerella africana CBS 110843JX902106 Pantospora guazumae CPC 37195MW070787 “Rhachisphaerella mozambica” CBS 121391EU514319 Pseudocercosporella bakeri CBS 119488 KX287586 Pseudocercosporella bakeri CBS 125685KX287587 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 341 Ramularia rhododendri Staphylotrichum soli Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025342 Fungal Planet 1784 MB 859198 Ramularia rhododendri Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was isolated from, Rhododendron. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–2.5 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, or 1–3-septate, 3–50 × 2–2.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary, 3–25 × 2–2.5 μm; scars WKLFNHQHG GDUNHQHG UHIUDFWLYH ± —P GLDP Conidia in branched chains, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid to fusoid-ellipsoid, aseptate; ramoconidia 13–20 × 2.5–3 μm; FRQLGLD ± ± ± î±—PORFLWKLFNHQHGGDUNHQHG refractive, 0.5–1 μm diam. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface olivaceous buff, reverse olivaceous. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Caraça, on living leaves of Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae), Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4383 [holotype CBS H-25709; culture ex-type COAD 3985 = CPC 47892; ITS, LSU, actA, rpb2 and tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN39393939DQG PV664029.1]. Notes: Ramularia is a genus of foliar pathogens with a wide distribution, causing leaf spots, necrosis or chlorosis of QXPHURXVKRVWSODQWV3UHVHQWO\QRVSHFLHVDUHNQRZQIURP Rhododendron (Braun 1995, 1998). Phylogenetically, R. rhododendri LV GLVWLQFW IURPRWKHU VSHFLHV SUHVHQWO\ NQRZQ from their DNA, or that have been recorded on Rhododendron spp. %DVHGRQDPHJDEODVWVHDUFKRI1&%,¶V*HQ%DQNQXFOHRWLGH database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Ramularia nyssicola >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN MH864616.1; Identities = 495/509 (97 %), seven gaps (1 %)], Ramularia punctiformis >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN EU167569.1; Identities = 489/503 (97 %), one gap (0 %)], and Ramularia weberiana >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN NR_175082.1; Identities = 482/496 (97 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Ramularia deusta var. deusta >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN .; Identities = 838/841 (99 %), no gaps], Ramularia nyssicola >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV  853/857 (99 %), no gaps], and Ramularia osterici [strain &3&  *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV   (99 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Ramularia armoraciae [strain CBS *HQ%DQN.;,GHQWLWLHV    three gaps (0 %)], Ramularia tricherae [strain CBS 108974, *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV      WKUHH gaps (0 %)], and Ramularia nyssicola [strain CBS 127664, *HQ%DQN .3 ,GHQWLWLHV      HLJKW gaps (1 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFH had highest similarity to Ramularia nyssicola [strain CBS  *HQ%DQN .3 ,GHQWLWLHV   (90 %), no gaps], Ramularia unterseheri [strain CPC 25740, *HQ%DQN .3 ,GHQWLWLHV      IRXU gaps (0 %)], and Ramularia vizellae [strain CPC 25729, *HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV   WZRJDSV (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDG highest similarity to Ramularia nyssicola [strain CBS 127665, *HQ%DQN .- ,GHQWLWLHV      HLJKW gaps (2 %)], Ramularia hydrangeae-macrophyllae [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV   (88 %), 15 gaps (4 %)], and Ramularia asteris [strain CBS *HQ%DQN.;,GHQWLWLHV    10 gaps (2 %)]. Colour illustrations: Leaves of Rhododendron sp., Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Left column, Ramularia rhododendri). Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; conidia. (Right column, Staphylotrichum soli). Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 343 Fungal Planet 1785 MB 859199 Staphylotrichum soli Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the fact that it was isolated from soil. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Chaetomiaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, septate, branched, 2.5–3.5 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiogenous cells integrated on hyphae as lateral hyphal pegs, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, 3–20 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidia solitary, globose to subglobose to obovoid, K\DOLQHWRSDOHEURZQWKLFNZDOOHGVPRRWK ± ± ±  μm diam. Culture characteristics&RORQLHVÀDWVSUHDGLQJZLWKVSDUVH aerial mycelium and smooth, even margin, reaching 15 mm GLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG2$VXUIDFHDQG reverse sienna. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Caraça, from soil, Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous [holotype CBS H-25713; culture ex-type COAD 3988 = CPC 47994; ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 (second part) and tub2 sequences *HQ%DQN39393939DQG PV664049.1]. Notes: Staphylotrichum is characterized by having apically branched macronematous conidiophores with terminal GHQWLFOHOLNH FRQLGLRJHQRXV FHOOV 'HQWULFOHV DUH F\OLQGULFDO RU SLPSOHOLNH DQG JORERVH FRQLGLD DUH DVHSWDWH K\DOLQH to pale brown, smooth or slightly verrucose (Wang et al. 2019). Staphylotrichum soli is related to but distinct from S. coccosporum [conidia globose, subglobose, occasionally obovoid or pyriform, (7.5–)8.5–11.5(–13.5) × (7.5–)8–10(–11) ȝP@ %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Staphylotrichum sp. [strain 66% *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV   (99 %), no gaps], Staphylotrichum coccosporum [strain 3)*HQ%DQN/&,GHQWLWLHV    one gap (0 %)], and Staphylotrichum longicolle [strain CBS *HQ%DQN/7,GHQWLWLHV    one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Staphylotrichum coccosporum [strain CBS 281.65, *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], Plectosphaerella tabeijunkoae [strain BRIP 74902a, *HQ%DQN 25 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], and Staphylotrichum tortipilum [strain CBS 103.79, *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDG highest similarity to Staphylotrichum coccosporum [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN /7 ,GHQWLWLHV   (97 %), no gaps], Staphylotrichum acaciicola [strain CBS *HQ%DQN/7,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], and Staphylotrichum microascosporum [strain CBS *HQ%DQN/7,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had highest similarity to Staphylotrichum limonisporum [strain /&*HQ%DQN.;,GHQWLWLHV    ¿YH JDSV   @ Podospora pseudocomata [strain CBS 0*HQ%DQN;0B ,GHQWLWLHV  (94 %), two gaps (0 %)], and Collariella carteri [strain E37, *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had distant similarity to Staphylotrichum coccosporum [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN /7 ,GHQWLWLHV   (87 %), 44 gaps (5 %)], Staphylotrichum acaciicola [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN /7 ,GHQWLWLHV   (85 %), 45 gaps (5 %)], and Staphylotrichum sinense >VWUDLQ&*0&&*HQ%DQN01,GHQWLWLHV  636/793 (80 %), 81 gaps (10 %)]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025344 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Ramularia rpb2/ITS/actA/gapdh/tef1 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap VXSSRUW &XOWXUHFROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUV)RU*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVRILQFOXGHGVHTXHQFHVVHH9LGHLUDet al. (2016). Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Zymoseptoria halophila (CBS 128854) and the QRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 35 strains including the outgroup; 2509 characters LQFOXGLQJ DOLJQPHQW JDSV DQDO\VHG  GLVWLQFW SDWWHUQV  SDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYH  VLQJOHWRQ VLWHV  FRQVWDQW VLWHV7KH EHVW¿W PRGHOVLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHGLIIHUHQWSDUWLWLRQVLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDVrpb2: TN+F+G4; ITS: TNe+I+R2; actA: TIM2e+G4; gapdh: HKY+F+I+G4; tef1: TIM3+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree ZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  100/100 99.9/100 100/100 100/100 100/100 97.4/98 81.8/99 100/100 93.9/79 98.1/77 100/99 92.3/91 100/94 Zymoseptoria halophila CBS 128854 Ramularia gaultheriae CBS 299.80 Ramularia rhododendri sp. nov. CPC 47892 Ramularia nyssicola CBS 127664 Ramularia nyssicola CBS 127665 Ramularia rufibasis CBS 114567 Ramularia coryli CBS 117800 Ramularia lethalis CBS 141113 Ramularia malicola CBS 119227 Ramularia rubella CBS 120161 Ramularia rubella CPC 19472 Ramularia rubella CPC 19471 Ramularia rubella CPC 15821 Ramularia rubella CBS 141117 Ramularia rubella CBS 114440 Ramularia rubella CPC 15749 Ramularia rubella CPC 15748 Ramularia rubella CPC 15750 Ramularia endophylla CBS 115302 Ramularia endophylla CBS 101680 Ramularia endophylla CBS 115303 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113869 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113265 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113871 Ramularia unterseheri CBS 130721 Ramularia unterseheri CBS 117879 Ramularia unterseheri CBS 124884 Ramularia unterseheri CBS 124826 Ramularia unterseheri CBS 124838 Ramularia vizellae CBS 115982 Ramularia vizellae CBS 117872 Ramularia vizellae CBS 117871 Ramularia vizellae CBS 115981 Ramularia vizellae CBS 117798 Ramularia vizellae CBS 130601 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 345 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 100/100 84.4/87 98/98 89.1/97 89.2/79 94.4/96 Neurospora dictyophora CBS 529.95NR_163513 Staphylotrichum limonisporum CGMCC 3.17914KU746672 Staphylotrichum limonisporum CGMCC 3.17915KU746673 Staphylotrichum limonisporum CGMCC 3.17916KU746674 Staphylotrichum sinense YMF 1.05760MN271027 Staphylotrichum sp. CBS 147119MW429788 Staphylotrichum boninense PF1444LC004918 Staphylotrichum boninense CBS 112059LT993616 Staphylotrichum boninense CBS 112543LT993617 Staphylotrichum boninense JCM 17909AB625581 Staphylotrichum boninense JCM 17908NR_137527 Staphylotrichum boninense JCM 17910AB625582 Staphylotrichum brevistipitatum CBS 294.55LT993618 Staphylotrichum brevistipitatum CBS 408.67LT993619 Staphylotrichum microascosporum CBS 184.79NR_172966 Staphylotrichum tortipilum CBS 103.79NR_172967 Staphylotrichum longicolle CBS 562.80LT993622 Staphylotrichum longicolle NMM 150MZ226449 Staphylotrichum longicolle CBS 119.57LT993621 Staphylotrichum longicolle CBS 100950LT993623 Staphylotrichum “coccosporum” CON4032JX969624 Staphylotrichum soli sp. nov. CPC 47994 Staphylotrichum sp. Amy-4AB728536 Staphylotrichum sp. Eis-7AB728546 Staphylotrichum coccosporum NBRC 31817AB625585 Staphylotrichum coccosporum CBS 364.58NR_145333 Staphylotrichum coccosporum JCM 17911AB625583 Staphylotrichum koreanum EML-UD33-1NR_166797 Staphylotrichum koreanum EML-UD33-2KU058193 Staphylotrichum acaciicola SS220B9PP664629 as Staphylotrichum sp. Staphylotrichum acaciicola N32MK304225 as S. coccosporum Staphylotrichum acaciicola PF1460LC061580 as S. coccosporum Staphylotrichum acaciicola NBRC 33272AB625586 as S. coccosporum Staphylotrichum acaciicola CBS 127289LT993615 Staphylotrichum acaciicola CBS 281.65NR_172965 Staphylotrichum acaciicola CBS 554.89LT993614 0.01 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Staphylotrichum ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Neurospora dictyophora &%6*HQ%DQN15B DQG WKH QRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 36 strains including the outgroup; 571 characters LQFOXGLQJDOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHO LGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV71H*7KHVFDOHEDUVKRZVWKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURIQXFOHRWLGH VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025346 Stachybotrys conicosiae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 347 Fungal Planet 1786 MB 859200 Stachybotrys conicosiae Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Conicosia elongataÀRZHU&ODQZLOOLDP:HVWHUQ Cape Province, South Africa. Colony sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was isolated from, Conicosia. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5–2 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, thin- walled, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, 1-septate, 65–120 × 5–7 μm, bearing 6–8 terminal conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, clavate to subclavate, subhyaline, smooth, 8–12 × (5–)6–7 μm, with apical collarettes. Conidia aseptate, HOOLSVRLGIXVRLGWKLFNZDOOHGGDUNEURZQYHUUXFXORVHDSH[ obtuse, base truncate, (7–)8–9(–10) × 3.5–4 μm. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface and reverse luteous. Typus: South Africa, Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam, on GHDG ÀRZHU KHDG RIConicosia elongata (Aizoaceae), Aug. 2024, 0-:LQJ¿HOG, HPC 4555 [holotype CBS H-25747; culture ex-type CPC 49177 = CBS 153455; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb2 and tef1 ¿UVW SDUW VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN393939 PV664018.1 and PV664030.1]. Notes: Lombard et al.   UHGH¿QHG Stachybotrys and restricted it to species having conidiophores branching DW WKH EDVDO VHSWXP DQG WKH IRUPLQJ WKLFNZDOOHG FRQLGLD Stachybotrys conicosiae is phylogenetically closely related to S. subsylvatica>FRQLGLRSKRUHV±î±ȝPFRQLGLD ± ± ± î±ȝP DYîȝP /RPEDUGet al. 2016], but is morphologically distinct, having longer conidiophores and conidia. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Stachybotrys subsylvatica [strain &%6*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV  (97 %), seven gaps (1 %)], Stachybotrys musae [strain 0)/8&&  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV  481/501 (96 %), no gaps], and Stachybotrys microspora >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV  512/545 (94 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Stachybotrys subsylvatica [strain CBS 126205, *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], Stachybotrys microspora [strain LAMIC0006/06, *HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV   RQHJDS (0 %)], and Stachybotrys globosa [strain LAMIC0011/10, *HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV   RQHJDS (0 %)]. Closest hits using the cmdA sequence had highest similarity to Stachybotrys subsylvatica [strain CBS 126205, *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV      RQH gap (0 %)], Stachybotrys musae [strain MFLUCC 20-0152, *HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (3 %)], and Stachybotrys microspora [strain CBS 186.79, *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV      HLJKW gaps (1 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFH had highest similarity to Stachybotrys musae [strain MFLUCC  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV   (93 %), two gaps (0 %)], Stachybotrys subsylvatica [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (93 %), no gaps], and Stachybotrys microspora [strain CBS *HQ%DQN'4,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFH had highest similarity to Stachybotrys subsylvatica [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (82 %), 17 gaps (3 %)], Stachybotrys microspora [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (79 %), 31 gaps (6 %)], and Stachybotrys reniformis [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (79 %), 24 gaps (5 %)]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025348 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Stachybotrys ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Fusarium boothii 155/*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUH LVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 46 strains including the outgroup; 584 characters including alignment JDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUH alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TNe+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. 7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 0-:LQJ¿HOG'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\*HQHWLFVDQG0LFURELRORJ\)RUHVWU\DQG$JULFXOWXUDO%LRWHFKQRORJ\,QVWLWXWH )$%, 8QLYHUVLW\RI 3UHWRULD3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFDHPDLOPLNHZLQJ¿HOG#IDELXSDF]D 93.9/85 94.6/85 93.6/100 100/96 81.2/83 97.8/98 78.1/84 94.4/94 97.2/94 Fusarium boothii NRRL 29011NR_121203 Achroiostachys phyllophila MUCL 53217NR_154711 Achroiostachys humicola CBS 868.73NR_145065 Achroiostachys levigata CBS 185.79NR_145066 Achroiostachys saccharicola CBS 268.76NR_145067 Achroiostachys betulicola MUCL 4167NR_145064 Achroiostachys aurantispora DAOM 225565NR_154710 Memnoniella oenanthes ATCC 22844AF081473 Memnoniella celtidis MFLU 19-2759NR_174845 Memnoniella sinensis YMF 1.05582MK773576 Memnoniella pseudodichroa BCRC FU31689NR_189391 Memnoniella dichroa ATCC 18913AF081472 Memnoniella dichroa ICMP 18499PQ214307 Memnoniella longistipitata ATCC 22699NR_155358 Memnoniella chromolaenae MFLUCC 17-1507NR_168873 Memnoniella oblongispora MFLU 17-1470MT310665 Stachybotrys conicosiae sp. nov. CPC 49177 Stachybotrys microspora CBS 186.79KU846737 Stachybotrys globosa LAMIC 0011/10KF626483 Stachybotrys microspora ATCC 18852AF081475 Stachybotrys dolichophialis DAOMC 227011KU846734 Stachybotrys subcylindrosporus HGUP 0201KC305354 Stachybotrys limonispora CBS 128809NR_156604 Stachybotrys zeae HGUP 0143KC305346 Stachybotrys chartarum DAOM 183927JN942889 Stachybotrys breviuscula HGUP 0204KC305320 Stachybotrys yunnanensis HGUP 0745KC305322 Stachybotrys chartarum CBS 182.80NR_145083 Stachybotrys pallescens HGUP 0146KC305345 Brevistachys lateralis CPC 17350KU846043 Stachybotrys chartarum HGUP 0479KC305347 Stachybotrys chartarum IFM41781LC600752 Stachybotrys subreniformis HGUP 1051KC305348 Stachybotrys chlorohalonatus KUNCC 22-12468OP876728 Melanopsamma pomiformis CBS 136177OR600307 Stachybotrys chlorohalonatus DAOM 235557JN942888 Stachybotrys phaeophialis KAS 525KU846738 Stachybotrys chlorohalonatus CBS 109285NR_163509 Stachybotrys breviuscula HGUP 0106KC305229 Stachybotrys breviuscula HGUP 0205KC305342 Stachybotrys akesuensis HGUP 0119KC305310 Stachybotrys terrestris HGUP 0488KC305289 Stachybotrys kampalensis HGUP 0172KC305264 Stachybotrys mangiferae HGUP 0158KC305253 Stachybotrys akesuensis HGUP 0140KC305244 Stachybotrys breviuscula HGUP 0186KC305272 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 349 Wiesneriomyces soli Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025350 Fungal Planet 1787 MB 859201 Wiesneriomyces soli Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the substrate it was isolated from, soil. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Wiesneriomycetaceae, Wiesneriomycetales, Dothideomycetes. Conidiomata VSRURGRFKLDO VHSWDWH RQ GDUN SVHXGRSDUHQFK\PDWRXV VWDONSetae subulate, apex acute, ±VHSWDWH WKLFNZDOOHG EURZQ XS WR —P WDOO ± μm wide at base. Conidiophores erect, branched, pale brown, smooth, up to 50 μm tall, 3–4 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells terminal, clavate, hyaline, 8–12 × 3–4 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, slightly curved, cylindrical, (60–)65–75(– 80) × (2.5–)3 μm, with 5–8 cells, separated by short isthmi, ends cells acutely rounded; individual cells 8–10 μm long, except apical cell shorter, 3–8 μm long. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Caraça, from soil, Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous [holotype CBS H-25712; culture ex-type COAD 3995 = CPC 47992; ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 VHFRQGSDUW VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PV664928.1, PV664955.1, PV664019.1 and PV664042.1]. Notes: Species of Wiesneriomyces occur in tropical areas, are saprobic, and are mostly found on leaf litter. Wiesneriomyces soli is phylogenetically close to W. laurinus (conidiomata with LQFXUYHG VHWDH DULVLQJ IURP D VSRURGRFKLDO VWDON FRQLGLDO FHOOV±ȝPORQJ±ȝPZLGH EXWGLVWLQFWLQODFNLQJ incurved setae, and having shorter individual conidial propagules (Suetrong et al. 2014). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Wiesneriomyces laurinus [strain '$20*HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV  @Wiesneriomyces javanicus [strain ,&03  *HQ%DQN 25 ,GHQWLWLHV   (96 %), seven gaps (1 %)], and Speiropsis pedatospora >VWUDLQ -%G *HQ%DQN0= ,GHQWLWLHV   (96 %), eight gaps (1 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Wiesneriomyces javanicus [strain YMF1.04036, *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], Wiesneriomyces laurinus >VWUDLQ%&&*HQ%DQN KJ425458.1; Identities = 832/834 (99 %), no gaps], and Phalangispora constricta >VWUDLQ <0) *HQ%DQN MH031751.1; Identities = 838/852 (98 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGKLJKHVWVLPLODULW\ to Wiesneriomyces javanicus >VWUDLQ<0)*HQ%DQN MK267286.1; Identities = 872/904 (96 %), no gaps], Setosynnema yunnanense >VWUDLQ <0) *HQ%DQN MK267284.1; Identities = 803/903 (89 %), no gaps], and Phalangispora constricta >VWUDLQ <0) *HQ%DQN MK049171.1; Identities = 619/725 (85 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had highest similarity to Wiesneriomyces javanicus >*HQ%DQN MK267293.1; Identities = 828/850 (97 %), one gap (0 %)], Wiesneriomyces laurinus >VWUDLQ0)/8&&*HQ%DQN MT050455.1; Identities = 812/850 (96 %), no gaps], and Setosynnema yunnanense >*HQ%DQN0.,GHQWLWLHV = 807/863 (94 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Colour illustrations: +LNLQJ WUDLO LQ &DUDoD 0LQDV *HUDLV %UD]LO Colony sporulating on oatmeal agar; conidiomata with setae; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 351 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Wiesneriomyces ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to 7XEHX¿DORQJLVHWD 0)/8&&*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHG KHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 40 strains including the outgroup; 670 characters including alignment JDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUH alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2e+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per VLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  99.4/89 99.9/100 95.7/81 100/100 97.1/79 100/100 97.9/76 97.4/76 97.3/80 100/100 100/100 99.1/99 75.6/100 99.9/100 93.1/100 83.2/76 93.5/89 98.9/100 99.9/100 Tubeufia longiseta MFLUCC 15-0188NR_154512 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” CBS 101058KR822217 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” F8146MN429199 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” CBS 101143KR822215 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” MUCL41042KR822216 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” LAMIC033512KR822210 Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis MFLUCC 20-0041NR_174832 Parawiesneriomyces syzygii CBS 141333NR_145405 Pseudogliophragma indicum MTCC 11985NR_132085 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” CBS 506.48KR822212 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” MUCL41162KR822214 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” LAMIC028512KR822213 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” MFLU2322OR659468 Speiropsis pedatospora CBS 397.59NR_145393 Speiropsis pedatospora GUFCC 18008KU563769 Speiropsis scopiformis LAMIC005013KR822205 Speiropsis scopiformis LAMIC005111KR822206 Speiropsis scopiformis LAMIC002810KR822203 Speiropsis scopiformis LAMIC010611KR822204 Speiropsis scopiformis LAMIC004712KR822202 Speiropsis scopiformis LAMIC007206KR822201 Heveicola xishuangbannaensis KUMCC 21-0086MZ803113 Heveicola xishuangbannaensis KUMCC 21-0087MZ803122 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” ST015MH512974 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” ZHKUCC 22-0008OM780284 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” ZHKUCC 22-0009OM780286 Phalangispora constricta MUCL 40953KY558280 Phalangispora nawawii LAMIC041712KR822207 Setosynnema yunnanense YMF1.03964NR_176210 Wiesneriomyces sp. KUNCC 24-18022PQ168235 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” LAMIC028912KR822208 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” LAMIC036112KR822209 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” X143MK304226 Wiesneriomyces soli sp. nov. CPC 47992 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” DAOM 250029KP057801 “Speiropsis pedatospora” IPBCC 11.754MZ396873 Wiesneriomyces javanicus ICMP 13181OR543704 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” MFLUCC 17-0076MN168764 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” MFLUCC 19-0073MW063176 “Wiesneriomyces laurinus” NCYUCC 19-0135MW063177 0.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025352 Exophiala aeris Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 353 Fungal Planet 1788 MB 859202 Exophiala aeris &URXV -XUMHYLüsp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the fact that it was isolated from air via a settle plate method. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes. Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched, 1.5–2 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to lateral phialidic pegs on hyphae, or erect subcylindrical, XQEUDQFKHG±VHSWDWHVWUDLJKWWRÀH[XRXVXSWR—PWDOO 2.5–3 μm wide, normally constricted at septa. Conidiogenous cells ellipsoid to fusoid-ellipsoid, pale brown, smooth, 3–6 × 2.5–3 μm, with cylindrical phialidic peg, 1–2 × 1 μm. Conidia solitary, aggregating in mucoid mass, pale brown, smooth, guttulate, ellipsoid, (3–)4(–5) × (1.5–)2.5(–3) μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching PPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($&<$3'$DQG2$ VXUIDFHDQG UHYHUVHGDUNPRXVHJUH\1RJURZWKDW ƒ& on CYA. Typus: USA 0DVVDFKXVHWWV 6SULQJ¿HOG OLYLQJ URRP DLU VHWWOH plate), Feb. 2024, = -XUMHYLü, 5920 [holotype CBS H-25730; culture ex-type CPC 48143 = CBS 151647; ITS and tef1 ¿UVWSDUW  VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39@ Notes: Exophiala is a genus of Herpotrichiellaceae with PHPEHUVWKDWDUHXVXDOO\UHIHUUHGWRDVEODFN\HDVWV6SHFLHV DUH NQRZQ WR KDYH ZLGH KRVW UDQJHV DQG FKDUDFWHUL]HG by annelidic phialides that give rise to mucoid heads of pigmented conidia. Exophiala aeris is phylogenetically distinct from other members in this complex. The genus Exophiala is polyphyletic and in need of revision. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Exophiala moniliae [strain CBS  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV   (86 %), 32 gaps (6 %)], Capronia kleinmondensis [strain &%6*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV  (86 %), 29 gaps (5 %)], and Capronia leucadendri [strain &%6*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV  (86 %), 29 gaps (5 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW  sequence had highest similarity to Exophiala nishimurae >VWUDLQ,)0*HQ%DQN/&,GHQWLWLHV  (83 %), 11 gaps (4 %)], Exophiala bergeri [strain RBG7236, *HQ%DQN23,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (4 %)], and Dermatocarpon miniatum [strain AFTOL-ID 91, *HQ%DQN '4 ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (1 %)]. Colour illustrations: /LYLQJ URRP LQ 6SULQJ¿HOG 0$ 86$ Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA. Scale bars = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025354 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO ä-XUMHYLü 6%DODVKRY(06/$QDO\WLFDO,QF5RXWH1RUWK&LQQDPLQVRQ1-86$ HPDLO]MXUMHYLF#HPVOFRP VEDODVKRY#HPVOFRP 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Exophiala ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Penicillium coffeae 155/*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHG KHUH LV KLJKOLJKWHGZLWK D FRORXUHG EORFN DQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 23 strains including the outgroup; 634 characters LQFOXGLQJDOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHO LGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQW LQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV7,0)*7KHVFDOHEDUVKRZVWKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURI QXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  0/100 0/87 0/71 93.7/100 98.7/99 0/100 98.6/100 99.8/90 86.6/95 91.2/79 78.8/76 Penicillium coffeae NRRL 35363NR_121312 Exophiala dermatitidis CBS 207.35NR_121268 Exophiala phaeomuriformis CBS 131.88AJ244259 Exophiala dermatitidis IFM63808LC317588 Exophiala dermatitidis ISHAM-ITS ID MITS1544KP132043 Exophiala “phaeomuriformis” CBS 150151OR387066 Exophiala sp. SBUG-Y 2223 (P39K1)OR335328 Exophiala heteromorpha CBS 232.33AY857524 Exophiala heteromorpha CCFEE 6240MZ573439 Exophiala heteromorpha CCFEE 6243MZ573440 Exophiala aeris sp. nov. CPC 48143 Exophiala jeanselmei CBS 507.90NR_111129 Exophiala moniliae CBS 520.76NR_111448 Exophiala sp. 2010wo 32HE998726 Exophiala “jeanselmei” IHEM 15172OW985139 Melanchlenus eumetabolus CBS 264.49NR_154143 Capronia leucadendri CBS 122672NR_156212 Capronia kleinmondensis CBS 122671NR_156211 Rhinocladiella atrovirens SR46MK911679 Rhinocladiella atrovirens WRCF-AB3AY618683 Rhinocladiella atrovirens IHEM 18630OW985724 Rhinocladiella atrovirens CBS 317.33MH855447 Authentic Rhinocladiella atrovirens IFM 4931AB091215 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 355 Sphaerulina brabeji Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025356 Fungal Planet 1789 MB 859203 Sphaerulina brabeji Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was isolated from, Brabejum. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Conidiomata erumpent, pycnidial solitary, 250–300 μm GLDP ZDOO RI ± OD\HUV RI GDUN EURZQ WH[WXUD DQJXODULV. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous, branched at base or not, or reduced to conidiogenous cells, 0–2-septate, 20–30 × 5–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal or intercalary, hyaline, smooth, proliferating percurrently or sympodially, 10–20 × 3–5 μm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, VWUDLJKWWRÀH[XRXVZLWKDSLFDOWDSHUDSH[VXEREWXVHEDVH truncate, 2–2.5 μm, 1–8-septate, (38–)60–70(–75) × 2.5–3 μm; undergoing microcyclic conidiation in culture. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey. Typus: South Africa, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, Kirstenbosch, on twigs of Brabejum stellatifolium (Proteaceae), 22 Nov. 2023, P.W. Crous, HPC 4334 [holotype CBS H-25719; culture ex-type CPC 48020 = CBS 153463; ITS, LSU, actA, cmdA, rpb2, tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  DQG tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 PV664956.1, PV664002.1, PV664008.1, PV664020.1, PV664032.1 and PV664050.1]. Notes: Sphaerulina contains numerous leaf spot pathogens that can easily be confused with species of Septoria, also KDYLQJ P\FRVSKDHUHOODOLNH VH[XDO PRUSKV Sphaerulina brabeji is phylogenetically related to Sphaerulina hyperici [on Hypericum VSS FRQLGLD ± ±  î ± ȝP ± ± VHSWDWH9HUNOH\et al. 2013], but distinct in having ORQJHUFRQLGLDZLWKPRUHVHSWD7KLVLVWKH¿UVWSphaerulina sp. reported from Brabejum. %DVHGRQDPHJDEODVWVHDUFKRI1&%,¶V*HQ%DQNQXFOHRWLGH database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Sphaerulina hyperici [strain CBS 102313, *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV      ¿YH JDSV   @ Sphaerulina berberidis [strain FC-4020, *HQ%DQN /& ,GHQWLWLHV      WKUHH gaps (0 %)], and Sphaerulina cercidis [strain CBS 128634, *HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV   WZRJDSV (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Sphaerulina azaleae >VWUDLQ .$&& *HQ%DQN 0. Identities = 839/840 (99 %), no gaps], Sphaerulina patriniae >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV  839/840 (99 %), no gaps], and Sphaerulina chaenomelis [as Pseudocercosporella chaenomelis; strain CBS 131897, *HQ%DQN *8 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Sphaerulina azaleae [strain KACC 44227, *HQ%DQN 0. ,GHQWLWLHV      RQH gap (0 %)], Sphaerulina cercidis [strain CBS 118910, *HQ%DQN.),GHQWLWLHV   RQHJDS (0 %)], and Septoria salicicola >VWUDLQ&3&*HQ%DQN MT223757.1; Identities = 501/553 (91 %), three gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the cmdA sequence had highest similarity to Sphaerulina socia >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN KF254284.1; Identities = 374/400 (94 %), two gaps (0 %)], Sphaerulina berberidis >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN KF254253.1; Identities = 393/433 (91 %), nine gaps (2 %)], and Sphaerulina chaenomelis [strain MUCC:1510, *HQ%DQN 25 ,GHQWLWLHV      QLQH gaps (2 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFH had highest similarity to Mycosphaerella harthensis [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN 0) ,GHQWLWLHV   (89 %), two gaps (0 %)], Sphaerulina koreana [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV   (87 %), no gaps], and Sphaerulina berberidis [strain En26-  *HQ%DQN 2. ,GHQWLWLHV      four gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  sequence had highest similarity to Sphaerulina socia [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV   (91 %), two gaps (0 %)], Sphaerulina chaenomelis [voucher *8&&*HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV   @DQGSphaerulina gei [strain CBS *HQ%DQN.),GHQWLWLHV    two gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Sphaerulina socia [strain CBS 355.58, *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)], Sphaerulina berberidis [strain CBS 324.52, *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)], and Sphaerulina juglandis [strain MUCC *HQ%DQN25 ,GHQWLWLHV     eight gaps (2 %)]. Colour illustrations: Leaves of Brabejum stellatifolium, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa. Conidiomata sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 357 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Sphaerulina ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla &%6*HQ%DQN.) DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHG KHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 33 strains including the outgroup; 584 characters including alignment JDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUH alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TN+F+I+R2. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per VLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  99.9/100 97.7/100 95/81 100/100 0/78 100/100 93.3/100 95.7/88 95.2/99 74.6/99 96.5/98 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113265KF251329 Sphaerulina salicicola CPC 36561NR_170065 Sphaerulina salicicola CPC 36770MT223844 Sphaerulina tirolensis CBS 109017KF251637 Sphaerulina tirolensis CBS 109018NR_145112 Sphaerulina oxyacanthae CBS 135098KF251252 Sphaerulina pelargonii CPC 24151NR_137936 Sphaerulina westendorpii ICMP 21641MK432808 Sphaerulina westendorpii CBS 109002NR_145113 Sphaerulina westendorpii CBS 102327KF251640 Sphaerulina westendorpii CBS 117478KF251642 Sphaerulina brabeji sp. nov. CPC 48020 Sphaerulina cornicola CBS 116778KF251612 Sphaerulina cornicola CBS 102324KF251610 Sphaerulina cornicola CBS 102332KF251611 Sphaerulina myriadea CBS 124646KF251251 Sphaerulina myriadea JCM 15565JF770455 Sphaerulina socia CBS 355.58KF251632 Sphaerulina socia CBS 357.58KF251633 Sphaerulina vaccinii DAOMC 252344MN073848 Sphaerulina hyperici CBS 102313NR_147271 Sphaerulina populi CBS 391.59KF251625 Sphaerulina populicola CBS 100051AY152586 Sphaerulina populicola CBS 100042EU167578 Sphaerulina populicola CBS 100052AY152584 Sphaerulina populicola CBS 100045AY152583 Sphaerulina populicola CBS 100047AY152587 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 130570MH865827 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 130559KF251619 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 130569KF251622 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 133247MH866064 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 130562KF251620 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 130563KF251621 0.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025358 Neodendryphiella agapanthi Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 359 Fungal Planet 1790 MB 859204 Neodendryphiella agapanthi Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Agapanthus praecox on University of Viçosa campus, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was isolated from, Agapanthus. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Mycelium of smooth, hyaline, branched, septate, 2.5–3 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores VROLWDU\ ÀH[XRXV VXEF\OLQGULFDO DULVLQJ IURP VXSHU¿FLDO K\SKDH EURZQ WKLFNZDOOHG YHUUXFXORVH JXWWXODWH XS WR  —P WDOO ± μm wide, multiseptate, unbranched or branched at apex. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical to subclavate, brown, verruculose, terminal and intercalary, polytretic (1–4), SRUHV GDUNHQHG WKLFNHQHG ± —P GLDP Conidia in branched chains, brown, verruculose, guttulate, straight ZLWK REWXVH HQGV SRUHV WKLFNHQHG GDUNHQHG ± —P diam.; ramoconidia 1–3-septate, 15–17 × (5–)6 μm; conidia 1–2-septate, (9–)11–13(–15) × 5(–6) μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($VXUIDFH honey, reverse isabelline; on PDA and OA surface and reverse umber. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, University of Viçosa campus, from VWDONV RI Agapanthus praecox (Amaryllidaceae), Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4392 (holotype CBS H-25710; culture ex-type COAD 3989 = &3&,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39 and PV664957.1). Notes: Neodendryphiella was introduced as a new genus for a phylogenetically distinct lineage resembling Dendryphiella in general morphology. Neodendryphiella agapanthi is phylogentically close to N. mali, although the latter has ODUJHUUDPRFRQLGLD ± ± ± î±ȝPDQGVPDOOHU ± VHSWDWHFRQLGLD±î±ȝP ,WXUULHWD*RQ]iOH]et al. 2018). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Neodendryphiella mali [strain FMR *HQ%DQN/7,GHQWLWLHV    one gap (0 %)], and more distant hits to Atrocalyx nordicus >VWUDLQ0$/*HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV  (89 %), 11 gaps (2 %)], and Lophiostoma cynaroidis >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN (8 ,GHQWLWLHV  343/387 (89 %), 11 gaps (2 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Neodendryphiella mali [strain FMR 17003, *HQ%DQN /7 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], Diplococcium asperum >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN EF204493.1; Identities = 772/774 (99 %), no gaps], and Neodendryphiella brassaiopsidis [strain ZHKUCC 23-0879, *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025360 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Neodendryphiella ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Vrystaatia aloeicola &%6*HQ%DQN.) DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 23 strains including the outgroup; 579 characters including DOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HG for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2e+R2. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  99.5/99 93.1/87 99.6/100 98.9/100 0/100 87.5/82 98.5/100 72.6/88 87.7/83 96.6/85 87.4/87 96.9/98 99.4/100 Vrystaatia aloeicola CBS 135107KF251278 Pseudocoleophoma guizhouensis MFLU 18-2262OR225073 Dendryphiella fasciculata MFLUCC 17-1074NR_154044 Dendryphiella vinosa MFLU 20-0444 MT907477 Neodendryphiella tarraconensis FMR 16234NR_160582 Neodendryphiella tarraconensis GZCC 20-0002MN999922 Neodendryphiella tarraconensis KUNCC 23-14015PQ671207 Neodendryphiella brassaiopsidis ZHKUCC 23-0879OR365455 Neodendryphiella michoacanensis FMR 16098NR_160583 Neodendryphiella agapanthi sp. nov. CPC 47896 Neodendryphiella mali FMR 16561LT906655 Neodendryphiella mali FMR 17003LT993734 Dictyosporium karsti MFLU 18-2282OR225025 Dictyosporium nigroapice MFLUCC 17-2053MH381768 Dictyosporium meiosporum MFLUCC 10-0131KP710944 Dictyosporium olivaceosporum UESTCC 01.0277PV383383 Dictyosporium fluminicola KUNCC 23-17212PQ038338 Dictyocheirospora chiangmaiensis XAZC21aPQ608288 Vikalpa sphaerica CGMCC 3.20682OP526639 Vikalpa dujuanhuensis KUNCC 23-13398OR589340 Vikalpa dujuanhuensis KUNCC 23-14559OR589339 Vikalpa dujuanhuensis KUNCC 23-13832PQ671210 Vikalpa dujuanhuensis KUNCC 23-13842PQ671209 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 361 Parapenidiella melastomatis Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025362 Colour illustrations: Leaves of Melastoma sp., Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Fungal Planet 1791 MB 859205 Parapenidiella melastomatis Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the host family it was isolated from, Melastomataceae. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Teratosphaeriaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Mycelum consisting of olivaceous, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5–2 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, solitary, integrated, subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, 10–30 × 1.5–2 μm, with WHUPLQDO RU ODWHUDO VFDU WKLFNHQHG GDUNHQHG  —P GLDP Conidia in branched chains, pale brown, smooth, guttulate, IXVRLGHOOLSVRLG KLOD WKLFNHQHG GDUNHQHG  —P GLDP ramoconidia 10–20 × 2–3 μm; conidia aseptate, (8–)9–12 × 2–3 μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface and reverse isabelline. Typus: Brazil0LQDV*HUDLV&DUDoDRQOLYLQJOHDYHVRIXQLGHQWL¿HG Melastomataceae, Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4402 [holotype CBS H-25716; culture ex-type COAD 3990 = CPC 48006; ITS, LSU, actA and tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 PV664958.1, PV664003.1 and PV664033.1]. Notes: Parapenidiella is distinguished by having pale brown, unbranched, penicillate conidiophores, with olivaceous to pale brown, branched conidial chains. Parapenidiella melastomatis is phylogenetically close to P. tasmaniensis, although the latter has larger, 0(–1)-septate, (4–)8–12(–20) î±ȝPFRQLGLD &URXVet al. 2012). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Parapenidiella tasmaniensis [strain %6 *HQ%DQN $< ,GHQWLWLHV   (88 %), 30 gaps (5 %)], Parapenidiella pseudotasmaniensis >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV  448/511 (88 %), 31 gaps (6 %)], and Teratoramularia rumicis >VWUDLQ 1)&&,  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV = 358/415 (86 %), 20 gaps (4 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Parapenidiella tasmaniensis [strain CBS *HQ%DQN'4,GHQWLWLHV    one gap (0 %)], Parapenidiella pseudotasmaniensis [strain &%6*HQ%DQN1*B ,GHQWLWLHV  (99 %), one gap (0 %)], and Teratoramularia kurodachikae >VWUDLQ %5,3 D *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV = 848/869 (98 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Teratoramularia LQ¿QLWD >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN .; Identities = 448/496 (90 %), three gaps (0 %)], Ramularia hydrangeae-macrophyllae >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN KX287738.1; Identities = 450/498 (90 %), seven gaps (1 %)], and Ramularia acroptili >VWUDLQ&3&*HQ%DQN KX287593.1; Identities = 449/498 (90 %), seven gaps (1 %)]. A blast2 comparison against the available sequences of Parapenidiella tasmaniensis *HQ%DQN '4 DQ147677.1, KF903451.1, KF903469.1, and KF903562.1) revealed a similarity of 81.5 to 88.5 %. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGGLVWDQWSDUWLDOVLPLODULW\WR Pseudocercospora victoriae >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN PP405007.1; Identities = 176/191 (92 %), three gaps (1 %)], Pseudophaeophleospora phormii [strain CBS *HQ%DQN0.,GHQWLWLHV    one gap (0 %)], and Zasmidium fructigenum >*HQ%DQN OM165025.1; Identities = 170/184 (92 %), one gap (0 %)]. A blast2 comparison against the available sequences of Parapenidiella tasmaniensis *HQ%DQN '4 DQ235122.1, KF903150.1, KF903151.1, and KF903152.1) UHYHDOHG D VLPLODULW\ RI   *HQ%DQN '4 '4 WR *HQ%DQN.)  Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 363 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Parapenidiella ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Dissoconium aciculare 67(8*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHG KHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 24 strains including the outgroup; 547 characters including alignment JDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUH alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2+F+I. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. 7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 99.1/98 100/100 93/91 99.5/100 0/94 99.6/100 92.9/95 92/100 90.2/93 77.3/99 93.7/99 Dissoconium aciculare STEU 1534NR_119427 Hyweljonesia queenslandica BRIP 61322bNR_154095 Hyweljonesia indica NFCCI 4146NR_164021 Juncomyces californiensis CPC 37993MT373369 Juncomyces californiensis CBS 146682NR_170828 Parapenidiella melastomatis sp. nov. CPC 48006 Parapenidiella tasmaniensis CBS 111681KX287298 Parapenidiella pseudotasmaniensis CBS 124991NR_156528 Parapenidiella tasmaniensis CBS 111687KF901521 Parapenidiella tasmaniensis TC 0.39AY534228 Parapenidiella tasmaniensis CBS 114556DQ267592 Parapenidiella tasmaniensis BS10/2/3AY045510 Parapenidiella tasmaniensis MURU 323DQ784689 Teratoramularia kirschneriana CBS 113093NR_154473 Teratoramularia infinita CBS 141104NR_154515 Teratoramularia infinita CBS 120815KX287544 Teratoramularia persicariae CBS 141105NR_154516 Teratoramularia persicariae CPC 11408KX287546 Teratoramularia persicariae CPC 11409KX287547 Teratoramularia rumicicola KACC49859OL711641 Teratoramularia rumicicola KACC48687MN886527 Teratoramularia rumicis NFCCI 5008NR_174642 Teratoramularia rumicicola CBS 141106NR_154517 Teratoramularia rumicicola CPC 14652KX287549 0.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025364 Pararamichloridium ouropretoense Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 365 Fungal Planet 1792 MB 859206 Pararamichloridium ouropretoense Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: /LYLQJ OHDYHV RI XQLGHQWL¿HG Poaceae, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to Ouro Preto, Brazil, the historic town where this fungus was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pararamichloridiaceae, Pararamichloridiales, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5–2 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores arising from VXSHU¿FLDO K\SKDH VROLWDU\ HUHFW ÀH[XRXV VXEF\OLQGULFDO XQEUDQFKHG EURZQ WKLFNZDOOHG VPRRWK ±VHSWDWH 50–150 × 4–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells 35–50 × 2–3 μm, integrated, terminal, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, IRUPLQJDUDFKLVZLWKSLPSOHOLNHGHQWLFOHV±î—P Conidia solitary, aseptate, ellipsoid, guttulate, medium brown, covered in mucoid sheath giving conidia warty appearance, (6–)7(–8) × (3–)3.5(–4) μm. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($VXUIDFH ochreous, reverse umber; on PDA surface and reverse pale luteous; on OA surface buff. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, on living leaves of XQLGHQWL¿HG Poaceae, Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4405 (holotype CBS H-25717; culture ex-type COAD 3991 = CPC 48008; ITS and /68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: Pararamichloridium LV D UDPLFKORULGLXPOLNH JHQXV that presently includes four species. Pararamichloridium ouropretoense is phylogenetically close to P. caricicola, but distinct in that the latter has slightly smaller conidia, (4–)6–  ±  î  ±  ȝP DQG VKRUWHU FRQLGLRSKRUHV ± î ±ȝP &URXVet al. 2018a). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pararamichloridium caricicola [strain &%6*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV  (88 %), 23 gaps (3 %)], Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum >VWUDLQ*=$$6*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV = 506/579 (87 %), 29 gaps (5 %)], and Pararamichloridium verrucosum >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 15B Identities = 496/574 (86 %), 44 gaps (7 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pararamichloridium verrucosum >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV  820/839 (98 %), no gaps], Pararamichloridium caricicola >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV = 842/862 (98 %), no gaps], and Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum >VWUDLQ *=$$6  *HQ%DQN NG_228929.1; Identities = 841/862 (98 %), no gaps]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025366 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Pararamichloridium ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense &%6*HQ%DQN15B  DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 10 strains including the outgroup; 632 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 244 distinct patterns, 134 parsimony-informative, 87 singleton sites, 411 constant sites. The best- ¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV7,0)*7KHVFDOHEDUVKRZVWKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHU RIQXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 93.5/76 91.3/79 100/100 99.9/99 94.7/100 76.3/100 Phaeoacremonium venezuelense CBS 651.85NR_136062 Pararamichloridium ouropretoense sp. nov. CPC 48008 Pararamichloridium “caricicola” UWR 161MN654353 Pararamichloridium livistonae CPC 32152MK442606 Pararamichloridium livistonae CPC 32156NR_156652 Pararamichloridium verrucosum CBS 128.86NR_156653 Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum GZCC 21-0668NR_185675 Pararamichloridium caricicola HKAS 130439OR589315 Pararamichloridium caricicola CPC 34533NR_161130 Pararamichloridium sp. BCC THA 91788OR081419 0.01 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 367 Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025368 Fungal Planet 1793 MB 859207 Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: View from Sugarloaf Mountain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to the city where it was collected, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Mycelium consisting of brown, smooth, branched, septate, 2–2.5 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, VXEF\OLQGULFDO XQEUDQFKHG VWUDLJKW WR ÀH[XRXV EURZQ smooth, reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae without basal septum, or 1-septate, with septum in bottom third of conidiophore, 7–45 × 3–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells 7–40 × 3–5 μm, integrated, terminal, brown, smooth, with prominent V\PSRGLDOGHQWLFOHVVFDUVFLFDWUL]HGVOLJKWO\GDUNHQHGRUQRW 0.5–1 μm diam. Conidia solitary, brown, guttulate, straight, medianly 1-septate, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, tapering at EDVHWRWUXQFDWHKLOXP—PGLDPVOLJKWO\GDUNHQHGPRVWO\ solitary, rarely in chains of two conidia, (12–)13–15(–16) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface and reverse umber. Typus: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, on living leaves of native bamboo (Poaceae), Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4404 [holotype CBS H-25720; culture ex-type COAD 3992 = CPC 48026; ITS, LSU, tef1 ¿UVWSDUW DQGtub2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN3939 PV664034.1 and PV664051.1]. Notes: Parafusicladium has erect, solitary, subcylindrical, EURZQ WR GDUN EURZQ FRQLGLRSKRUHV ZLWK VPRRWK EURZQ denticulate conidiogenous cells, and cylindrical to subcylindrical, subhyaline to pale brown conidia (Shen et al. 2020). Parafusicladium riodejaneiro is phylogenetically close to P. amoenum (conidia fusoid, 0–1-septate, in simple chains, (6.0–)10.5–12.8(–17.3) × (1.5–)2.4–3.0(–3.8) μm; Ho et al. 1999), but differs in conidial morphology. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Parafusicladium amoenum [strain &%6*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV   (97 %), three gaps (0 %)], Parafusicladium paraamoenum >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV = 512/533 (96 %), six gaps (1 %)], and Parafusicladium intermedium >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV   @ Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Parafusicladium amoenum >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV  852/855 (99 %), no gaps], Fusicladium eucalyptigenum >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0. ,GHQWLWLHV  720/728 (99 %), no gaps], and Fusicladium intermedium >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN (8 ,GHQWLWLHV  848/858 (99 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGGLVWDQWKLJKHVWVLPLODULW\WRCurvularia hawaiiensis >VWUDLQ '8&& *HQ%DQN 25 Identities = 148/167 (89 %), no gaps], Curvularia lunata >YRXFKHU &5%-' $ *HQ%DQN 07 ,GHQWLWLHV = 143/159 (90 %), no gaps], and Helminthosporium juglandinum >VWUDLQ / *HQ%DQN .< ,GHQWLWLHV = 276/365 (76 %), 31 gaps (8 %)]. A blast2 comparison EHWZHHQRXUVHTXHQFHDQGWKUHHXQYHUL¿HGParafusicladium tef1 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 0.±0.  RQ *HQ%DQNUHYHDOHGDQDYHUDJHVHTXHQFHVLPLODULW\RI Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Paraconiothyrium bonneyae [voucher GZAAS 23-0804, *HQ%DQN25,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (5 %)], Paraconiothyrium salinum >VWUDLQ&0**HQ%DQN MN380479.1; Identities = 396/503 (79 %), 16 gaps (3 %)], and Curreya pityophila >VWUDLQ87+6&',*HQ%DQN LT796981.1; Identities = 380/479 (79 %), 16 gaps (3 %)]. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 369 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Parafusicladium ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla &%6*HQ%DQN.) DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHGKHUH LVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: nine strains including the outgroup; 532 characters LQFOXGLQJDOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHO LGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV71H*7KHVFDOHEDUVKRZVWKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURIQXFOHRWLGH VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  100/100 89.3/69 93.4/97 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113265KF251220 Veronaeopsis simplex CBS 129373MH865233 Veronaeopsis simplex CBS 588.66NR_164225 Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum sp. nov. CPC 48026 Parafusicladium amoenum ATCC 200947AF393682 Parafusicladium amoenum CBS 254.95NR_168748 Parafusicladium intermedium CBS 110746NR_168749 Parafusicladium paraamoenum CPC 25596NR_155093 Fusicladium eucalyptigenum CBS 145543NR_1655620.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025370 Stylonectria hygrophila Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 371 Fungal Planet 1794 MB 859208 Stylonectria hygrophila Mombert & Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Forest in Réserve Naturelle de la Grande Pile, France. Asci and ascospores; perithecia; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA. Scale bars: perithecia = 300 μm, all others = 10 μm. Etymology: The name refers to the occurrence of this species in a marshy locality. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. Ascomata perithecial, gregarious, in groups of 2–16, RU VROLWDU\ HUXPSHQW WR VXSHU¿FLDO ZLWK EDVH UHPDLQLQJ LPPHUVHG LQ D K\SRVWURPD RI IXVDULXPOLNH VSRURGRFKLD arising from dead pyrenomycetes, broadly pyriform, 240– ȝPKLJK±ȝPGLDP DY±ȝPQ   ZLWK D GLVFRLG SDSLOOD UHG WR GDUN UHG WXUQLQJ GDUN SXUSOH in 5 % KOH, yellow in lactic acid, not collapsing when dry. Ascomatal wall VPRRWK ±XP WKLFN FRPSRVHGRI WZR UHJLRQVRXWHU UHJLRQ±ȝP WKLFNRI LUUHJXODUO\VKDSHG WKLFNZDOOHGFHOOVRIWH[WXUDLQWULFDWDWRWH[WXUDHSLGHUPRLGHD LQQHU UHJLRQ ± ȝP WKLFN RI WKLQZDOOHG ÀDWWHQHG FHOOV of textura prismatica to textura angularis. Asci unitunicate, VXEF\OLQGULFDO±î±ȝPVSRUHGDSLFHVURXQGHG and simple, uniseriate; evanescent, narrowly moniliform paraphyses, interspersed between asci. Ascospores ellipsoidal, 1-septate, often constricted at septum, (9.4–)9.6–  ±  î ± ± ±  ȝP DY   î  ȝP Q   4 ±± VPRRWKWKLFNZDOOHGK\DOLQHDW ¿UVWEHFRPLQJSDOHJROGHQEURZQDWPDWXULW\ PHDVXUHPHQWV from discharged mature ascospores). Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–2.5 μm diam. K\SKDH &U\VWDOOLQH VSRURGRFKLD VXSHU¿FLDO RQ &/$ Conidiophores solitary or aggregated in clusters to form sporodochia reduced to conidiogenous cells or 1–2-septate, branched, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 10–40 × 2–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, monophialidic, straight to curved, subcylindrical with apical taper, 10–20 × 2–3 μm, with inconspicuous collarette. Conidia solitary, aggregating in mucoid mass, hyaline, smooth, fusoid, apex subobtuse, curved, base tapered to truncate hilum, (0–)1-septate, (10– )22–27(–30) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm; larger conidia develop a slight constriction in the basal cell, appearing as a poorly developed foot cell, but mostly absent, along with chlamydospores and microconidia. Culture characteristics&RORQLHVÀDWVSUHDGLQJZLWKVSDUVH aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 17 mm GLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG2$VXUIDFHDQG reverse saffron. Typus: France, Haute-Saône (70), Saint-Germain, Réserve 1DWXUHOOHGH OD*UDQGH3LOHRQXQLGHQWL¿HGDiaporthales, on dead twigs of Betula pubescens (Betulaceae), ƒ1ƒ( 326 m a.s.l., 12 Mar. 2024, A. Mombert, CBNM0079 (holotype CBS H-25722; ex-type culture CPC 48036 = CBS 153465; ITS and LSU VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: Stylonectria, a fungicolous member of the Nectriaceae, occurs on old stromata of pyrenomycetes (Gräfenhan et al. 2011). The genus is characterized by having red cosmospora- OLNHSHULWKHFLDZLWKDFRQVSLFXRXVÀDWWHQHGDSLFDOGLVFJLYLQJ rise to fusarioid asexual morphs in culture. Stylonectria hygrophila is phylogenetically distinct from species presently recognized in the genus. The phylogenetically closest species is S. purtonii, which is mainly distinguished by narrower ascospores 8–11 × 3.5–4.5 μm and shorter conidia 20–24 × 1.5–2 μm, (Lechat et al. 2021). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Stylonectria sp. [strain MYB204, *HQ%DQN 34 ,GHQWLWLHV      no gaps], Stylonectria purtonii [voucher HAY-F-003867, *HQ%DQN 25 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], and Stylonectria hetmanica [strain CBS 147305, *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV      three gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Stylonectria applanata >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN KM231689.1; Identities = 822/829 (99 %), no gaps], Stylonectria wegeliniana >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN KM231690.1; Identities = 819/829 (99 %), no gaps], and Stylonectria corniculata >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN NG_088024.1; Identities = 814/829 (98 %), no gaps]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025372 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO A. Mombert, Conservatoire botanique national de Franche-Comté - Observatoire régional des Invertébrés | 9 rue Jacquard - BP 61738 - 25043 Besançon Cedex, France; e-mail: andgelo.mombert@cbnfc.org The single most parsimonious tree obtained from a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis (PAUP* v. 4.0a; Swofford 2003) of the Stylonectria ITS nucleotide alignment. The tree was rooted to Fusarium boothii 155/*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHVFDOHEDULQGLFDWHVWKHQXPEHU of changes. Parsimony bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates and > 74 % are shown at the nodes and the the novelty described here is KLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGboldIRQW&XOWXUHFROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW  are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. Alignment statistics: 23 strains including the outgroup; 529 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 379 constant, 94 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 56 parsimony- informative. Tree statistics: Tree Length = 231, Consistency Index = 0.870, Retention Index = 0.904, Rescaled Consistency Index = 0.786. The DOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  Fusarium boothii NRRL 29011NR_121203 Pseudocosmospora eutypellae BPI 802567HM484856 Stylonectria hygrophila sp. nov. CPC 48036 Stylonectria purtonii FDS-CA-04701PQ279323 Stylonectria purtonii HAY-F-003867OR858800 Stylonectria purtonii HAY-F-003876PP789516 Stylonectria purtonii HAY-F-005185PP973335 Stylonectria purtonii HAY-F-005224OR882768 Stylonectria purtonii FDS-CA-01687PQ148146 Stylonectria purtonii HAY-F-005215OR882760 Stylonectria purtonii DAOM 235818HQ897831 Stylonectria hetmanica 555JPP524015 Stylonectria hetmanica CBS 147305NR_173440 Stylonectria hetmanica CBS 147306MW827638 Stylonectria corniculata CBS 125491NR_178095 Stylonectria “wegeliniana” CBS 125490KM231817 Stylonectria qilianshanensis HMAS 255803NR_173913 Stylonectria carpini DAOM 235819HQ897823 Stylonectria norvegica CBS 139239NR_154415 Stylonectria norvegica CLL14033KR605484 Stylonectria norvegica CLL14050KR605486 Stylonectria norvegica CBS 139242MW827639 Stylonectria norvegica IHI 201603MT151785 10 76 99 80 81 88 82 84 91 83 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 373 Musicillium palmae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025374 Colour illustrations: Statue of Christ the Redeemer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Fungal Planet 1795 MB 859209 Musicillium palmae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to its host, a species of palm. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Trichosphaeriaceae, Trichosphaeriales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic. $FUHPRQLXPOLNHFRQLGLRSKRUHVUHGXFHGWRVROLWDU\K\DOLQH VPRRWK VXEXODWHSKLDOLGHVDULVLQJ IURPVXSHU¿FLDO K\SKDH 20–35 × 2–3 μm. Macroconidiophores subverticillate, erect, ÀH[XRXV XQEUDQFKHG XS WR  —P WDOO ± —P ZLGH DW EDVH ZKLFK ODFNV UKL]RLGV VWLSH EURZQ YHUUXFXORVH multiseptate, becoming subhyaline towards apex, with verticillate arrangement of phialides, subulate, smooth, hyaline, 30–65 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidia solitary, aggregating in mucoid mass, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, ends obtuse, (4–)5–6(–7) × (2–)2.5 μm. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface umber with patches of dirty white, reverse umber. Typus: Brazil5LRGH-DQHLURRQOLYLQJOHDYHVRIXQLGHQWL¿HGSDOP species, Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4401 [holotype CBS H-25706; culture ex-type COAD 3993 = CPC 47860; ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 VHFRQG SDUW  VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 PV664021.1 and PV664043.1]. Notes: Musicillium is characterised by solitary pale brown conidiophores that are verticillate towards the apex, and have whorls of phialidic conidiogenous cells producing aseptate, hyaline conidia. Musicillium palmae is close to Musicillium theobromae FRQLGLRSKRUHV XS WR  ȝP ORQJ SKLDOLGHV ±ȝPORQJFRQLGLD±î±ȝP*LUDOGR  Crous 2019), but is morphologically distinct. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Musicillium theobromae [strain 1=*HQ%DQN0.,GHQWLWLHV    four gaps (0 %)], Musicillium elettariae [strain SNC86B, *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)], and Musicillium tropicale [strain MFLUCC 23- *HQ%DQN33 ,GHQWLWLHV      two gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Musicillium elettariae >VWUDLQ61&%*HQ%DQN33 Identities = 852/854 (99 %), no gaps], Musicillium elettariae [as Musicillium theobromae VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN LR025899.1; Identities = 825/827 (99 %), no gaps], and Paramusicillium asperulatum >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN NG_242061.1; Identities = 813/827 (98 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGKLJKHVW similarity to Paramusicillium asperulatum [as Musicillium theobromae VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN /5 Identities = 669/743 (90 %), no gaps], Musicillium elettariae >VWUDLQ8(67&&*HQ%DQN33,GHQWLWLHV  701/787 (89 %), no gaps], and Musicillium tropicale [strain 0)/8&&  *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV  706/794 (89 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had highest similarity to Musicillium elettariae >VWUDLQ61&%*HQ%DQN33,GHQWLWLHV   98 %), four gaps (0 %)], Acrostalagmus luteoalbus [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN24 ,GHQWLWLHV   (94 %), four gaps (0 %)], and Musicillium tropicale [strain 0)/8&&  *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV  784/811 (97 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 375 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Musicillium rpb2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Monilochaetes infuscans &%6*HQ%DQN*8 DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHG KHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 28 strains including the outgroup; 743 characters including alignment JDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUH alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TN+F+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per VLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  99.4/100 84.4/76 98.7/99 96.9/100 0/92 97.2/89 98/89 91.5/92 95.3/95 75.9/85 99.8/92 81.3/95 95.4/93 78.1/89 90.9/93 67.3/76 Monilochaetes infuscans CBS 379.77GU180658 Brunneomyces brunnescens CBS 559.73LR026119 Brunneomyces hominis CBS 769.69OQ453892 Brunneomyces polyphialidus CBS 166.80OQ453893 Brunneomyces europaeus CBS 100468OQ453891 Brunneomyces europaeus CBS 560.86LN810527 Brunneomyces europaeus CBS 652.96LN810528 Paramusicillium asperulatum CBS 120158LR026194 Musicillium palmae sp. nov. CPC 47860 Musicillium theobromae CBS 120528LR026180 Musicillium theobromae CBS 120527LR026179 Musicillium theobromae CBS 397.58LR026177 Musicillium theobromae CBS 968.72LR026178 Musicillium theobromae CBS 121211LR026181 Musicillium theobromae CBS 243.74LR026174 Musicillium theobromae CBS 360.76LR026175 Musicillium theobromae CBS 385.32LR026176 Musicillium elettariae CBS 252.80LR026172 Musicillium elettariae SNC86BPP780230 Musicillium elettariae R. Kirschner 5182LC799519 Musicillium elettariae CBS 140681LR026173 Musicillium elettariae UESTCC 23.0235PP076808 Musicillium tropicale CBS 120009LR026186 Musicillium tropicale MFLUCC 18-0109MH412757 Musicillium tropicale CBS 100951LR026185 Musicillium tropicale CBS 458.51LR026184 Musicillium tropicale CBS 395.58LR026182 Musicillium tropicale CBS 398.58LR026183 0.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025376 Dactylaria calliandrae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 377 Fungal Planet 1796 MB 859210 Dactylaria calliandrae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was isolated from, Calliandra. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: incertae sedis, Amphisphaeriales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 μm diam. hyphae, eventually forming numerous hyphal coils. Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth (appearing subhyaline with age), mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells (rarely with a supporting cell), tapering towards base, attached to aerial hyphae, 10–25 × 3–4 μm, forming a cluster of prominent cylindrical denticles, 1–3 × 1.5 —P QRW WKLFNHQHG QRU GDUNHQHGConidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, straight to slightly curved, spindle-shaped, apex subobtuse, base truncate, (2 μm diam.), widest in middle, (3–)5–6(–8)-septate, (37–)40–45(–47) × (2.5–)3 μm. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface and reverse buff. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Clonar nursery, on living leaf of Calliandra tweediei (Fabaceae), 25 Feb. 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4399 [holotype CBS H-25715; culture ex-type COAD 3994 = CPC 48004; ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 VHFRQGSDUW VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PV664937.1, PV664963.1, PV664022.1 and PV664044.1]. Notes: The genus Dactylaria (type species D. purpurella) is heterogeneous and polyphyletic, with species frequently appearing to be mycoparasitic. Dactylaria calliandrae is phylogenetically close to D. acerosa (conidia 3-septate), though distinct in having multi-septate conidia (de Hoog 1985). Dactylaria is in need to revision, pending recollection of its type species. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Dactylaria acerosa [strain ICMP *HQ%DQN25,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], Fusidium griseum >VWUDLQ 7UWVI *HQ%DQN GU479905.1; Identities = 508/535 (95 %), three gaps (0 %)], and Dactylaria retrophylli >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN NR_184363.1; Identities = 491/547 (90 %), 20 gaps (3 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Dactylaria fragilis >VWUDLQ 3 *HQ%DQN (8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (99 %), no gaps], Dactylaria acaciae [strain CPC 29771, *HQ%DQN .< ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], and Dactylaria zapatensis >VWUDLQ 3 *HQ%DQN EU107287.1; Identities = 837/850 (98 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGGLVWDQWVLPLODULW\ to Melogramma campylosporum [voucher MFLU 17-0348, *HQ%DQN0: ,GHQWLWLHV    HLJKW gaps (0 %)], Brachiampulla verticillata [strain ICMP 15065, *HQ%DQN0: ,GHQWLWLHV    HLJKW gaps (0 %)], and Brachiampulla verticillata [strain ICMP *HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV    eight gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had distant similarity to Beauveria bassiana >VWUDLQ  *HQ%DQN $< ,GHQWLWLHV   (91 %), three gaps (0 %)], Beauveria bassiana [strain 1969, *HQ%DQN$< ,GHQWLWLHV      WKUHH gaps (0 %)], and Beauveria asiatica >VWUDLQ)*HQ%DQN LC163544.1; Identities = 763/839 (91 %), three gaps (0 %)]. Colour illustrations: Calliandra tweediei at Clonar nursery, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Brazil. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025378 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Amphisphaeriales LSU nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Candida broadrunensis &%6*HQ%DQN.< DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Families, orders and the classes are shown to the right of the tree in coloured EORFNV7KH URRWEUDQFKZDVVKRUWHQHG WR IDFLOLWDWH OD\RXW$OLJQPHQW VWDWLVWLFV VWUDLQV LQFOXGLQJ WKHRXWJURXSFKDUDFWHUV LQFOXGLQJ DOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HG for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: GTR+F+R3. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO R.W. Barreto, R.F. Alfenas & A.C. Alfenas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br, rafael.alfenas@ufv.br & aalfenas@ufv.br Xylariaceae R hy tis m a- ta le s Le ot io m y- ce te s S or da rio m yc et es Am ph is ph ae ria le s X yla ria le s 96/94 81.6/89 99.9/100 95/96 100/99 99.2/92 77.5/100 86.7/86 99.5/99 99.2/98 94.7/89 85.4/75 88/79 88.1/75 72.9/98 Candida broadrunensis CBS 11838KY106372 Terriera thailandica MFLUCC 14-0818NG_059726 Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi ICMP 17376NG_081313 Cudonia sichuanensis HMAS 75143NG_058728 Xylaria berteroi (nom. inval.) MFLUCC 14-0102MZ463158 Xylaria longipes CBS 148.73OQ831985 Xylaria digitata CBS 161.22OQ831986 Xylaria hypoxylon CBS 126417MH875562 Xylaria grammica CBS 120713OQ831947 Xylaria arbuscula CBS 126416MH875561 Xylaria bambusicola CBS 139988OQ831984 Leptosillia wienkampii CBS 143630MK527865 Leptosillia pistaciae CBS 128196MH798901 Leptosillia sp. LL-2024a JHPW5aPQ608190 Pseudotruncatella arezzoensis MFLUCC 14-0988NG_070426 Oxydothis sp. YG-2024b 19wPP824658 Oxydothis frondicola HKUCC 1001AY083835 Oxydothis garethjonesii MFLUCC 15-0287NG_067548 Dactylaria monticola CBS 188.95EU107289 Dactylaria retrophylli CBS 148271ON811548 Dactylaria biseptata CBS 475.94EU107288 Dactylaria zapatensis CBS 429.93EU107287 Dactylaria sparsa P055EU107291 Dactylaria calliandrae sp. nov. CPC 48004 Dactylaria fragilis P057EU107290 Dactylaria acaciae CPC 29771KY173493 Dactylaria mavisleverae BRIP 76362aPQ431199 Funiliomyces biseptatus CBS 100373NG_067443 Idriellomyces eucalypti CPC 32632NG_066413 Polyscytalum eucalyptorum CBS 137967KJ869176 Polyscytalum grevilleae CPC 25576KX228304 Polyscytalum neofecundissimum CPC 31826NG_066207 Subulispora rectilineata CBS 568.71MH872029 Polyscytalum chilense CPC 31946MH107954 Phlogicylindrium eucalypti CBS 120080DQ923534 Phlogicylindrium tereticornis CPC 32197NG_058510 Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum CBS 120221EU040223 Phlogicylindrium uniforme CBS 131312JQ044445 Parapleurotheciopsis caespitosa CBS 519.93NG_066263 Pseudosubramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus CBS 418.95EU040241 Beltraniella hesseae BRIP 72433aOP023141 Beltraniella portoricensis CBS 856.70MH871777 Castanediella eucalypti CPC 24746NG_067292 Castanediella senegaliae CBS 147077NG_076747 Castanediella acaciae CPC 24869NG_067293 Castanediella ambae NFCCI 4774MN660235 Castanediella tereticornis CPC 34027NG_068600 Castanediella cagnizarii CBS 542.96KP858991 Castanediella cagnizarii INIFAT C96/43-3NG_067441 Castanediella couratarii CBS 579.71NG_066249 Castanediella neomalaysiana CBS 147093MW883805 Castanediella malaysiana CPC 24918NG_067312 Castanediella monoseptata MRC 3-1MH806357 0.01 Rhytismataceae Cudoniaceae Leptosilliaceae Pseudotruncatellaceae Oxydothidaceae incertae sedis Phlogicylindriaceae Beltraniaceae Castanediellaceae 3x 3x Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 379 Cosmospora nemaniae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025380 Fungal Planet 1797 MB 859211 Cosmospora nemaniae Mombert & Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Forest at Mantoche, bois d’Apremont, France. Section through perithecial wall; perithecia; asci with ascospores; colony sporulating on SNA; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; conidia. Scale bars: perithecia = 200 μm; all others = 10 μm. Etymology: Named for Nemania, the host genus it was isolated from. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Ascomata crowded on dead or effete stromata of Nemania cf. colliculosaJUHJDULRXVVXEJORERVH±ȝPKLJK± ȝPGLDP DY îȝPQ  ZLWKDVOLJKWO\ acute papilla, smooth, red, becoming purple in 5 % KOH, yellow in lactic acid, laterally pinched when dry. Ascomatal wall VPRRWK ± XP WKLFN FRPSRVHG RI WZR UHJLRQV RXWHU UHJLRQ ± ȝP WKLFN FRPSRVHG RI VXEJORERVH WR HOOLSVRLGDO FHOOV LQQHU UHJLRQ±ȝP WKLFNRI WKLQZDOOHG ellipsoidal, elongate cells. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, VKRUWVWLSLWDWH±î±ȝPFRQWDLQLQJXQLVHULDWH DVFRVSRUHVEHFRPLQJQDUURZO\FODYDWH±ȝPZLGHZLWK irregularly biseriate ascospores. Paraphyses evanescent, QDUURZO\ PRQLOLIRUP ± ȝP GLDP LQWHUVSHUVHG EHWZHHQ asci. Ascospores (7.5–)8.1–9.9(–10.8) × (3.9–)4.2–4.9(–5.3) ȝP DY îȝPQ  4 ±± HOOLSVRLGDO equally 1-septate, constricted at septum, strongly verrucose, K\DOLQHDW¿UVWEHFRPLQJSDOH\HOORZLVKEURZQZKHQPDWXUH (measurements from discharged, mature ascospores). Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2.5–3 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, K\DOLQH VPRRWK ÀH[XRXV VXEF\OLQGULFDO UHGXFHG WR conidiogenous cells on hyphae, or verticillate with terminal and intercalary whorls of phialides, up to 300 μm tall, 3–4 μm wide, multiseptate. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, K\DOLQH VPRRWK VXEF\OLQGULFDO ZLWK DSLFDO WDSHU ÀH[XRXV ± î ± —P ZLWK VOLJKWO\ ÀDUHG FROODUHWWH DW DSH[ Conidia of two types. Predominant conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, apex subobtuse, tapering to truncate hilum, (6–)7–8(–10) × 2.5–3 μm. Abnormal conidia subcylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, (10–)11–13(–15) × 3–3.5 μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJ±PPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$ and OA surface amber, with diffuse amber pigment, reverse honey. Typus: France, Haute-Saône (70), Mantoche, bois d’Apremont, on dead or effete stromata of Nemania cf. colliculosa, 198 m a.s.l., ƒ1ƒ(2FWA. Mombert & C. Vernillet, AM2310311 [holotype CBS H-25702; culture ex-type CPC 47314 = CBS 153517; ITS, LSU, tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  DQG tef1 (second part) VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 39 DQG PV664045.1]. Notes0RVWFRVPRVSRUDOLNH IXQJLKDYHEHHQVKRZQWREH mycoparasites of fungi in Xylariaceae and Diatrypaceae (Gräfenhan et al. 2011). Species of Cosmospora tend to be VWURQJO\KRVWVSHFL¿F3UHVHQWO\WKHUHDUHQRVSHFLHVNQRZQ from Nemania spp. Cosmospora nemaniae is characterized by subglobose ascomata with slightly acute papilla and strongly verrucose ascospores. The closest species is C. ustulinae and C. xylariae, which are distinguished in having narrowly obpyriform ascomata, and smaller ascospores (C. ustulinae ± î ± ȝP DQGC. xylariae, 8.5–  ± î±ȝP/HFKDW )RXUQLHU +RZHYHU C. nemaniae is distinct from both of these species with an ITS similarity of 92.26 % and 91.77 % for C. ustulinae [as Cosmospora sp. ‘ustulinae’; ex-epitype strain AR4215, *HQ%DQN-1,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (4 %)] and C. xylariae >KRORW\SHYRXFKHU-)*HQ%DQN MZ955629.1; Identities = 457/498 (92 %), 22 gaps (4 %)], respectively. No tef1 sequence of the latter species was available for inclusion in the phylogenetic tree. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Cosmospora coheniae [strain %5,3 D*HQ%DQN34 ,GHQWLWLHV   (98 %), no gaps], Cosmospora ustulinae [as Cosmospora sp. ‘ustulinae¶ VWUDLQ $5 *HQ%DQN -1 Identities = 560/571 (98 %), no gaps], and Cosmospora viliuscula >VWUDLQ *-6  *HQ%DQN .& Identities = 558/570 (98 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cosmospora viliuscula [strain CBS *HQ%DQN*4,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], Pseudocosmospora vilior [strain CBS 126109, *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], and Cosmospora khandalensis [strain CBS 356.65, *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDG highest similarity to Cosmospora viliuscula [strain Env6, *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV      ¿YH gaps (1 %)], Cosmospora vilior [strain G.J.S. 90-217, *HQ%DQN-),GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (3 %)], and Cosmospora scruposae [strain G.J.S. 86-278, *HQ%DQN.-,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV (1 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had highest similarity to Cosmospora aquatica [voucher 6*HQ%DQN01,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], Neocosmospora solani [as Fusarium solani; strain 0%$*HQ%DQN/7,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], and Nectria haematococca [strain GJS89-70, *HQ%DQN $< ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)]. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 381 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO A. Mombert, Conservatoire botanique national de Franche-Comté - Observatoire régional des Invertébrés | 9 rue Jacquard - BP 61738 - 25043 Besançon Cedex, France; e-mail: andgelo.mombert@cbnfc.org 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Cosmospora tef1 ¿UVWSDUW QXFOHRWLGHDOLJQPHQW%RRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHVIURPQRQSDUDPHWULFERRWVWUDSUHSOLFDWHVDUH shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla &%6*HQ%DQN.) DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 47 strains including the outgroup; 381 characters including DOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HG for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TPM2u+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  94.5/91 98.9/97 88.1/98 98.9/86 100/100 88.5/100 99.1/98 88.6/96 99.8/100 91.5/99 92.5/96 0/99 73.5/78 98.2/97 98.7/100 100/97 95.9/99 98.8/98 91/98 89.2/97 95.6/99 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113265KF253176 Mariannaea catenulata MICH14 OR542856 Mariannaea punicea CBS 239.56KM231876 Mariannaea humicola CBS 740.95KM231880 Mariannaea humicola CBS 102628KM231881 Mariannaea samuelsii CBS 746.88KM231882 Mariannaea samuelsii CBS 125515KM231883 Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare CBS 112679JF735692 Campylocarpon amazonense MUCL 55434MF683667 Campylocarpon fasciculare CBS 112613JF735691 Rugonectria rugulosa CBS 129158KM231872 authentic Rugonectria rugulosa CBS 126565KM231873 “Nectria pulcherrima” IMI 325242KJ022392 Rugonectria neobalansae CBS 125120KM231874 authentic Rugonectria castaneicola PHDS17/745-1 PP209131 Rugonectria castaneicola PHDS17/744-1a PP209130 Rugonectria castaneicola CBS 128360 MW834292 Rugonectria sinica 6846HM054084 Rugonectria sinica H28HM054085 Macroconia cupularis 6790-2HM054065 Chlamydocillium cf. curvulum CBS 100551KM231949 Cosmospora lavitskiae CBS 530.68MW834271 Cosmosporella pruni MFLUCC 17-2579ON364467 Cosmospora cymosa CBS 762.69KM231948 Cosmospora coccinea A.R. 2741HM484515 Cosmospora coccinea CBS 341.70KM231947 Cosmospora arxii CBS 748.69KM231950 Cosmospora ustulinae BPI 871089HM484846 Cosmospora ustulinae A.R. 4215KJ676337 Cosmospora ustulinae MAFF 241532KJ676376 Cosmospora ustulinae G.J.S. 92-95KJ676363 Cosmospora clavi CBS 123941KJ676344 Cosmospora clavi CBS 251.78KJ676346 Cosmospora clavi G.J.S. 10-112KJ676350 Cosmospora clavi CBS 448.96KJ676347 Cosmospora nemaniae sp. nov. CPC 47314 Cosmospora sp. KAS 3751KJ676374 Cosmospora viliuscula Env6PP407612 Cosmospora sp. IMI 318025KJ676370 Cosmospora sp. G.J.S. 85-200KJ676357 Cosmospora viliuscula G.J.S. 86-315KC291851 Cosmospora scruposae G.J.S 86-320KJ676360 Cosmospora scruposae G.J.S. 86-331KJ676361 Cosmospora scruposae G.J.S. 86-278KJ676359 Cosmospora viliuscula G.J.S. 96-6HM484851 Cosmospora scruposae G.J.S. 90-217JF832518 Cosmospora scruposae G.J.S. 90-224KJ676362 0.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025382 Neodevriesia maravalensis Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 383 Fungal Planet 1798 MB 859212 Neodevriesia maravalensis &URXV -XUMHYLüsp. nov. Colour illustrations: Crawlspace in Maraval, Trinidad and Tobago. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to Maraval, one of the northern suburbs of Trinidad’s capital, Port of Spain, in Trinidad and Tobago. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Neodevriesiaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Mycelium of brown, smooth, branched, septate, 2.5–3 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, brown, smooth, unbranched, 1–3-septate, 15–80 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, EURZQVPRRWK±î±—PORFLWKLFNHQHGGDUNHQHG sympodial at apex, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidiogenous apparatus penicillate, conidia brown, aseptate, subcylindrical to fusoid- ellipsoid; ramoconidia 10–15 × 2.5–3 μm, conidia (8–)10–  ±  î  ±  —P KLOD WKLFNHQHG GDUNHQHG ± —P diam. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJ PP GLDP DIWHU ZN DW ƒ&2Q0($&<$ PDA and OA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron grey. No JURZWKDWƒ&RQ&<$ Typus: Trinidad and Tobago 0DUDYDO ZLUHV LQ SOHQXP RI¿FH  swab, Jan. 2005, =-XUMHYLü, 5907 (holotype CBS H-25729; culture ex-type CPC 48137 = CBS 151634; ITS and LSU sequences *HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes:Neodevriesia is a hyphomycetous genus, characterized E\KDYLQJPHGLXPEURZQXQEUDQFKHGFRQLGLRSKRUHVWKLFN walled, medium brown, rarely septate conidia, occurring in VKRUW DQG PRVWO\ XQEUDQFKHG FRQLGLDO FKDLQV DQG ODFNLQJ chlamydospores. Neodevriesia maravalensis is related to N. coccolobae [conidia 0(–1)-septate, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical to narrowly fusoid, (6–)7–8(–10) × (2–)2.5(–3) ȝP&URXVet al. 2018a], but distinct in having longer conidia. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Neodevriesia sp. [strain DSF019, *HQ%DQN 34 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], Neodevriesia coccolobae [strain CBS 145064, *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV      RQH gap (0 %)], and Neodevriesia strelitziicola [strain NTOU *HQ%DQN0= ,GHQWLWLHV     four gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Neodevriesia coccolobae >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN NG_066285.1; Identities = 828/829 (99 %), no gaps], Neodevriesia strelitziicola >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN MN567651.1; Identities = 790/792 (99 %), no gaps], and Neodevriesia cladophorae [voucher OUCMBI110119, *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025384 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Neodevriesia ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKD type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to 7HUDWRVSKDHULD¿EULOORVD &%6*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 49 strains including the outgroup; 570 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 291 distinct patterns, 155 parsimony-informative, 90 singleton VLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV71H*7KHVFDOH EDUVKRZV WKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURIQXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQG WUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRL P¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO ä-XUMHYLü $(UKDUG(06/$QDO\WLFDO,QF5RXWH1RUWK&LQQDPLQVRQ1-86$ HPDLO]MXUMHYLF#HPVOFRP DHUKDUG#HPVOFRP 99.6/90 96.9/81 74.6/83 100/100 98.8/100 100/97 87.2/100 0/88 99.8/100 90.3/82 90.9/85 96.5/100 94/100 96.6/83 91.8/87 96.3/100 83.1/85 91.8/91 98/93 96.4/99 99.2/100 93.6/98 76.7/88 Teratosphaeria fibrillosa CBS 121707NR_145094 Neodevriesia cf. metrosideri SFC2022_NP048OP070779 Neodevriesia pakbiae CPC 25044NR_137997 Neodevriesia strelitziae CBS 122379NR_175123 Neodevriesia lagerstroemiae CBS 125422GU214634 Neodevriesia knoxdaviesii CBS 122898NR_175124 Neodevriesia sardiniae CBS 139724NR_145014 Neodevriesia fraserae CBS 128217NR_144961 Neodevriesia longicatenispora FMR 18825NR_198696 Neodevriesia stirlingiae CPC 19948NR_120228 Neodevriesia metrosideri ICMP 17497PQ214277 Neodevriesia metrosideri CPC 32786MK442596 Neodevriesia metrosideri CPC 34458NR_161141 Neodevriesia kalakoutskii VKM F-4872NR_177163 Neodevriesia bulbillosa CBS 118285NR_144953 Neodevriesia scadoxi CBS 149461NR_189519 Neodevriesia modesta CBS 137182NR_144975 Neodevriesia poagena CPC 25086NR_155468 Neodevriesia grateloupiae OUCMBI101249KU578118 Neodevriesia grateloupiae OUCMBI141254KX237686 Neodevriesia cladophorae OUCMBI110119KU578112 Neodevriesia cladophorae OUCMBI101247KU578115 Neodevriesia cladophorae UTHSCSA DI21-21MW650815 Neodevriesia cladophorae UTHSCSA DI21-21MW807300 Neodevriesia coryneliae CBS 137999NR_132905 Neodevriesia saximollicula MUM 23.48PP151470 Neodevriesia queenslandica CPC 17306JF951148 Neodevriesia shakazului BCC 89739OQ076437 Neodevriesia shakazului HNC17-99KT959310 Neodevriesia shakazului CPC 19782NR_111825 Neodevriesia shakazului CPC 19784KC005776 Neodevriesia tabebuiae CPC 34081NR_161127 Neodevriesia strelitziicola CPC 37387NR_166340 Neodevriesia strelitziicola CPC 37388MN562145 Neodevriesia coccolobae CPC 34073NR_161126 Neodevriesia maravalensis sp. nov. CPC 48137 Neodevriesia sp. DSF019PQ302345 Neodevriesia simplex CCFEE 5681NR_155464 Neodevriesia hilliana CBS 123187NR_145098 Neodevriesia agapanthi CPC 19833NR_111766 Neodevriesia xanthorrhoeae CPC 17720NR_144962 Neodevriesia cycadicola CBS 145553NR_165568 Neodevriesia sexualis CBS 145568NR_165569 Neodevriesia capensis CBS 130602JN712501 Neodevriesia capensis NY468KJ406771 Neodevriesia imbrexigena CAP1375JX915748 Neodevriesia imbrexigena CAP1373JX915746 Neodevriesia imbrexigena CAP1371JX915745 Neodevriesia imbrexigena CAP1374JX915747 0.01 3x Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 385 Niesslia hepworthiae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025386 Fungal Planet 1799 MB 859213 Niesslia hepworthiae Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: /LEHUWLD JUDQGLÀRUD in garden of Barbara Hepworth’s Museum and Sculpture Garden, St. Ives, Cornwall, UK. Sporodochia on SNA; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Etymology: Named in honour of the English artist and sculptor, Dame Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth (10 January 1903 – 20 May 1975). The fungus was collected in the garden next to her studio, in St Ives, Cornwall, England. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Niessliaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5–2 μm diam. hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, reduced to conidiogenous cells, or aggregated in sporodochia, 200–250 —PGLDPZLWKSLQNLVKPXFRLGFRQLGLDOPDVVFRQLGLRSKRUHV subcylindrical, 0–1-septate, up to 25 μm tall, giving rise to 1–4 conidiogenous cells in rosette, 10–15 × 1.5–2 μm, with cylindrical phialidic collarette. Solitary conidiogenous cells XSWR—PWDOOZLWKODWHUDOZDOOVVOLJKWO\WKLFNHQHGW\SLFDO of Monocillium. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base with truncate hilum, 1–1.5 μm diam., (5–)6 × 2(–2.5) μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($3'$DQG OA surface salmon, reverse salmon to ochreous. Typus: UK, England, Cornwall, St. Ives, Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden, on living leaf of /LEHUWLDJUDQGLÀRUD (Iridaceae), 8 May 2024, P.W. Crous & K.L. Crous, HPC 4473 [holotype CBS H-25736; culture ex-type CPC 48216 = CBS 153518; ITS, LSU, actA, tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  DQG tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 PV664966.1, PV664004.1, PV664036.1 and PV664052.1]. Notes: Niesslia hepworthiae is closely related to Niesslia neoexosporioides [stipes terminating in clavate vesicles, and FRQLGLD ± ± ± î ± ȝP&URXVet al. 2021]. The most obvious difference, however, is that N. hepworthiae IRUPV SLQNLVK VSRURGRFKLD LQ FXOWXUH ZKLFK KDV QRW EHHQ observed in other species of Niesslia. Another species described in this set from the same country and host, N. libertiae, is distinct based on its molecular phylogeny. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Niesslia sp. [strain CBS 325.77, *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV      VL[ gaps (1 %)], Monocillium indicum [strain CBS 182.65, *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)], and Niesslia exosporioides [strain CBS 515.72, *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV       gaps (2 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Niesslia neoexosporioides >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN NG_076714.1; Identities = 880/883 (99 %), no gaps], Niesslia exosporioides >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN MH872254.1; Identities = 804/807 (99 %), no gaps], and Monocillium curvisetosum >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN MH874141.1; Identities = 878/884 (99 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Niesslia neoexosporioides >VWUDLQ&3&*HQ%DQN MW890027.1; Identities = 598/690 (87 %), 28 gaps (4 %)], and Niesslia nieuwwulvenica >VWUDLQ&3&*HQ%DQN ON605620.1; Identities = 479/546 (88 %), 17 gaps (3 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGKLJKHVW similarity to Niesslia neoexosporioides [strain CPC 38177, *HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (6 %)], Xenomyrothecium tongaense [strain CBS 598.80, *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV       gaps (4 %)], and Calonectria variabilis [strain CBS 112691, *HQ%DQN*4,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (4 %)]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Niesslia neoexosporioides [strain CPC 38177, *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV       gaps (6 %)], Thelonectria yunnanica [strain HMAS 183564, *HQ%DQN-4,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (7 %)], and Neonectria ditissimopsis >VWUDLQ*HQ%DQN JF268728.1; Identities = 321/419 (77 %), 46 gaps (10 %)]. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 387 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Niesslia ITS/tub2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Trichoderma atroviride 086*HQ%DQN2120 DQG WKHQRYHOWLHVGHVFULEHGLQWKLVVHWDUHKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKFRORXUHGEORFNVDQGbold font. Alignment statistics: 37 strains including the outgroup; 1127 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 683 distinct patterns, 423 parsimony-informative, 140 singleton sites, 564 constant sites. 7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV,767,0),*tub2: TN+F+I+G4. The VFDOHEDUVKRZVWKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURIQXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRL P¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 6'HQPDQ)RUHVW5HVHDUFK$OLFH+ROW/RGJH)DUQKDP6XUUH\8.HPDLOVDQGUDGHQPDQ#IRUHVWUHVHDUFKJRYXN 76/77 100/100 89/89 94.2/83 99.6/95 98.7/99 100/100 89.4/78 99.9/100 94/99 99.5/75 81.8/100 95.7/96 93.7/82 100/100 92/82 97.9/99 Trichoderma atroviride MUS9ON508868.1/OM674454.1 Niesslia pseudoexilis CPC 40376ON811511.1/ON803596.1 Niesslia exilis CBS 357.70MG826972.1/MG896271.1 Niesslia exilis CBS 358.70MG826973.1/MG896272.1 Niesslia phragmiticola CPC 42923OQ628487.1/OQ627966.1 Niesslia elymi CBS 607.75MG827016.1/MG896312.1 Niesslia elymi CBS 627.75MG827017.1/MG896314.1 Niesslia stellenboschiana CBS 145531NR_165230.1/missing Niesslia exilis CBS 389.70AMG826979.1/MG896278.1 Niesslia ilicifolia CBS 459.74MG826995.1/MG896293.1 Niesslia cf. ilicifolia CBS 390.70MG826982.1/MG896281.1 Niesslia aterrima CBS 388.85MG826978.1/MG896277.1 Niesslia sphaeropedunculata CBS 123802MG826928.1/MG896233.1 Niesslia exigua CBS 152.68MG826933.1/MG896236.1 Niesslia heterophora CBS 149.70MG826931.1/missing Niesslia physacantha CBS 474.74MG826998.1/MG896296.1 Niesslia leucoula CBS 101741MG826917.1/MG896224.1 Niesslia pandani CBS 583.73MG827009.1/MG896307.1 Niesslia cladii CBS 652.79MG827020.1/MG896316.1 Niesslia bulbillosa CBS 344.70MF681488.1/MG896270.1 Niesslia gamsii 13-1DPMF681483.1/missing Niesslia cf. gamsii CBS 389.85MG826981.1/MG896280.1 Nectriella sp. QZ-2024a CC.YQ18.1PP407809/missing “Nectriella” rusci CBS 126457NR_178145/misisng “Nectriella” rusci SLC28_3PV138501/missing Niesslia libertiae sp. nov. CPC 48212 Niesslia arctiicola CBS 604.76NR_156405 as Monocillium arctiicola/missing Niesslia arctiicola CBS 476.80MG826999 as Monocillium arctiicola/missing Niesslia arctiicola CBS 430.80MG826993 as Monocillium arctiicola/missing Niesslia nieuwwulvenica CBS 148943ON603771.1/ON605637.1 Niesslia indica CBS 313.74MG826967.1/MG896266.1 Niesslia hepworthiae sp. nov. CPC 48216 Niesslia fusiformis CBS 325.77MG826969.1/MG896268.1 Niesslia luzulae CBS 515.72MG827003.1/MG896301.1 Niesslia neoexosporioides CPC 38177MW883432.1/MW890137.1 Niesslia aemula CBS 556.75MG827004.1/MG896302.1 Niesslia curvisetosa CBS 660.94NR_160195.1/MG896318.1 0.01 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025388 Niesslia libertiae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 389 Fungal Planet 1800 MB 859214 Niesslia libertiae Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: /LEHUWLD JUDQGLÀRUD ÀRZHUV LQ 0RXVHKROH Cornwall, England. Ascomata on oatmeal agar; close-up of ostiole; asci with ascospores; ascospores in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bars: ascomata = 150 μm; ostiole = 75 μm; all others = 10 μm. 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 6'HQPDQ)RUHVW5HVHDUFK$OLFH+ROW/RGJH)DUQKDP6XUUH\8.HPDLOVDQGUDGHQPDQ#IRUHVWUHVHDUFKJRYXN Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was collected from, Libertia. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Niessliaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. AscomataVROLWDU\HUXPSHQWWRVXSHU¿FLDOJORERVH± —P GLDP SDOH EURZQ VXUURXQGHG E\ EURZQ WKLFNZDOOHG setae, unbranched, apices obtuse, 25–70 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Ostiole FHQWUDO ¿OOHG ZLWK K\DOLQH VHSWDWH SHULSK\VHV XS to 25 μm tall, 2–3 μm wide; perithecial wall of 6–8 layers of pale brown textura angularis. Asci 8-spored, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base bluntly rounded, straight to slightly curved, 45–55 × 9–11 μm, apex not staining in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores bi- to triseriate, fusoid-ellipsoid, ends subobtuse, widest at median septum, guttulate, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown and verruculose, surrounded by a prominent mucoid sheath (up to 3 μm diam.), (16–)17– 18(–19) × (5.5–)6(–7) μm. Asexual morph not observed in culture or in vivo. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin IHDWKHU\RQ3'$ UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ& On MEA, PDA and OA surface dirty white, reverse buff. Typus: UK, England, Cornwall, Mousehole, on living leaf of Libertia JUDQGLÀRUD (Iridaceae), 8 May 2024, P.W. Crous, HPC 4472 [holotype CBS H-25735; culture ex-type CPC 48212 = CBS 153519; ITS, LSU, actA, tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  DQG tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 PV664967.1, PV664005.1, PV664037.1 and PV664053.1]. Notes: Niesslia, as circumscribed by Gams et al. (2019) is polyphyletic. Niesslia libertiae is introduced as novel, SK\ORJHQHWLFDOO\ GLVWLQFW VSHFLHVZKLFK LVRQO\ NQRZQ IURP LWV VH[XDO PRUSK %DVHG RQ WKH NH\ SURYLGHG E\ *DPV et al.   LW NH\V RXW WRN. striatispora, but ascospores are not striate, and an asexual morph did not develop in culture. Sequences deposited for Nectriella rusci appear to be incorrect. Another species described in this set from the same country and host, N. hepworthiae, is distinct based on its molecular phylogeny (see phylogenetic tree included with that species). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Monocillium arctiicola [strain CBS  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV   (97 %), four gaps (0 %)], Nectriella rusci [strain CBS 126457, *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV      VL[ gaps (1 %)], and Monocillium indicum [strain SDT34-22, *HQ%DQN -; ,GHQWLWLHV      QLQH gaps (2 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Nectriella rusci >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN1*B Identities = 862/870 (99 %), no gaps], Monocillium arctiicola >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV  847/858 (99 %), two gaps (0 %)], and Niesslia exosporioides >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV  796/807 (99 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Niesslia neoexosporioides >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV = 391/408 (96 %), no gaps], Corallomycetella elegans >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN .0 ,GHQWLWLHV  476/528 (90 %), 18 gaps (3 %)], and Gliocephalotrichum longibrachium >VWUDLQ&%6 *HQ%DQN.0 Identities = 459/508 (90 %), six gaps (1 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  VHTXHQFH KDG KLJKHVW VLPLODULW\ to Niesslia neoexosporioides >VWUDLQ&3&*HQ%DQN MW890097.1; Identities = 280/342 (82 %), 20 gaps (5 %)], and Niesslia nieuwwulvenica >VWUDLQ&3&*HQ%DQN ON605629.1; Identities = 266/329 (81 %), 19 gaps (5 %)]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had distant partial similarity to Niesslia neoexosporioides [strain CBS 148284, *HQ%DQN21,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (7 %)], Striaticonidium panamaense [strain CPC 46539, *HQ%DQN34,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (5 %)], and Fusicolla aquaeductuum [strain KUMCC 17- *HQ%DQN0+ ,GHQWLWLHV     23 gaps (6 %)]. For phylogenetic tree, see Niesslia hepworthiae (FP 1799). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025390 Letendraea goniomae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 391 Fungal Planet 1801 MB 859215 Letendraea goniomae Crous, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: *URHQNRS )RUHVW .Q\VQD 6RXWK $IULFD Ascomata on pine needle agar; asci with ascospores; ascospores. Scale bars: ascomata = 200 μm; all others = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to the host genus it was collected from, Gonioma. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: 7XEHX¿DFHDH, 7XEHX¿DOHV, Dothideomycetes. Ascomata pseudothecial, 150–200 μm diam., separate, immersed, pale brown, with central ostiole, and wall of 3–6 layers of pale brown textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, unbranched, anastomosing, cellular, 2–2.5 μm diam. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, short pedicellate, with visible ocular chamber, 50–65 × 7–8 μm. Ascospores 3- to multiseriate, medianly 1-septate, constricted at septum, widest and swollen above median septum, fusoid, brown, verruculose, (13–)15–16(–17) × (3.5–)4 μm. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, even margin, covering GLVK DIWHU  ZN DW ƒ& 2Q 0($ VXUIDFH SDOH OXWHRXV reverse sienna; on PDA and OA surface and reverse saffron. Typus: South Africa:HVWHUQ&DSH3URYLQFH.Q\VQD*URHQNRS Forest, on leaves of Gonioma kamassi (Apocynaceae), Oct. 2023, 0- :LQJ¿HOG, HPC 4305 [holotype CBS H-25701, culture ex- type CPC 47304 = CBS 153525; ITS, LSU and tef1 (second part) VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN3939DQG39@ Notes: Letendraea goniomae is closely reated to isolates LGHQWL¿HG DV Letendraea helminthicola (asci 60–70 × 10– 14 μm, ascospores 12–15 × 4.5–6 μm; Petch 1938), and Letendraea cordylinicola [asci (51–)55–60(–68) × (8–)10–12 ȝPDVFRVSRUHV±î±ȝP$UL\DZDQVDet al. 2014], but differs in the size of its ascospores. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Letendraea cordylinicola [strain 0)/8&&  *HQ%DQN .0 ,GHQWLWLHV  505/511 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], Letendraea helminthicola >VWUDLQ%&&7+$!*HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV = 505/511 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], and Nemania diffusa >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV  505/512 (99 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Letendraea helminthicola [strain MFLUCC  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV   (100 %), no gaps], Letendraea eurotioides [strain CBS *HQ%DQN$<,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], and Letendraea cordylinicola [strain ZHKUCC 21- *HQ%DQN2/ ,GHQWLWLHV     one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had highest similarity to Letendraea helminthicola >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0. ,GHQWLWLHV  863/882 (98 %), no gaps], Paraconiothyrium brasiliense >VWUDLQ87+6&',*HQ%DQN/7,GHQWLWLHV  874/907 (96 %), two gaps (0 %)], and Didymosphaeria rubi- ulmifolii >VWUDLQ 0)/8&&  *HQ%DQN 07 Identities = 868/901 (96 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025392 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Letendraea ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Pleospora iqbalii &%6*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKHQRYHOW\ GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 37 strains including the outgroup; 674 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 188 distinct patterns, 87 parsimony-informative, 89 singleton VLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV71H*7KHVFDOH EDUVKRZV WKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURIQXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQG WUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRL P¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 0-:LQJ¿HOG'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\*HQHWLFVDQG0LFURELRORJ\)RUHVWU\DQG$JULFXOWXUDO%LRWHFKQRORJ\,QVWLWXWH )$%, 8QLYHUVLW\RI 3UHWRULD3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFDHPDLOPLNHZLQJ¿HOG#IDELXSDF]D 98/100 100/96 83.1/88 93.1/89 98.3/92 Pleospora iqbalii CBS 362.69NR_160118 Pseudocamarosporium africanum CBS 121166NR_154294 Paracamarosporium fagi CPC 24890KR611886 Paracamarosporium fagi CPC 24892KR611887 Paraconiothyrium fungicola CBS 113269NR_160051 Paraconiothyrium yunnanensis ZHKUCC 22-0196NR_184994 Letendraea sp. Lg508PQ788655 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea magnoliae MFLUCC 19-0052NR_172437 Letendraea sp. B1A0062SNA2CC1081KP263123 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea sp. CS09MZ422447 Letendraea sp. A696KU529827 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea goniomae sp. nov. CPC 47304 Letendraea helminthicola MFLUCC 19-0055MW222161 Letendraea helminthicola BN7MH483996 Letendraea sp. 15MK120558 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea sp. A2S3-1KJ774053 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea sp. sn43k2KJ170301 Letendraea sp. 674F10C_ACMK027004 Letendraea sp. UFMGCB 9577KX788199 Letendraea sp. A820PP762037 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea sp. SER2ON872400 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola RG282PV166788 Letendraea cordylinicola F31_ITS5MW187756 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola BCC 86498MH398541 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola F158JQ026217 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola ZHKUCC 21-0108OL687396 Letendraea cordylinicola 2-F11MW081303 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola 7-3HM486428 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola BCC 86503MH398546 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola 7-11HM486430 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola A1S5-12KJ774052 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola G2G1OL505016 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola MFLUCC 11-0150KM213996 Letendraea cordylinicola MFLUCC 11-0148NR_154118 Letendraea cordylinicola 1-F8MW081245 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola F10JQ026213 as Letendraea helminthicola Letendraea cordylinicola SGLMf23EU715680 as Letendraea helminthicola 0.01 3x Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 393 Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025394 Colour illustrations: %HGURRPÀRRULQ%DWK3$86$&RQLGLRSKRUHV and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Fungal Planet 1802 MB 859216 Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica &URXV -XUMHYLüsp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the state of Pennsylvania, USA, where it was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: incertae sedis, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5–3 μm diam. hyphae. Hyphae separating into phragmoconidia, cylindrical with truncate ends, smooth, hyaline, guttulate, 0–2-septate, aseptate conidia (3.5–)4–5(– 7) × (2.5–)3 μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q0($VXUIDFH and reverse umber with diffuse umber pigment; on PDA surface and reverse umber with diffuse red pigment; on OA VXUIDFHUHG1RJURZWKDWƒ&RQ&<$ Typus: USA, Pennsylvania, Bath, from bedroom, air, 14 Sep. 2022, = -XUMHYLü, 5748 (holotype CBS H-25698; culture ex-type CPC 45222A = CBS 153526; ITS, LSU and tub2 VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PV664943.1, PV664969.1 and PV664054.1); ibid., culture CPC 45222B; ITS, LSU, rpb1 and tub2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39 PV664970.1, PV664012.1 and PV664055.1. Notes: Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica is phylogenetically related to Lorrainsmithia elkeaeGHVULEHGIURPDQXQLGHQWL¿HG dead spider in New South Wales, Australia. Unfortunately the GHVFULSWLRQ ODFNV DQ\ PRUSKRORJLFDO GHWDLOV VR WKHVH WZR species can only be compared based on their DNA phylogeny, which places them as two taxa within Lorrainsmithia (Tan et al. 2024). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 45222A had highest similarity to Dothideomycetes sp. NF-3 >VWUDLQ ) *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV = 497/501 (99 %), no gaps], “Trichomerium syzygii” [strain ,)5'&&*HQ%DQN01 ,GHQWLWLHV   (96 %), one gap (0 %)], Lorrainsmithia elkeae [strain MST- )3*HQ%DQN34,GHQWLWLHV    two gaps (0 %)], and Pseudocercospora sphaerellae- eugeniae >VWUDLQ 3 *HQ%DQN .& ,GHQWLWLHV     ¿YHJDSV   @7KHVHTXHQFH LQ WKH blast result listed as Trichomerium syzygiiLVQRWFRQVSHFL¿F ZLWK WKH H[W\SH VHTXHQFH RI WKDW VSHFLHV *HQ%DQN NR_170066.1, < 90 % overall sequence homology). The ITS sequences of CPC 45222A and CPC 45222B are 100 % (500/500 nt) identical. Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 45222A are “Trichomerium syzygii” >VWUDLQ ,)5'&& *HQ%DQN 01 ,GHQWLWLHV  798/804 (99 %), no gaps], Lorrainsmithia elkeae [strain 067)3 *HQ%DQN 34 ,GHQWLWLHV   (99 %), no gaps], and Hermatomyces sphaericus [voucher &*HQ%DQN0.,GHQWLWLHV    ¿YH JDSV   @ 7KH VHTXHQFH LQ WKH EODVW UHVXOW OLVWHG as Trichomerium syzygii LVQRWFRQVSHFL¿FZLWK WKHH[W\SH VHTXHQFHRIWKDWVSHFLHV *HQ%DQN1*B overall sequence homology). The LSU sequences of CPC 45222A and CPC 45222B are 100 % (841/841 nt) identical. 1RVLJQL¿FDQWKLWVZHUHREWDLQHGZKHQWKHrpb1 sequence of CPC 45222B was used in blastn and megablast searches. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence of CPC 45222A had distant similarity to Crassiclypeus aquaticus [strain KH  *HQ%DQN /& ,GHQWLWLHV      36 gaps (7 %)], Preussia intermedia [strain 18THES003, *HQ%DQN 07 ,GHQWLWLHV       gaps (3 %)], and Corynespora smithii [strain NBRC8162, *HQ%DQN$%,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (7 %)]. The tub2 sequences of CPC 45222A and 45222B are identical (611/611 nt). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 395 D ot hi de om yc et es P le os po ra le s M on o- bl as tia le s Eriomycetaceae 100/100 81.4/77 87.6/79 96.4/87 87.2/93 100/100 93.8/100 99/79 88.1/93 85.9/83 91.6/75 82.5/78 88.7/93 86.1/78 99.9/95 100/100 94.2/77 93.4/95 Ramularia endophylla CBS 113265KF251723 Funbolia dimorpha CBS 126491NG_064276 Phellinocrescentia guianensis CPC 23600NG_058119 Eriomyces heveae MFLUCC 17-2232NG_073617 Massarioramusculicola chiangraiensis MFLUCC 17-2240NG_242441 Massaria racemosae MFLU 19-2135NG_228947 Massaria broussonetiae HKAS 102402NG_228946 Massaria lantanae CBS 125592NG_064226 Massaria conspurcata CBS 124647NG_064217 Massaria ariae CBS 125589NG_064225 Massaria macra CBS 125587NG_064224 Massaria inquinans CBS 125591NG_069936 Massaria campestris CBS 125594NG_064227 Lorrainsmithia elkeae MST FP3504PQ060439 “Trichomerium syzygii” IFRDCC2641MN901474 CPC 45222B CPC 45222A Wicklowia submersa MFLUCC 18-0373NG_073668 Wicklowia aquatica ILL 40790NG_059925 Wicklowia phuketensis MFLUCC 20-0109NG_228837 Wicklowia fusiformispora MFLU 21-0068NG_088277 Hongkongmyces pedis HKU35NG_056287 Hongkongmyces aquaticus MFLUCC 18-1150NG_073793 Lolia dictyospora MD1313NG_067306 Clohesyomyces symbioticus ARIZ AEADM0144NG_153981 Aquimassariosphaeria kunmingensis KUMCC 18-1019NG_075376 Hongkongmyces thailandicus MFLUCC 16-0406NG_067552 Hongkongmyces kokensis MFLUCC 21-0079NG_088272 Hongkongmyces changchunensis HMJAU 60185NG_228925 Lindgomyces breviappendiculatus KT 1399NG_056267 Lindgomyces madisonensis DSM 100629NG_068527 Lindgomyces okinawaensis KT3531NG_067553 Lindgomyces guizhouensis GZCC 21-0669NG_228927 Lindgomyces griseosporus CBS 123100NG_067276 Lindgomyces ingoldianus ATCC 200398NG_042321 Lindgomyces apiculatus MAFF 239601NG_055737 Lindgomyces lemonweirensis ILL A632-1aNG_042580 Lindgomyces angustiascus ILL A640-1aNG_042721 Hermatomyces bauhiniae MFLUCC 16-0395 NG_067870 Hermatomyces turbinatus HKAS 112724 NG_079699 Hermatomyces nabanheensis KUMCC 16-0149 NG_066382 Aquasubmersa mircensis MFLUCC 11-0401 NG_042699 Aquasubmersa japonica KT2862 NG_057138 Hermatomyces maharashtraensis NFCCI 4880 NG_241939 Hermatomyces clematidis MFLUCC 17-2085 NG_073845 Hermatomyces hainanensis GZCC 23-0592 NG_243328 Hermatomyces subiculosus MFLUCC 15-0843 NG_059689 Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis MFLUCC 16-2819 NG_241887 Fusiformispora clematidis MFLUCC 17-2077NG_073842 Amniculicola immersa CBS 123083NG_056964 Amniculicola guttulata MFLUCC 16-0907NG_068604 Amniculicola parva CBS 123092NG_056970 Amniculicola lignicola CBS 123094NG_067455 Murispora kazachstanica KG103NG_088293 Murispora cicognanii MFLUCC 14-0953NG_059609 Murispora purpurea CBS H-23864NG_243676 Murispora medicaginicola MFLUCC 13-0762NG_059608 Murispora cardui MFLUCC 13-0761NG_059607 Murispora fagicola MFLUCC 13-0600NG_060797 Murispora asexualis FMR 17248NG_081300 0.01 3x 3x Massariaceae incertae sedis Lorrainsmithia pensylvanica sp. nov. 3x Wicklowiaceae Lindgomycetaceae Hermatomycetaceae I Hermatomycetaceae II Aquasubmersaceae Amniculicolaceae 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Pleosporales LSU nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection RUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDOZLWKDW\SH status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla &%6*HQ%DQN.) DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHG KHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Families, orders and the class are shown to the left and right of the tree in coloured EORFNV6RPHEUDQFKHVZHUHVKRUWHQHG WR IDFLOLWDWH OD\RXW$OLJQPHQWVWDWLVWLFVVWUDLQV LQFOXGLQJ WKHRXWJURXSFKDUDFWHUV LQFOXGLQJ DOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HG for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TN+F+I+R3. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide VXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO ä-XUMHYLü $3LQWR(06/$QDO\WLFDO,QF5RXWH1RUWK&LQQDPLQVRQ1-86$ HPDLO]MXUMHYLF#HPVOFRP DPSLQWR#HPVOFRP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025396 Catenulostroma pellitae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 397 Fungal Planet 1803 MB 859217 Catenulostroma pellitae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the Eucalyptus species it was isolated from, E. pellita. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Teratosphaeriaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. Ascomata DPSKLJHQRXV RQ OHDI OLWWHU EODFN HUXPSHQW DJJUHJDWHG LQFOXVWHUVXS WRȝPGLDPZDOO FRQVLVWLQJ of 2–3 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Asci aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, 8-spored, ±î±ȝPAscospores tri- to multiseriate, overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thin-walled, straight, fusoid-ellipsoidal with obtuse ends, widest in middle of apical cell, constricted at the septum, tapering towards both ends, but more prominently WRZDUGV WKH ORZHU HQG ± ± ±  î  ±  ȝP germinating ascospores on MEA germinate from both polar ends, with germ tubes parallel to the long axis of the spore, constricted at septum, distorting, with mucoid sheath visible, also starting lateral germ tubes from original spore, 3.5–4.5 ȝPZLGH Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, surface folded with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, OREDWHPDUJLQUHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2Q MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse iron grey. Typus: Malaysia, on leaf spots of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), Jul. 2015, 0-:LQJ¿HOG, HPC 4516 [holotype CBS H-25743; culture ex-type CPC 49120 = CBS 153528; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb2, tef1 ¿UVWSDUW DQGtub2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN3939 PV664009.1, PV664023.1, PV664038.1 and PV664056.1]. Notes: Catenulostroma pellitae is related to C. corymbia, a sexual species described from Corymbia leaves collected in Australia. It is distinguished in having smaller ascospores, ± ±  î ±  ±  ȝP DQG DOVR SURGXFHV DQ DVH[XDO morph in culture (Crous et al. 2012), which is not observed in C. pellitae. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Catenulostroma elginense [strain 67(8*HQ%DQN15B ,GHQWLWLHV  (88 %), 24 gaps (6 %)], Euteratosphaeria verrucosiafricana >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV  358/416 (86 %), 22 gaps (5 %)], and Constantinomyces macerans >VWUDLQ751*HQ%DQN15B,GHQWLWLHV = 371/432 (86 %), 29 gaps (6 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Catenulostroma chromoblastomycosum [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN (8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (98 %), no gaps], Teratosphaeria encephalarti [strain CBS *HQ%DQN)-,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], and Catenulostroma corymbiae [strain CPC 19435, *HQ%DQN .& ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Closest hits using the cmdA sequence had highest similarity to Austroafricana parva [strain CPC 12249, *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV      QLQH gaps (2 %)], Teratosphaericola pseudoafricana [strain CBS *HQ%DQN.),GHQWLWLHV    26 gaps (5 %)], and Teratosphaeria majorizuluensis [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV   (88 %), three gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGKLJKHVWVLPLODULW\ WR Intumescentia ceratinae >VWUDLQ&;$*HQ%DQN23 ,GHQWLWLHV = 696/861 (81 %), one gap (0 %)], Neobryochiton narthecii >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 21 ,GHQWLWLHV  658/824 (80 %), no gaps], and Aulographina pinorum [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN *8 ,GHQWLWLHV   (78 %), seven gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGKLJKHVWVLPLODULW\WRXenopenidiella tarda >VWUDLQ '2& *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV  164/171 (96 %), no gaps], ;HQRSHQLGLHOOD LQÀDWD [strain 1 *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV      no gaps], and Pseudoteratosphaeria africana [strain CBS *HQ%DQN0.,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Devriesia shelburniensis [strain CBS 115876, *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV       gaps (6 %)], Meristemomyces frigidus [strain CCFEE 5508, *HQ%DQN.),GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (4 %)], and Petrophila incerta >VWUDLQ 751E *HQ%DQN KF546769.1; Identities = 279/347 (80 %), six gaps (1 %)]. Colour illustrations: Eucalyptus forest in Malaysia. Section through pseudothecium; erumpent pseudothecia on leaf tissue; asci with ascospores; germinating ascospore. Scale bars: pseudothecium = 50 μm; all others = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025398 D ot hi de om yc et es M yc os ph ae re lla le s Neodevriesiaceae Schizothyriaceae Mycosphaerellaceae Teratosphaeriaceae 99.7/100 96.2/80 99.2/100 100/100 84.6/78 97.8/79 96.3/91 100/100 0/100 96.6/97 88.8/85 89.1/96 0/82 98.9/99 99/98 90.9/75 99.7/92 0/79 98.2/90 93.9/96 94.2/99 97.6/97 96.6/81 100/100 99.7/96 98.8/92 74.5/91 98.9/100 85/95 0/83 81.2/86 93.7/79 94.7/89 99/99 72.3/95 97.4/100 95.8/100 99.3/90 97.9/100 Cladosporium oxysporum CBS 125991NG_069948 Neodevriesia bulbillosa CBS 118285KF310029 Neodevriesia simplex CCFEE 5681KF310027 Neodevriesia knoxdaviesii CPC 14905KJ564328 Neodevriesia lagerstroemiae CBS 125422KF902149 Schizothyrium pomi CBS 228.57KF902007 Schizothyrium pomi CBS 486.50KF902024 Ramularia eucalypti CBS 120726KF902006 Ramularia punctiformis CBS 113265KF902072 Madagascaromyces intermedius CBS 124154KF902014 Paramycosphaerella marksii CBS 110963KF902054 Pseudozasmidium eucalypti CBS 121101NG_058063 Virosphaerella irregularis CBS 123242NG_058070 Pseudozasmidium vietnamense CBS 119974NG_070529 Zasmidium citrigriseum CPC 15296NG_069188 Zasmidium pseudovespa CBS 121159NG_069185 Constantinomyces nebulosus CBS 117941KF310014 Aulographina pinorum CBS 174.90GU301802 Neocatenulostroma germanicum CBS 539.88MH873835 Neocatenulostroma microsporum CBS 110890EU019255 Neocatenulostroma abietis CBS 290.90EU019249 Pseudoteratosphaeria ohnowa CBS 112973DQ246231 Pseudoteratosphaeria flexuosa CBS 111012NG_069169 Pseudoteratosphaeria secundaria CBS 118507NG_069170 Pseudoteratosphaeria africana CPC 33144MK442558 Pseudoteratosphaeria perpendicularis CBS 118367KF901972 Pseudoteratosphaeria stramenticola CBS 120737KF902167 Pseudoteratosphaeria gamsii CBS 118495KF901990 Acidiella bohemica CBS 132721KF901985 Fodinomyces uranophilus CBS 136962NG_243667 Acidiella americana CCF 5435LT627241 Acidiella australiana BRIP 74377aNG_243407 Catenulostroma corymbiae CPC 19435NG_058846 Catenulostroma pellitae sp. nov. CPC 49120 Penidiella aggregata CBS 128772NG_057905 Penidiella drakensbergensis CPC 19778NG_059482 Xenopenidiella rigidophora CBS 314.95NG_078661 Xenopenidiella inflata CBMAI 1945KU216337 Xenopenidiella clavata CBMAI 1942NG_069326 Xenopenidiella nigrescens CBMAI 1943NG_069327 Xenopenidiella formica CBMAI 1954KU216329 Xenopenidiella laevigata CBMAI 1944KU216336 Xenopenidiella tarda CBMAI 1940KU216326 Catenulostroma lignicola CBS 130285NG_059023 Intumescentia ceratinae CX80A2OP345117 Intumescentia pseudolivetorum CX115A1aOP345119 Neobryochiton narthecii CBS 149172NG_149096 Teratosphaeria encephalarti CBS 123540NG_057815 Intumescentia tinctorum CX96C5OP326178 Intumescentia vitii CX89C2OP345120 Catenulostroma chromoblastomycosum CBS 597.97EU019251 Phaeothecoidea melaleuca CBS 128213NG_064277 Phaeothecoidea intermedia CPC 13711NG_057841 Phaeothecoidea eucalypti CPC 13010EU019280 Phaeothecoidea minutispora CPC 13710NG_057842 Nothotrimmatostroma bifarium CPC 32833NG_067914 Nothotrimmatostroma eucalyptorum CBS 129578NG_064248 Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanae CPC 32605NG_067913 Neotrimmatostroma excentricum CBS 121102KF901840 Neotrimmatostroma paraexcentricum CPC 25594NG_058243 Suberoteratosphaeria xenosuberosa CBS 134747NG_058056 Suberoteratosphaeria pseudosuberosa CBS 118911KF902144 Suberoteratosphaeria suberosa CBS 436.92NG_057750 Teratosphaeria considenianae CMW37671JQ732942 Teratosphaeria cryptica CPC 936GQ852682 Teratosphaeria majorizuluensis CPC 12712GQ852710 Teratosphaeria profusa CBS 125007NG_058060 Teratosphaeria fibrillosa CBS 121707NG_057862 Teratosphaeria proteae-arboreae CPC 12952EU707882 Eupenidiella venezuelensis CBS 106.75NG_059224 Hortaea werneckii CBS 107.67NG_057773 Salinomyces thailandicus CBS 125423NG_057846 Stenella araguata CBS 105.75NG_064105 Caeliomyces tampanus CBS 148275NG_081334 Caatingomyces brasiliensis URM 7916NG_242459 Readeriella angustia CPC 13621KF902112 Readeriella nontingens CPC 14444KF902073 Readeriella dendritica CBS 120032KF901865 Readeriella patrickii CBS 124987KF902001 Readeriella callista CBS 124986KF901974 Readeriella readeriellophora CPC 12920FJ493219 Readeriella deanei CBS 134746NG_069186 Readeriella eucalypti CPC 11184KJ380898 Euteratosphaeria verrucosiafricana CBS 118498NG_059223 Parateratosphaeria persoonii CBS 122895NG_058074 Parateratosphaeria marasasii CBS 122899NG_058073 Parateratosphaeria karinae CBS 128774NG_057907 Parateratosphaeria bellula CBS 111700EU019301 Parateratosphaeria stirlingiae CPC 29252NG_059800 Penidiella ellipsoidea CBS 128773NG_057906 Catenulostroma hermanusense CBS 128768NG_058818 Catenulostroma protearum CBS 125421GU214401 Recurvomyces mirabilis CCFEE 5475KC315876 Catenulostroma elginense CBS 111030EU019252 Constantinomyces macerans TRN440KF310005 Constantinomyces minimus TRN159KF310003 Constantinomyces virgultus CBS 117930NG_070827 Constantinomyces oldenburgensis T2.1LT976552 Elasticomyces elasticus CBS 122538NG_059227 Monticola elongata CBS 136206NG_064268 Austrostigmidium mastodiae MA 18215NG_057063 Friedmanniomyces endolithicus CCFEE 5199KF310007 Incertomyces perditus CCFEE 5385KF310008 Incertomyces vagans CCFEE 5393KF310009 0.01 3x 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Mycosphaerellales LSU nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture FROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV6HTXHQFHVIURPPDWHULDO with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Cladosporium oxysporum &%6*HQ%DQN1*B DQGWKH QRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font. Families, the order and the class are shown to the right of the tree LQFRORXUHGEORFNV7KHURRWEUDQFKZDVVKRUWHQHGWRIDFLOLWDWHOD\RXW$OLJQPHQWVWDWLVWLFVVWUDLQVLQFOXGLQJWKHRXWJURXSFKDUDFWHUV LQFOXGLQJDOLJQPHQWJDSVDQDO\VHGGLVWLQFWSDWWHUQVSDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHO LGHQWL¿HG IRU WKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQW LQ ,475((XVLQJ WKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV7,0H,57KHVFDOHEDUVKRZVWKHH[SHFWHGQXPEHURI QXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO 0-:LQJ¿HOG'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\*HQHWLFVDQG0LFURELRORJ\)RUHVWU\DQG$JULFXOWXUDO%LRWHFKQRORJ\,QVWLWXWH )$%, 8QLYHUVLW\RI 3UHWRULD3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFDHPDLOPLNHZLQJ¿HOG#IDELXSDF]D Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 399 Cytospora michiganensis Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025400 Fungal Planet 1804 MB 859218 Cytospora michiganensis &URXV -XUMHYLüsp. nov. Colour illustrations: Utility room, Farmington Hills, MI, USA. Conidioma on pine needle agar; Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars: conidioma = 200 μm; all others = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to Michigan, USA, where this fungus was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Conidiomata on pine needle agar solitary, immersed, becoming erumpent, pycnidial, multilocular, brown, globose, 150–200 μm diam.; wall of 3–4 layers of pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, branched, 1–2-septate, 10–20 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, subcylindrical, tapering towards phialidic apex, terminal and intercalary, 7–10 × 2–2.5 μm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, subcylindrical, curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 5–6(–7) × 1.5 μm. Culture characteristics &RORQLHV ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ ZLWK PRGHUDWHDHULDOP\FHOLXPFRYHULQJGLVKDIWHUZNDWƒ& On MEA, CYA, PDA and OA surface and reverse scarlet. *URZVPPGDWƒ&RQ&<$ Typus: USA, Michigan, Farmington Hills, from utility room (settle plate), Apr. 2024, =-XUMHYLü, 5934 [holotype CBS H-25739; culture ex-type CPC 48406 = CBS 153530; ITS, LSU, actA, rpb2, tef1 ¿UVW part) and tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 PV664006.1, PV664024.1, PV664039.1 and PV664057.1]. Notes: Cytospora FRQWDLQV QXPHURXV LPSRUWDQW FDQNHU pathogens of woody host plans (Lin et al. 2024). Cytospora michiganensis is phylogenetically related but distinct from various species of Cytospora, and is thus introduced as new. Because it was trapped from air via a settle plate, its host SODQWUHPDLQVXQNQRZQ %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Cytospora desmazieri [strain CBS *HQ%DQN.<,GHQWLWLHV    17 gaps (3 %)], Cytospora pruinosa >VWUDLQ)H&*HQ%DQN MW447045.1; Identities = 564/597 (94 %), 16 gaps (2 %)], and Cytospora leucostoma >VWUDLQ = *HQ%DQN MN907640.1; Identities = 557/591 (94 %), 19 gaps (3 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cytospora pruinosa [asValsa pruinosaVWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN0+ Identities = 880/885 (99 %), no gaps], Cytospora desmazieri [as Valsa pini VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN0+ Identities = 880/885 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], and Cytospora mali >VWUDLQ $5,86 *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV = 851/856 (99 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Cytospora leucostoma >VWUDLQ &)&&  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV  144/167 (86 %), 12 gaps (7 %)], Cytospora carpobroticola >VWUDLQ &3&  *HQ%DQN 34 ,GHQWLWLHV  144/170 (85 %), 17 gaps (10 %)], and Cytospora pavettae >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0. ,GHQWLWLHV  137/166 (83 %), 10 gaps (6 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDGKLJKHVWVLPLODULW\WRCytospora pruinopsis >VWUDLQ VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV  768/854 (90 %), no gaps], and Cytospora salicacearum >VWUDLQVKG*HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV  (90 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the tef1 ¿UVW SDUW  sequence had highest similarity to Cytospora viticola [strain &%6  *HQ%DQN0+ ,GHQWLWLHV   (88 %), 17 gaps (5 %)], Cytospora piceae [strain CFCC *HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV    17 gaps (5 %)], and Cytospora elaeagnicola [strain 1322-2, *HQ%DQN0*,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (5 %)]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Cytospora bungeanae [strain CFCC 50495, *HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (8 %)], Cytospora pruinopsis >VWUDLQ&)&&*HQ%DQN KP310819.1; Identities = 583/781 (75 %), 107 gaps (13 %)], and Cytospora mali >VWUDLQ&)&&*HQ%DQN MH933579.1; Identities = 540/696 (78 %), 83 gaps (11 %)]. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 401 3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO ä-XUMHYLü 6%DODVKRY(06/$QDO\WLFDO,QF5RXWH1RUWK&LQQDPLQVRQ1-86$ HPDLO]MXUMHYLF#HPVOFRP VEDODVKRY#HPVOFRP 0RVWOLNHO\SK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZLWK,475((Y .DO\DDQDPRRUWK\et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Cytospora ITS/actA/rpb2/tef1/tub2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap VXSSRUW &XOWXUHFROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHV)RU*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVRILQFOXGHGVHTXHQFHV see Lin et al. (2024). Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Diaporthe vaccinii (CBS  DQGWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGbold font.. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 60 strains including the outgroup; 2756 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 1319 distinct patterns, 933 parsimony- LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUHDFKSDUWLWLRQLQ,475((XVLQJWKH7(671(:RSWLRQZDV ITS: TIM2e+I+G4; actA: TIM2e+G4; rpb2: TNe+G4; tef1: TPM2u+F+I+G4; tub2: HKY+F+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of QXFOHRWLGHVXEVWLWXWLRQVSHUVLWH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  100/100 100/100 100/100 100/100 91.3/85 99.5/100 100/100 99.7/100 87.3/92 99.9/100 92.4/92 99.9/95 99.3/99 100/100 92.3/93 99.9/100 100/100 88.4/100 97.3/99 84.8/81 99.2/97 100/100 75/89 100/100 97.9/90 100/100 100/100 100/100 88.7/84 99.8/100 100/100 Diaporthe vaccinii CBS 160.32 Cytospora berberidis CFCC 89933 Cytospora berberidis CFCC 89927 Cytospora pruinopsis CFCC 50034 Cytospora pruinopsis CFCC 53153 Cytospora pruinopsis CFCC 50035 Cytospora pruinopsis CFCC 58463 Cytospora phialidica MFLUCC 17-2498 Cytospora sibiraeicola CFCC 59101 Cytospora sibiraeicola CFCC 59100 Cytospora michiganensis sp. nov. CPC 48406 Cytospora desmazieri CBS 224.52 Cytospora kunzei CBS 114651 Cytospora kunzei CBS 118093 Cytospora eriobotryae CBS 116846 Cytospora eriobotryae CFCC 89622 Cytospora eriobotryae CFCC 89894 Cytospora mali CBS 109499 Cytospora mali CFCC 50044 Cytospora mali CFCC 50028 Cytospora mali CFCC 50030 Cytospora mali CFCC 50031 Cytospora mali CBS 117012 Cytospora mali CFCC 50029 Cytospora saccardoi CBS 141615 Cytospora saccardoi CBS 109752 Cytospora mougeotii CBS 198.50 Cytospora piceae CFCC 52842 Cytospora piceae CFCC 52841 Cytospora melnikii CFCC 89984 Cytospora melnikii MFLUCC 15-0851 Cytospora salicacearum MFLUCC 15-0861 Cytospora salicacearum MFLUCC 16-0576 Cytospora salicacearum MFLUCC 16-0509 Cytospora salicacearum MFLUCC 16-0587 Cytospora tritici CBS 141625 Cytospora tritici CBS 118563 Cytospora tritici CBS 827.84 Cytospora tritici CBS 118561 Cytospora viticola CBS 141586 Cytospora viticola CBS 141631 Cytospora viticola CBS 141614 Cytospora viticola CBS 141605 Cytospora viticola CBS 141628 Cytospora viticola CBS 141627 Cytospora viticola CBS 141606 Cytospora fraxinea CFCC 56249 Cytospora fraxinea CFCC 56703 Cytospora fraxinea CFCC 56036 Cytospora fraxinea CFCC 58439 Cytospora fraxinea CFCC 58442 Cytospora curvispora CFCC 54001 Cytospora curvispora CFCC 54000 Cytospora spiraeicola CFCC 53139 Cytospora spiraeicola CFCC 53138 Cytospora spiraeae CFCC 50050 Cytospora spiraeae CFCC 50049 Cytospora elaeagnicola CFCC 52882 Cytospora elaeagnicola CFCC 52883 Cytospora elaeagnicola CFCC 52884 0.01 3x Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025402 Superstratomyces massachusettsanus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 403 Fungal Planet 1805 MB 859219 Superstratomyces massachusettsanus&URXV -XUMHYLüsp. nov. Colour illustrations: Laboratory in Charlestown, MA, USA. Conidiomata on SNA; pycnidial conidioma; Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia on SNA; conidia. Scale bars: conidiomata = 80 μm; conidioma = 40 μm; all others = 10 μm. Etymology: Name refers to Massachusetts, USA, where this fungus was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Superstratomycetaceae, Superstratomycetales, Dothideomycetes. Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary or aggregated, globose, brown, 50–80 μm diam., with central ostiole; wall of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining inner cavity, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, 1–2-septate, 10–18 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary, phialidic, 3–10 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, guttulate, ellipsoid with obtuse ends, 3–5 × 2(–2.5) μm. Culture characteristics: Colonies erumpent, spreading, surface folded with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, OREDWHPDUJLQ UHDFKLQJ PPGLDP DIWHU ZN DW ƒ& On MEA, PDA and OA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron JUH\1RJURZWKDWƒ&RQ&<$ Typus: USA, Massachusetts, Charlestown, from lyse buffer, Aug. 2024, =-XUMHYLü, 5860 [holotype CBS H-25703; culture ex-type CPC 47606 = CBS 153531; ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 ¿UVWSDUW tef1 (second part) and tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 PV664025.1, PV664040.1, PV664047.1 and PV664058.1]. Notes: Superstratomyces is characterised by brown pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells and K\DOLQHDVHSWDWHFRQLGLD YDQ1LHXZHQKXLM]HQet al. 2016). Superstratomyces massachusettsanus is morphologically similar to S. albomucosus, except for its smaller conidiomata FRQLGLD ± î ± ȝP FRQLGLRPDWD ± —P GLDPYDQ1LHXZHQKXLM]HQet al. 2016), but phylogenetically distinct. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Superstratomyces albomucosus >VWUDLQ '72 ( *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV      ¿YH JDSV   @ Superstratomyces albomucosus >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN15B Identities = 802/818 (98 %), two gaps (0 %)], 6XSHUVWUDWRP\FHV ÀDYRPXFRVXV [strain CBS 353.84, *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV      VL[ gaps (0 %)], and Superstratomyces atroviridis [strain CBS  *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLWLHV   (97 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Superstratomyces albomucosus [strain DTO '*HQ%DQN.;,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], 6XSHUVWUDWRP\FHVÀDYRPXFRVXV[strain DTO 305- &*HQ%DQN.;,GHQWLWLHV   QR gaps], and Superstratomyces atroviridis [strain CBS 140272, *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb2 ¿UVWSDUW VHTXHQFHKDG highest similarity to Superstratomyces atroviridis [strain FMR *HQ%DQN/5,GHQWLWLHV    one gap (0 %)], Farlowiella carmichaeliana [strain AFTOL-ID *HQ%DQN'4 ,GHQWLWLHV     four gaps (0 %)], and Herpotrichia juniperi [strain HFRN18-  *HQ%DQN /& ,GHQWLWLHV      JDSV  @1RVLJQL¿FDQWKLWVZHUHREWDLQHGZKHQWKH tef1 ¿UVWSDUW DQGtub2 sequences were used in blastn and megablast searches. Closest hits using the tef1 (second part) sequence had highest similarity to Superstratomyces atroviridis >VWUDLQ )05  *HQ%DQN /5 Identities = 416/421 (99 %), no gaps], Superstratomyces albomucosus >VWUDLQ '72 ' *HQ%DQN .; Identities = 434/441 (98 %), no gaps], and Superstratomyces ÀDYRPXFRVXV >VWUDLQ '72 & *HQ%DQN .; Identities = 435/443 (98 %), no gaps]. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025404 Eremomyces bilateralis CBS 781.70NR_145364 Superstratomyces cf. atroviridis FMR 13786LR025130 Superstratomyces cf. atroviridis FMR 17387LR812722 Superstratomyces cf. atroviridis FMR 17387LR025131 Superstratomyces massachusettsanus sp. nov. CPC 47606 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140280KX950422 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140271KX950413 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140281KX950423 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140282KX950424 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140283KX950425 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140284KX950426 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140285KX950427 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140289KX950432 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140344KX950433 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140273KX950415 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140274KX950416 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140277KX950419 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140279KX950421 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140287KX950430 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140270NR_152544 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140275KX950417 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140276KX950418 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140278KX950420 Superstratomyces albomucosus CBS 140286KX950428 Superstratomyces atroviridis CBS 140272NR_152545 Superstratomyces atroviridis CBS 140343KX950429 Superstratomyces atroviridis CBS 140288KX950431 Superstratomyces flavomucosus CBS 353.84NR_152543 10 99 87 84 86 82 99 7KH¿UVWRIWZRHTXDOO\PRVWSDUVLPRQLRXVWUHHVREWDLQHGIURPDPD[LPXPSDUVLPRQ\SK\ORJHQHWLFDQDO\VLV 3$83 YD6ZRIIRUG RI the Superstratomyces ITS nucleotide alignment. The tree was rooted to Eremomyces bilateralis &%6*HQ%DQN15B DQGWKH scale bar indicates the number of changes. Parsimony bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates and > 74 % are shown at the nodes and WKHWKHQRYHOW\GHVFULEHGKHUHLVKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGboldIRQW&XOWXUHFROOHFWLRQRUVSHFLPHQYRXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQN accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. Branches SUHVHQWLQWKHVWULFWFRQVHQVXVWUHHDUHWKLFNHQHG$OLJQPHQWVWDWLVWLFVVWUDLQVLQFOXGLQJWKHRXWJURXSFKDUDFWHUVLQFOXGLQJDOLJQPHQW gaps analysed: 303 constant, 379 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 33 parsimony-informative. Tree statistics: Tree Length = 459, &RQVLVWHQF\,QGH[ 5HWHQWLRQ,QGH[ 5HVFDOHG&RQVLVWHQF\,QGH[ 7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUH FRP GRLP¿JVKDUH  3:&URXV -=*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOSFURXV#ZLNQDZQO HJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO ä-XUMHYLü 6%DODVKRY(06/$QDO\WLFDO,QF5RXWH1RUWK&LQQDPLQVRQ1-86$ HPDLO]MXUMHYLF#HPVOFRP VEDODVKRY#HPVOFRP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 405 Aspergillus halopiscium Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025406 Fungal Planet 1806 MB 858371 Aspergillus halopiscium V.N. Thanh, N.T. Thuy & N.B. Chau, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the habitat where the fungus was IRXQG VDOWHG¿VK  &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes. Sexual structures not observed. Hyphae hyaline, smooth, 3.5–6.0 μm diam., branched, septate. Conidiophores develop from submerged or aerial mycelia, may be branched or unbranched, subcylindrical to ampulliform, hyaline, smooth, and either poly- or monophialidic. Phialides arise directly from the conidiophore without a septum at the base and may be verticillate or irregularly branched, measuring 1.5– 2.5 × 6–8 μm. Conidia occur in short chains (up to 15), are fusoid to ellipsoid, with both ends symmetrically tapered and truncated, thin-walled, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, (3.5–)4– 5(–6) × (6–)7–8(–9) μm. Culture characteristics: The fungus is halophilic, tolerant of up to 15 % NaCl, with optimal growth at 5 % NaCl. Without NaCl addition, growth is restricted and slow, with raised colonies. On malt extract agar (MEA) containing 5 % NaCl, colonies DUHZKLWHÀDWVSUHDGLQJYHOYHW\HQWLUHDQGZULQNOHGDWWKH center, with no diffused pigmentation, reaching 25–30 mm GLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&2SWLPDOJURZWKRFFXUVRQGLOXWHG ¿VKVDXFHDJDUIRUPLQJZKLWHÀDWVSUHDGLQJFKDON\FRORQLHV ZLWKDQHQWLUHPDUJLQDQGUDGLDWLQJZULQNOHVUHDFKLQJ± PPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ& Habit, habitat and distribution: Aspergillus halopiscium is a halophilic fungus obtained from dried marine anchovies and ¿VKVDXFHSURGXFWLRQIDFLOLWLHVLQ9LHWQDP Typus: Vietnam +DQRL ƒ¶1 ƒ¶(  P DVO GU\ marine anchovy Stolephorus commersonnii, May 2019, V.N. Thanh (holotype and culture ex-type permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state OHFS 14.1; ITS-LSU, cmdA, rpb2, and tub2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN0:3939DQG PV568286). Additional material examined: Vietnam +DQRL ƒ¶1 ƒ¶(  P DVO GU\ PDULQH DQFKRYLHV Stolephorus commersonnii, May 2019, V.N. Thanh, culture OHFS 31.1; ITS-LSU, tub2, and cmdA VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN0: 0: DQG 0: 3KX 4XRF ,VODQG ƒ¶1 ƒ¶(  P DVO OHDNDJH IURP D ZRRGHQ ¿VK VDXFH WDQN Stolephorus commersonnii), Aug. 2019, V.N. Thanh, culture VCIM 5445; ITS-LSU and rpb2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN MW473702 and MW473707. Notes: In a study on the diversity of halotolerant fungi DVVRFLDWHGZLWKVDOWHG¿VKSURGXFWV GULHGPDULQH¿VK DQG ¿VK VDXFH SURGXFWLRQ IDFLOLWLHV LQ 9LHWQDP WKUHH VWUDLQV RI Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum were obtained by placing WKHVDPSOHVRQGLOXWHG¿VKVDXFHDJDU  DPLQRDFLGV 7 % NaCl, 2 % agar). The strains were morphologically similar, and nearly identical in the ITS-LSU sequences (1–2 differences in 1178 nuc.). Although the fungus produced both poly- and monophialidic conidiophores, the former was more frequent and well-developed. The strains were halophilic. On MEA, they formed compact and raised colonies, suggesting stressed conditions. Growth was enhanced with the addition of NaCl at concentrations of 5–10 %. Growth was poor at 15 % NaCl, and no growth was observed at 20 % NaCl. )XQJDOJURZWKRQERWK0($DQG¿VKVDXFHDJDUSURGXFHGD strong ammonia odour, indicating a high level of deamination activity. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Aspergillus pisce [strain CBS 101166T*HQ%DQN NR_172275.1; Identities = 475/513 (93 %), 25 gaps (4 %)], and Aspergillus insolitus [strain CBS 384.61T *HQ%DQN NR_154978.1; Identities = 448/488 (92 %), 24 gaps (4 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Aspergillus insolitus [strain CBS 384.61T *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV  652/656 (99 %) one gap (0 %)], and Aspergillus caninus [strain CBS 128032T *HQ%DQN 1*B ,GHQWLWLHV = 601/621 (97 %), four gaps (0 %)]. The closest hit using the rpb2 sequence is Aspergillus pisce [strain CBS 101166T, *HQ%DQN -1 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. The closest hit using the tub2 sequence is Aspergillus pisce [strain CBS 101166T*HQ%DQN0),GHQWLWLHV = 402/439 (92 %), 10 gaps (2 %)]. The closest hit using the cmdA sequence is Aspergillus pisce [strain CBS 101166T, *HQ%DQN 01 ,GHQWLWLHV     WZR gaps (0 %)]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignments and phylogenetic trees). Colour illustrations: Vietnam, Hanoi, a shop selling dried food products, including dried marine anchovies Stolephorus commersonnii (photo credit V.N. Thanh). Aspergillus halopiscium on an anchovy, and closeup photo (top); Aspergillus halopiscium RQ¿VKVDXFHDJDUDIWHUGDWƒ&FRQLGLRSKRUHVDQGFRQLGLD (bottom row). Scale bars = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 407 Aspergillus keratitidis BCRC 34221* KY980580, KY980616, KY980443, KY980544 Aspergillus waynelawii DAOMC 251753* KY980602, KY980638, KY980463, KY980566 Aspergillus sclerotialis CBS 366.77* KY980615, KF267869, JN121505, KY980579 Aspergillus noonimiae CBS 143382* KY980605, KY980641, KY980466, KY980569 Aspergillus thailandensis CBS 143383* KY980606, KY980642, KY980467, KY980570 Aspergillus insolitus CBS 384.61* KY980586, KY980622, KY980447, KY980550 Aspergillus halopiscium OHFS 14.1* PV568286, MW473703, PV568287, PV568288 Aspergillus pisce CBS 101166* MN969231, MF362690, JN121415, MF362691 Aspergillus whitfieldii CBS 143385* KY980609, KY980645, KY980470, KY980573 Aspergillus kalimae CBS 143506* KY980614, KY980650, KY980475, KY980578 Aspergillus baarnensis CBS 380.74* KY980585, KY980621, JN121509, KY980549 Aspergillus salinarus CBS 138583* KY980583, KY980619, KY980445, KY980547 Aspergillus caninus CBS 128032* KY980582, KY980618, JN121445, KY980546 Aspergillus chlamydosporus CBS 109945* KY980581, KY980617, KY980444, KY980545 Aspergillus wentii CBS 104.07* EF652131, EF652151, EF652092, EF652106 92 100 100 93 86 91 98 99 100 90 92 100 0.05 0D[LPXP OLNHOLKRRG WUHH EDVHG RQcmdA, ITS, rpb2, and tub2 sequences of Aspergillus halopiscium and related Aspergillus species. The PD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGXVLQJWKH7DPXUD1HLPRGHO 7DPXUD 1HL LQ0(*$Y .XPDUet al. 2024). Bootstrap VXSSRUWYDOXHVJUHDWHUWKDQDUHJLYHQDWWKHQRGHV*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVDUHLQGLFDWHG VXSHUVFULSW 1RYHOWD[DDUHLQGLFDWHGLQ bold([W\SHVWUDLQVDUHLQGLFDWHGZLWKDVWHULVNV  V.N. Thanh, N.T. Thuy & N.B. Chau, Food Industries Research Institute, 301 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam; HPDLOWKDQKYQ#¿ULYQWKX\QW#¿ULYQ FKDXQE#¿ULYQ Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025408 Atromagnispora indianensis Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 409 Fungal Planet 1807 MB 857536 Atromagnispora 5DMD /0 -DFREXV +HQULTXHV & Oberlies, gen. nov. Etymology: “atrum´LQ/DWLQPHDQLQJGDUNDQG³magnus” in Latin PHDQLQJ ODUJH UHIHUULQJ WR WKH GDUN DQG ODUJH DVFRVSRUHV RI WKH fungus. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pleosporales, Lindgomycetaceae, Dothideomycetes. Ascomata RQZRRGEODFNFDUERQDFHRXVVROLWDU\RUJURXSHG JORERVH WR VXEJORERVH VXSHU¿FLDO WR SDUWLDOO\ LPPHUVHG OstiolateZLWKDVKRUWQHFNPeridium WKLFNZDOOHGareolate in surface view. Hamathecium comprising numerous cellular pseudoparaphyses, septate, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci HLJKWVSRUHG ELWXQLFDWH ¿VVLWXQLFDWH JORERVH WRVXEJORERVHZLWKDVKRUWVWDONRUQRWWKLFNZDOOHGPRVWO\ deliquescent at maturity, without an apical ring. Ascospores broadly fusoid to ellipsoidal, bi- to triseriate, 1-septate bi- apiculate, with hyaline, bipolar papillae. Young ascospores K\DOLQH¿OOHGZLWKOLSLGGURSOHWVVXUURXQGHGE\ODUJHWKLFN walled, striated sheath as well as an outer thin mucilaginous sheath which expands in the water; mature ascospores EHFRPHGDUNEURZQWREODFNDQGURXJKZDOOHGWRUHWLFXODWHRU warted in surface view. Type species: Atromagnispora indianensis 5DMD /0 -DFREXV Henriques & Oberlies MB 857537 Atromagnispora indianensis 5DMD/0-DFREXV+HQULTXHV & Oberlies, sp. nov. Etymology: “indianensis” name refers to the state of Indiana ZKHUHWKHIXQJXVLVSUHVHQWO\NQRZQ Ascomata on wood 265–335 × ± —P EODFN carbonaceous, solitary or grouped, globose to subglobose, VXSHU¿FLDOWRSDUWLDOO\LPPHUVHGZLWKDSOXPHRIODUJHEODFN ascospores oozing out of the ostiole. Ostiolate with a short QHFN2VWLROHURXQGHG±—PZLGHPeridium WKLFNZDOOHG and areolate in surface view. Hamathecium comprising numerous cellular pseudoparaphyses, septate, 2–3μm wide, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci eight-spored, ELWXQLFDWH¿VVLWXQLFDWHJORERVH WRVXEJORERVHZLWKDVKRUW VWDONWKLFNZDOOHGPRVWGHOLTXHVFHQWDWPDWXULW\ZLWKRXWDQ apical ring, 102–192 × 57–140 μm (av. and SD = 150 ± 32 × 104 ± 26 μm, n = 20). Ascospores bi- to triseriate, broadly fusiform to ellipsoidal, hyaline when young, 61–81× 26–34 μm (av. and SD = 75 ± 5 × 30 ± 2 μm, n = 20), 1-septate, bi- DSLFXODWH¿OOHGZLWKOLSLGGURSOHWVZLWKK\DOLQHELSRODUSDSLOOD 5–7 × 6–7 μm, VXUURXQGHGE\ ODUJH WKLFN VWULDWHGVKHDWK 10–14 μm wide at the apex and 6–10 μm wide at the sides; as well as an outer thin-walled mucilaginous sheath which expands in the water, 10–20 μm wide. Older ascospores 89–120 × 47–62 μm (av. and SD =106 ± 7 × 53 ± 4 μm, n = 30) DW ¿UVW OLJKWO\ SLJPHQWHG DQG SDOH EURZQZLWK WZR large guttules; as the ascospores age further, the sheath and the bipolar papillae begin to get appressed to the older DVFRVSRUHVPDWXUHDVFRVSRUHVEHFRPHGDUNEURZQVHSWXP GDUNHQV WRZDUGV WKH SHULSKHU\ URXJK ZDOOHG WR UHWLFXODWH RUZDUWHG LQ VXUIDFH YLHZ XOWLPDWHO\ EHFRPLQJ GDUN EODFN Older ascospores germinating at the apices. Asexual morph XQNQRZQ Culture characteristics: On peptone yeast glucose (PYG), colonies grow slowly, attaining 25–30 mm diam. after 30 GDW ƒ&RQ D K OLJKWGDUN F\FOH7KHDHULDOP\FHOLXP appears whitish gray to pale brown, circular in shape, raised DQGÀRFFXORVHLQWKHFHQWHUWKDWKDVDPDUJLQDO]RQHRISDOH brown mycelium. The hyphae are both aerial and submerged, septate, and measure 2–3 μm in width. Reverse side of the FRORQ\LVRSDTXHUDQJLQJIURPGDUNWRSDOHEURZQDQGDOLJKW brown pigment is exuded into the surrounding agar. Habit, habitat and distribution: Submerged wood, freshwater stream in Indiana, USA. Typus: USA ,QGLDQD 0DUWLQ &RXQW\ (DVW )RUN :KLWH 5LYHU DW Hindostan Falls, lower boat ramp, ƒ¶´1 ƒ¶´: 20 Jul. 2024, water temperature 26 ºC, pH 8.5, L.M. Jacobus & S. Henriques, G1216 (holotype ILLS00123000); ex-type living culture CBS 153515, single ascospore isolate from holotype *HQ%DQN ITS LSU and WHIĮ sequences PV068212, PV068213, PV061841, PV061842, PV061008, PV061009. Notes: The ascomycete fungal genus that comes to mind when the morphological characters of the new genus are examined under the microscope, is Caryospora, Astrosphaeriellaceae, Pleosporales, Ascomycota. Mainly resembling C. aquatica, C. minima, and C. quercus (Dong et al. 2020b). However, the combination of characters, in At. indianensis such as Colour illustrations(DVW)RUN:KLWH5LYHU,QGLDQD86$ SKRWRFUHGLW L.M. Jacobus). Atromagnispora indianensis from holotype; ascomata on wood, note arrow indicating ascospores oozing out of the ostiole; squash mount of peridial wall in surface view; psedoparaphyses; WKLFNZDOOHG DVFXV ZLWK DVFRVSRUHV DVFXV VKRZLQJ GDUN EURZQ RQHVHSWDWH DVFRVSRUHV QRWH DUURZ VKRZLQJ DVFXV VWDON \RXQJ DVFRVSRUHZLWKODUJHWKLFNVWULDWHGVKHDWKDQGQRWHDUURZLQGLFDWLQJ outer thin-walled mucilaginous sheath which expands in the water; DVFRVSRUHPRUSKRORJ\IURP\RXQJK\DOLQHWRGDUNEURZQWREODFN note arrows showing the bipolar papillae. Scale bars: ascomata = 200 μm; peridial wall = 20 μm; ascus and ascospores = 20 μm and 50 μm; pseudoparaphyses = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025410 ODUJH WKLFNZDOOHG JORERVH WR VXEJORERVH DVFL FHOOXODU pseudoparaphyses, large ascospores (89–120 × 47–62 μm), with a striated and mucilaginous sheath with hyaline bipolar papillae, differentiate Atromagnispora from Caryospora. Although, a two-layered sheath is also seen in C. quercus, (Dong et al. 2020b) and a large sheath, which spreads in water is present in C. minima (Hyde et al. 1998), when observed more closely, these fungi have vastly different sheaths surrounding their ascospores. Atromagnispora indianensis also morphologically resembles C. callicarpa in the size of WKH GDUN EURZQDVFRVSRUHV DQGSUHVHQFHRI ELSRODU DSLFDO cells. However, At. indianensis differs from C. callicarpa in QRWKDYLQJDGDUNEDQGRIVHSWDDQGKDVDGLIIHUHQWSDWWHUQ of striations compared to C. callicarpa +DZNVZRUWK et al. 2010). In addition, CaryosporaVKRZVSK\ORJHQHWLFDI¿OLDWLRQ with the family Astrosphaeriellaceae, (Dong et al. 2020b) whereas Atromagnispora VKRZVSK\ORJHQHWLFDI¿QLW\ WR WKH Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales (Hirayama et al. 2010, 5DMD et al. 2017; present study). $QRWKHU IUHVKZDWHU JHQXV ZKLFK EHDUV VXSHU¿FLDO similarities to Atromagnispora is Angustospora nilensis (Li et al. 2016). However, At. indianensis differs from An. nilensis in both morphological characters and phylogenetic position. Atromagnispora is phylogenetically related to Lindgomycetaceae, whereas An. nilenis shows relatedness to the Testudinaceae (Li et al. 2016). Morphologically, At. indianensis differs from An. nilensis in ascus, and ascospore morphology; the asci in At. indianensis DUH WKLFNZDOOHG globose to subglobose, while An. nilensis has clavate asci. The ascospores of At. indianensis are larger, fusiform when hyaline have a striated and large mucilaginous sheath, with reticulate pattern on the mature ascospore surface; characters largely absent in ascospores of An. nilensis. Interestingly, the morphology of ascospores of Atromagnispora also resembles that Ascomauritiana (Ranghoo & Hyde 1999), when they are seen on the surface of wood substrate after oozing out of the ascomata ostiole, DOEHLWRQO\VXSHU¿FLDOO\ ,Q DGGLWLRQ5DMD et al. (2010) conducted a comparison of seven morphologically similar members (Alascospora evergladensis, Caryospora putaminum, =RS¿D UKL]RSKLOD, Pontoporeia biturbinata, =RS¿RIRYHROD SXQFWDWD, Testudina terrestris, Verruculina enalia) of the Pleosporales, which were collected from various habitats, including terrestrial, freshwater, mangrove, and marine environments. All these IXQJLIHDWXUHWKLFNZDOOHGJORERVHWRVXEJORERVHDQGFODYDWH WRF\OLQGULFDODVFLDQGSURGXFHHOOLSVRLGDOPDWXUHGDUNEURZQ WR EODFN VHSWDWH DVFRVSRUHV 7KHVH DVFRVSRUHV PD\ have a rough-walled surface and may or may not possess ELSRODUSDSLOODH7KHQHZO\LGHQWL¿HGJHQXVAt. indianensis is distinct from these seven genera as it occurs on submerged wood in freshwater and is distinguished by its large broadly fusiform to ellipsoidal ascospores, as well as a combination of a striated and expanding gelatinous sheaths, which is evident in young ascospores. In addition, the ascospores of At. indianensis are equipped with hyaline, bipolar papillae, and reticulate ornamentation on the surface; characters that are largely absent in the aforementioned taxa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on combined partial 28S nrRNA and WHIĮDOVRFRQ¿UPWKDWA. indianensis is distinct from Caryospora, Angustospora and =RS¿D (Supplementary material). Atromagnispora indianensis is also morphologically similar to =RS¿D +DZNVZRUWK  +DZNVZRUWK  %RRWK   LQKDYLQJJORERVH WKLFNZDOOHGDVFLDQGGDUNEURZQ WR EODFN RUQDPHQWHG HOOLSVRLGDO DVFRVSRUHV ZLWK ELSRODU papillae. However, A. indianensis differs from =RS¿D in having ostiolate ascomata and larger ascospores with two different types of sheaths in younger ascospores. The peridial wall of A. indianensis appears to be areolate in surface view, while =RS¿D VSS VKRZ D FHSKDORWKHFRLG ZDOO +DZNVZRUWK  Booth 1974). Lundqvist (1972) referred to the cephalothecoid peridium wall as “areolate” which is similar to what we observe in A. indianensis; but the term “cephalothecoid” was retained for fungi in the genus =RS¿D +DZNVZRUWKDQG Booth 1974). Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analysis based on combined 28S nrRNA and WHIĮ sequence data FRQ¿UPWKDWA. indianensis is distinct from =RS¿DUKL]RSKLOD (Supplementary material). Atromagnispora indianensis is an unusual morphological clade in the Lindgomycetaceae 3HUV FRPP . 7DQDND 2025). Supplementary material: KWWSV¿JVKDUHFRPV ffd85112937197b99a99 (alignments, table with accession numbers, and additional phylogenetic trees). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 411 Aigialus grandis BCC18419 Aigialus mangrovis BCC33563 Salsuginea ramicola KT2597-1 Salsuginea ramicola KT2597-2 Wicklowia aquatica AF289-1 Wicklowia aquatica F76-2 Neolindgomyces pandanae MFLUCC18-0245 Neolindgomyces pandanae MFLUCC18-1539 Neolindgomyces pandanae MFLUCC18-1546100 Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis MFLUCC21-0082 Pleosporales sp. F65-1 100 100 Arundellina typhae MFLUCC16-0309 Arundellina typhae MFLUCC16-0310 Hongkongmyces pedis HKU35 Hongkongmyces snookiorum ILLS00125755 Hongkongmyces brunneosporus DLUCC 1425 100 Hongkongmyces brunneosporus MFLUCC18-1509 Hongkongmyces thailandicus MFLUCC16-0406 Massariosphaeria typhicola KT797 Massariosphaeria typhicola KT667 Trematosphaeria hydrela CBS 880.70 Trematosphaeria hydrela HKUCC10666 Clohesyomyces aquaticus MFLUCC11-0092 100 93 Aquimassariosphaeria kunmingensis KUMCC18-1019 Aquimassariosphaeria typhicola CBS 609.8696 Lolia aquatica MF644 Lolia aquatica CBS H-22130 Lolia dictyospora CBS H-22131 100 98 100 96 Atromagnispora indianensis G1216 Atromagnispora indianensis G1216 Lindgomyces angustiascus A640-1a Lindgomyces lemonweirensis A632-1a Lindgomyces ingoldianus ATCC200398 100 Lindgomyces breviappendiculatus KT1399 Lindgomyces griseosporus BJFUCC200007 Lindgomyces madisonensis G416a Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis KT2742 95 Lindgomyces cinctosporus R56 Lindgomyces okinawaensis KT353199 100 Lindgomyces apiculatus KT1108 Lindgomyces carolinensis G618 Lindgomyces cigarosporus G619 Lindgomyces rotundatus KT96699 99 100 95 97 95 97 100 100 95 100 0.05 +$5DMD 1+2EHUOLHV'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLVWU\DQG%LRFKHPLVWU\8QLYHUVLW\RI1RUWK&DUROLQDDW*UHHQVERUR1RUWK&DUROLQD *UHHQVERUR86$HPDLOKDUDMD#XQFJHGX n_oberli@uncg.edu L.M. Jacobus, Indiana Univ. Columbus 4601 Central Ave, Columbus, Indiana 47203, USA; e-mail: OPMDFREX#LXHGX S. Henriques & M. Bohm, Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 W Washington St., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; e-mail: e-mail: henriquesbio@gmail.com 3K\ORJUDPRIWKHPRVWOLNHO\WUHH OQ/  IURPDQ,475((YDQDO\VLV 1JX\HQ et al. 2015) of 43 taxa based on ITS, partial 28S nrRNA, and WHIĮ DOLJQPHQW OHQJWKES XQGHUWKH(GJHOLQNHGSDUWLWLRQPRGHO IRUXOWUDIDVWERRWVWUDSUHSOLFDWHV 0LQK et al. 2013) using PhyloSuite v. 1.2.3 (Xiang et al.  1XPEHUVUHIHUWR8)%RRWVXSSRUWYDOXHV•1RGHV•DUHFRQVLGHUHGVWURQJO\ VXSSRUWHG7KLFNHQHGEUDQFKHVLQGLFDWHVLJQL¿FDQW%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV•%D\HVLDQDQDO\VHVZHUHUXQIRU0JHQHUDWLRQV using MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012) under the GTR+G model for the ITS region, the TIEMF+I+G model for the partial 28S nRNA gene region, and TRN+G model for WHIĮ using PartitionFinder2 (Lanfear et al. 2017). ClipKit (KWWSVGHYFOLSNLWJHQRPHO\ELRFRP  6WHHQZ\N et al. 2020) was used to remove ambiguous characters from the alignments of each region prior to concatenation using SequenceMatrix v.1.0 (Vaidya et al. 2011). The new genus is highlighted in bold. Scale bar indicates the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Taxon sampling was performed as per Dan-Feng et al. (2021) and Boonmee et al. (2021). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025412 Botryotrichum lycii Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 413 Fungal Planet 1808 MB 858531 Botryotrichum lycii 6D¿ 00HKUDEL.RXVKNLsp. nov. Etymology: Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Lycium. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Chaetomiaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetes. Morphology on potato dextrose agar (PDA): Ascomata semi- LPPHUVHG WR LPPHUVHG LQ WKH DJDU VROLWDU\ RVWLRODWH GDUN EURZQWREODFNJORERVHWRVXEJORERVH ± ± ±  î ± ±ȝPFRQ¿GHQFHOLPLWV ± î±ȝP  “6'  “ î  “  ȝPQ  Ascomatal wallGDUNEURZQWH[WXUDLQWULFDWDRU epidermoidea in surface. Ascomatal hairs covering the whole DVFRPDWDK\SKDOOLNHVPRRWKÀH[XRXVRUVOLJKWO\XQGXODWH GDUNEURZQWREODFNSDOHUWRZDUGVWKHWLSV±ȝPGLDP near the base, varying in length. Asci clavate, spore-bearing SDUW ± ± î ± ȝP Q  ZLWK VWDONV ± ± ± î±ȝP ORQJ Q  FRQWDLQLQJHLJKW irregularly arranged or biseriate ascospores. Ascospores aseptate, smooth, olive brown, amygdaliform to fusiform, with DQDSLFDO JHUPSRUH±î±ȝP FRQ¿GHQFH OLPLWV ±î±ȝP “6' “î“ ȝPQ  Asexual morph not observed. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 16 mm GLDP DIWHU  G RI LQFXEDWLRQ DW  “ ƒ& DQG PP GLDP DW  “ ƒ& FUHDP\ WR SDOH EURZQ LUUHJXODUZLWK undulate margin; reverse creamy brown with irregular margin. Colonies on oatmeal agar (OA) reaching 15 mm diam. after GRI LQFXEDWLRQDW“ƒ&DQGPPGLDPDW“ ƒ&JUH\ LQ WKHFHQWUHZLWK LUUHJXODU OLJKWEURZQPDUJLQ DVFRPD VFDWWHUHG RQ FRORQ\ DV EODFN GRWV UHYHUVH SDOH brown with irregular margin. Typus: Iran, Khuzestan Province, Shadegan, isolated from rotten leaf of Lycium depressum (Solanaceae), Dec. 2022, $6D¿ (holotype IRAN 18535F, culture ex-type IRAN 5095C = SCUA-Saf-Ch9; ITS, tub2 and rpb2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 DQG PV173110). Additional material examined: Iran, Khuzestan Province, Shadegan, isolated from rotten leaf of L. depressum, Dec. 2022, $6D¿, culture SCUA-Saf-Ch9-2; ITS, tub2 and rpb2 VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN3939DQG39 Notes: The closest match in the BLASTn search for ITS and tub2 sequences of Botryotrichum lycii IRAN 5095C was B. verrucosum VWUDLQ &%6  ,76*HQ%DQN15 identities = 99.2 %; tub2 *HQ%DQN /7 LGHQWLWLHV = 94.4 %), and for rpb2 sequences was B. inquinatum strain CBS 155.80 (rpb2: *HQ%DQN0. LGHQWLWLHV  94.8 %). Botryotrichum lycii is phylogenetically related to B. inquinatum (MLBS 65 %). This new species and the ex-type strain of B. inquinatum (CBS 155.80) showed 5 bp difference (1.3 %) across 363 nucleotides of the ITS region, 46 bp difference (9.3 %) across 497 nucleotides of the tub2 region, and 28 bp difference (5.1 %) across 557 nucleotides of the rpb2 region. Morphologically, B. lycii can be distinguished from B. inquinatum by smaller ascomata [(76.5–)121.5–302(–  î ± ±ȝP YV ± ±ȝPGLDP@DQG DVFRVSRUHV±î±ȝP vs (16–)17–19(–20.5) × (11.5– ±ȝP:DQJet al. 2022]. Botryotrichum inquinatum was introduced with the description of strains obtained from desert soil in Egypt and sewage sludge in Japan (Wang et al. 2022), while the strains of B. lycii were isolated from rotten leaves of Lycium depressum. Supplementary material: The composite alignment and supplementary table showing the accession numbers of the sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis were deposited DW¿JVKDUHFRP '2,P¿JVKDUH  Colour illustrations: Lycium depressum, Shadegan, Khuzestan Province, Iran. From bottom to top and left to right: 12-d-old colony on OA and PDA in surface and reverse, respectively; a 30-d-old colony on PDA in surface and reverse, respectively; ascomata; asci; DVFRVSRUHV6FDOHEDUVDVFRPDWD ȝPDVFLDQGDVFRVSRUHV  ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025414 $6D¿'HSDUWPHQWRI3ODQW3URWHFWLRQ)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH6KDKLG&KDPUDQ8QLYHUVLW\RI$KYD]$KYD].KX]HVWDQ3URYLQFH,UDQ HPDLODWHQDVD¿LL#JPDLOFRP 00HKUDEL.RXVKNL'HSDUWPHQWRI3ODQW3URWHFWLRQ)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH6KDKLG&KDPUDQ8QLYHUVLW\RI$KYD]$KYD].KX]HVWDQ3URYLQFH Iran, and Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; e-mail: mhdmhrb@scu.ac.ir M. Arzanlou, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; e-mail: arzanlou@tabrizu.ac.ir P. Eisvand, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran; e-mail: payameisvand@yahoo.com 5$[0/SK\ORJHQHWLFWUHHFRQVWUXFWHGIURPDPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVEDVHGRQWKHFRPELQHG,76tub2 and rpb2 sequences of Botryotrichum species. The tree was rooted to Chaetomium globosum strain CBS 160.62. Bootstrap support values (MLBS, MPBS, respectively) obtained in PD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/7U1* DQGPD[LPXPSDUVLPRQ\ 03 DQDO\VHV!DQG%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLW\YDOXHV %33 •DUH shown at the nodes, respectively (Software used: ML: raxmlGUI v. 2.0 beta, Edler et al. 2019; MP: MEGA v. 7, Tamura et al.%,M0RGHO7HVW 2 and MrBayes v. 3.2.6, Darriba et al. 2012, Ronquist et al. 2012). The new taxon is indicated in bold. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 415 FP 1809 plate Corrupt Callistosporium khalidii Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025416 Fungal Planet 1809 MB 857592 Callistosporium khalidii S. Haroon, M. Haqnawaz, H. Ali, S. Sarwar & Afshan, sp. nov. Etymology: 7KH VSHFL¿F HSLWKHW ³NKDOLGLL´ /DWLQ  LV QDPHG LQ honour of the distinguished mycologist, Prof. Dr Abdul Nair Khalid, LQ UHFRJQLWLRQRIKLVVLJQL¿FDQWFRQWULEXWLRQV WR IXQJDO WD[RQRP\ LQ 3DNLVWDQ &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Callistosporiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata small in size. Pileus 1.5–2.1 cm diam., pulvinate to parabolic, depressed, incurved margin, dull yellow orange at centre (10 YR 7/3; Munsell 1975), orange at margin (7.5 YR 6/6), smooth texture, entire, even or regulate margin of the cap. Lamellae short decurrent, narrow, tapering, sub distant, pale yellow (25 YR 8/4), even and entire margin of the gills, smooth, 1–2 tiers. Stipe 20–30 mm long and 2– 4 PPZLGHFHQWUDOFRPSUHVVHGWRÀH[XRXVSDOH\HOORZ < 8/3), smooth; volva and annulus absent; taste and odour not distinctive. Basidiospores [30/1/7 (1.6–)1.8–2.7(–2.8) × (1.0– )1.1–1.8(–1.9) μm, avl × avw 1.4 × 2.2. Q 1.17–2.0, Qav 1.51, thin-walled, amygdaliform in side view, ellipsoid in front view, apiculate, guttulate, apiculate, smooth, hyaline with yellow to green guttule in 5 % KOH. Basidia (7.8–)8.3–24.1(–26.2) × (2.4–)2.5–5.9(–6.0) μm (avl × avw, 17.3 × 4.28), thin-walled, multi guttulate, 4 sterigmata, clavate to broadly clavate, cytoplasmic content hyaline while guttules appear greenish in 5 % KOH. Cheilocystidia (6.7–)7.4–13.0(–16.6) × (0.7–)0.9– 1.8(–2.3) μm (avl × avw, 9.77 × 1.28), clavate, cylindrical, VXEFDSLWDWH DQG VOLJKWO\ ÀH[XRVH ZLWK URXQG DSH[ WKLQ walled, smooth, clamp connection present, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama subregular to slightly divergent. Pileipellis±ȝPGLDPLQWHUZRYHQ intricate trichoderm irregularly arranged, branched, thin- walled, septate, granulous pigments present, no clamp connection, capitate ends. Pileocystediya (9.0–)11.8–66.6(– 67.8) × (1.4–)1.6–13.1(–14.6) μm (avl × avw, 25 × 4.99), pileus with scattered emergent terminal elements, cylindrical WRVOLJKWO\ÀH[XRVHDQGQDUURZO\FODYDWHWRORQJHUHFWFODYDWH capitate to subcapitate apex, thin walled, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Stipeipellis ±ȝPZLGH WKLQZDOOHG LUUHJXODUO\ arranged hyphae, septate, branched, intricate trichoderm capitate ends, dense granulous pigments present, no clamp connection, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Caulocystidia (7.8–)8.3–24.1(–26.2) × (2.4–)2.5–5.9(–6.0) μm (avl × avw, 43.5 × 10.6), cylindrical, capitate to subcapitate, ellipsoid, sphaeropedunculate, lecythiform, clavate, thin-walled, present on whole stipe, with rounded, capitate to subcapitate apex. Habit, habitat and distribution: Gregarious, in coniferous forest near rhizosphere area of conifer trees on soil rich in organic matter. Typus: Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, District Bhimber, Tehsil Samahni, 798 m a.s.l., humus soil, gregariously on rhizosphere area of pine trees in coniferous forest, Aug. 2024, S. Haroon SH56 (holotype/$+,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39 and PV105648). Additional material examined: Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, District Bhimber, Tehsil Samahni, 798 m a.s.l., humus soil, gregariously near rhizosphere of pine trees in coniferous forest, Sep. 2024, S. Haroon SH102, LAH38565, ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39 Notes: Morphological, anatomical, and phylogenetic analyses reveal that C. khalidii is closely related to C. luteoolivaceum (Italy), C. graminicolor, and C. elegans (Saba & Khalid 2014, Vizzini et al. 2020, Xu et al. 2021). Callistosporium khalidii forms a distinct clade with a high bootstrap support, distinguishing it from C. luteo-olivaceum found in Italy. Furthermore, it is characterized by a pulvinate to parabolic pileus with a depressed centre and incurved margins, smooth orange surface with a dull yellow orange centre, decurrent lamellae, central stipe, and amygdaliform spores in side view and ellipsoid in front view, av. 1.4–2.2 μm. Additionally, it possesses capitate to subcapitate, ellipsoid, sphaeropedunculate, lecythiform caulocystidia. In contrast, C. luteo-olivaceum reported from the USA exhibits D VOLJKWO\ KHPLVSKHULFDO FRQYH[ WR ÀDWFRQYH[ SLOHXV ZLWK straight, striate margins, velutinous, yellowish brown to olive brown surface, emarginated, ventricose lamellae, eccentric VWLSH DQG HOOLSVRLG VSRUHV DGD[LDOO\ ÀDWWHQHG LQ VLGH YLHZ DY±—PDVZHOODVODJHQLIRUPVRPHWLPHVÀH[XRVH bilobed caulocystidia (Moser 1986, Martin 2012, Vesterholt +ROHF6DED .KDOLG-DQþRYLþRYiet al. 2016, Picciola & Zugna 2017). Callistosporium graminicolor differs from C. khalidii because of its larger spores (6.0–8.0 × 4.0–  ȝP  9L]]LQL et al.  .D\JXVX]  'HPLUDN   Callistosporium elegans is another closely related species reported from Belize, is distinguished from our taxon by its hemispheric to broadly convex pileus with inrolled margin, PDURRQRUEULFNUHGVXOFDWHVWULDWHFDSRIPDUJLQJODEURXV but granulose at the centre, and hygrophanous pileus, adnate, sinuate or sub-arcuate-decurrent lamellae, ellipsoid to ovoid large spores, av. 3.3 × 4.9 μm and subcapitate to ELOREHGFKHLORF\VWLGLD 'HVMDUGLQ 3HUU\  A BLAST analysis revealed that the ITS sequences exhibited 97.39 % similarity with PleurocollybiaVS *HQ%DQN KP311477, unpublished), while the LSU sequences displayed 99.11 % similarity with Pleurocollybia VS *HQ%DQN KP311402, unpublished). For the phylogenetic analysis, a dataset of 36 ITS sequences, including Guyanagarika pakaraimensis *HQ%DQN .;  Guyanagarika aurantia *HQ%DQN.; DQGGuyanagarika anomala Colour illustrations: 3DNLVWDQ Azad Jammu and Kashmir, District Bhimber, Tehsil Samahni, 798 m a.s.l., humus soil, gregariously QHDU WKH EDVH RI WKH WUXQN RI IUHVK SLQH WUHH LQ FRQLIHURXV IRUHVW Basidiomata of Callistosporium khalidii in natural habitat; line drawings of basidia, basidiospores, cheilocystidia, pileus and stipe elements; basidiospores in 5 % KOH and Congo red. Scale bars: basidiomata = 10 μm; micromorphology = 5 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 417 0.3 KX092073 Guyanagarika aurantia HQ179664 Clitocybe hesleri MN017509 Callistosporium elegans MN017547 Macrocybe titans OK442664 Xerophorus donadinii MH989589 Anupama indica KR135359 Pleurocollybia sp KR818912 Pseudolaccaria pachyphylla MN017559 Xerophorus olivascens MN017550 Xerophorus dominicanus MN017555 Xerophorus olivascens OM473417 Callistosporium hesleri KX092088 Guyanagarika pakaraimensis KX092095 Guyanagarika anomala MF100956 Callistosporium praemultifolium KU058504 Pseudolaccaria pachyphylla DQ484065 Callistosporium graminicolor MN017551 Xerophorus donadinii OQ947796 Xerophorus pakistanicus MN017546 Macrocybe titans OQ947795 Xerophorus pakistanicus MN017524 Callistosporium praemultifolium MN017549 Pseudolaccaria fellea MN017506 Callistosporium elaeodes MN017518 Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum PV093926 Callistosporium khalidii KJ101607 Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum MN017504 Callistosporium elaeodes MN017515 Callistosporium imbricatum MN017543 Macrocybe sardoa MN017519 Callistosporium pinicola KP311477 Pleurocollybia sp MN017542 Macrocybe sardoa HM191750 Pseudolaccaria pachyphylla PV110979 Callistosporium khalidii MK564541 Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum KF291251 Pseudoomphalina pachyphylla MN017521 Callistosporium pinicola MH989590 Anupama indica 100 100 53 100 71 100 83 100 99 79 100 90 77 98 95 84 91 100 64 95 100 95 100 93 95 100 99 98 100 *HQ%DQN .;  DV RXWJURXSV ZDV DVVHPEOHG The LSU dataset comprised 29 sequences retrieved from *HQ%DQN ZLWK Guyanagarika pakaraimensis *HQ%DQN KX092106) serving as an outgroup. In the phylogenetic analysis, the ITS tree indicated that our sequences formed an independent clade with Pleurocollybia VS *HQ%DQN KP311477), with strong bootstrap support. Similarly, the LSU The concatenated ITS dataset was analysed using the RAxML-HPC2 v. 8.2.10 tool on the XSEDE platform within CIPRES Gateway v. 3.1 (Miller et al.6WDPDWDNLV 7KLVDQDO\VLVLQFRUSRUDWHGERRWVWUDSUHSOLFDWHVDQGHPSOR\HGWKH*75*DPPDVXEVWLWXWLRQPRGHO7KH resulting tree was visualized using FigTree v. 1.4.2 (Rambaut 2014). The novel species is shown in bold font. 6+DURRQ0+DTQDZD]+$OL66DUZDU 16$IVKDQ,QVWLWXWHRI%RWDQ\8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH3XQMDE/DKRUH3DNLVWDQ e-mail: sumanharoon56@gmail.com, m.haqnawaz144@gmail.com, hiraali3110@gmail.com, samina_boletus@yahoo.com & QDMDPXOVHKDUERWDQ\#SXHGXSN tree demonstrated that our sequences formed an independent clade with PleurocollybiaVS *HQ%DQN.3 DOVRZLWK strong bootstrap support. Supplementary material: KWWSV¿JVKDUHFRPV adb79f06bf207a50489a (phylogenetic tree). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025418 Clavulus hemisphaericus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 419 Fungal Planet 1810 MB 857872 Clavulus A. Mateos, De la Peña-Lastra & Olariaga, gen. nov. Etymology7KHHSLWKHWUHIHUVWRWKHVPDOOFORYHOLNHVKDSHRIWKH basidiomata. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata clavarioid, reminiscent of craterellioid or physalacrioid forms. Fertile part solid, with hymenium covering the upper surface. Stipe central, smooth, and translucent when wet. Surface white, pubescent, drying pale yellow. Context thin, indistinct taste and odour. Spores globose to broadly ovoid, hyaline, with a prominent apiculus. Basidia cylindrical-clavate, clampless. Hymenium with irregular crystallized deposits. Leptocystidia pyriform to clavate, immersed; gloecystidia obovoid, scattered. Hyphal system monomitic, dextrinoid in Melzer’s reagent. Ecology gregarious, associated with decaying wood in forested areas. Type species: Clavulus hemisphaericus A. Mateos, De la Peña- Lastra & Olariaga Notes: The new genus Clavulus is nested within Clavariaceae in the combined analyses inferred from the nr5.8S, nrLSU (28S), nrSSU (18S), RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 regions, holding a position basal to the genus Clavulinopsis (see Supplementary material). Additionally, megablast searches LQ1&%,V*HQ%DQNQXFOHRWLGHGDWDEDVH UHWULHYHDVFORVHU hits sequences attributed to Clavariaceae and especially Clavulinopsis. Clavulus differs from Clavulinopsis in having reduced clavarioid basidiomata with a claviform fertile part, the absence of clamps – basidiomata are devoid of clamps in Clavulinopsis, always have 2-spored basidia and are derived from a parthenogenetic reproduction mode –, presence of cystidia and crystallized deposits among contextual hyphae. MB 857873 Clavulus hemisphaericus A. Mateos, De la Peña-Lastra & Olariaga, sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet refers to the form of the capitulum, which is regularly hemispherical. Basidiomata gregarious, clavarioid, reminiscent of craterelloid or physalacrioid basidiomata, unbranched, small-sized, 0.8– 2.6 mm high. Fertile part as a hemispherical head, 0.2–1.2 mm diam., solid, with the hymenium covering the upper FRQYH[VXUIDFHZLWKDQ LQUROOHGPDUJLQUHJXODUDW¿UVWDQG then somewhat wavy, the lower concave part sterile, formed by folds or low veins, irregular and distant. Stipe central, gradually broader towards the apex and fusing with the fertile part, with the smooth part until 3/5 of its height, 0.3–1.2 mm high, terete in section 0.04–0.08 mm broad. The stipe surface is smooth or slightly pruinose, generally white, but the stipe is translucent when wet, pubescent and slightly grey; upon drying pale yellow and reddish brown tones appear at the stipe apex. Context exiguous, concolourous to cutis, without distinct taste and odour. Basidiospores (4.9–)5.1–5.5–5.7(– 6.7) × (4.7–)4.9–5.3–5.7(–6.5) μm; Q = 1–1.05–1.09(–1.1); N = 30; Ve = 80 μm3, globose to subglobose, broadly ovoid WR ¿JVKDSHGZLWK D ODUJH \HOORZLVK JUHHQLVK JXWWXOH ZLWK DSURPLQHQWDSLFXOXVRIXSWRîȝPK\DOLQHZLWKRXW iodine reactions, congophilous. Basidia 18–39 × 5–6.5 ȝP ± VSRUHG F\OLQGULFDOFODYDWH ZLWK VWHULJPDWD RI XS WRȝP ORQJ FODPSOHVVHymenium and subhymenium with abundant, amorphous, irregular, crystallized deposits among hyphae, sometimes, bipyramidal or baculiform and concentrically striate. Leptocystidia (10.9–)21.5–27.0(– 32.7) × (5.5–)5.54–7.5(–8.0) μm, pyriform to clavate, immersed; gloecystidia scattered in the hymenium, obovoid to sphaeropedunculate, 16.3–21.9 × (8.2–)10.3–12.9(– 13.8) μm. Hyphal system monomitic, formed by generative K\SKDH VXESDUDOOHODUUDQJHG ± ȝP EURDG LQ WKH VWLSH context, dextrinoid in Melzer´s reagent, with oily guttules and abundant crystals, clampless. Distribution&XUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\ IURP WKH W\SH ORFDWLRQ LQ Madeira. Typus: Portugal0DGHLUD5LEHLUDGD-DQHOD)DQDO1ƒ¶´ :ƒ¶´PDVOJUHJDULRXVRQPRVV\VORSHVDQGXQGHU Laurus leaf litter in laurel forests, 11 Nov. 2021, A. Mateos & S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype AMI-SPL891; ITS2 and LSU sequences *HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: Clavulus hemisphaericusGRHVQRW¿WLQDQ\GHVFULEHG genus within the Clavariaceae, within which it belongs according to our multigene analyses. Other genera with reduced clavarioid basidiomata are Ceratellopsis and Hirticlavula. The former, Ceratellopsis, differs in the spear- shaped basidiomata with a sterile apex, smaller non-globose spores, absence of cystidia and presence of clamps (Olariaga et al. 2020). Furthermore, sequences of C. hemisphaericus GLG QRW VKRZ DI¿QLW\ WR WKH VHTXHQFHV RI WKH W\SH RI Ceratellopsis, C. acuminata. The latter, Hirticlavula, with its only species H. elegans is characterized by a narrowly claviform fertile part, a stipe furnished with long septate hairs and its LSU sequence nests sister to Clavaria (Petersen et Colour illustrations: Portugal, Azores, Terceira, Ribeira da Janela, Fanal, forest of Laurus novocanariensis, where the holotype of Clavulus hemisphaericus was collected. Left column: basidiomata of the holotype. Right column: upper photo shows basidiospores (H2O in right, IKI-2 in left); middle photo is a section of the fertile part (left, H2O), trama hyphal system (middle, IKI-2) and section of basidiomata rehydrated (right, H2O); and the bottom photo is basidia and hymenophore (upper, H2O), leptocystidia and gloecystidia (bottom and right, IKI-2), crystals (bottom and right). Scale bars: EDVLGLRPDWD UHK\GUDWHG  ȝPK\PHQLDOVHFWLRQ XSSHU   ȝPK\PHQLDOVHFWLRQ ERWWRP  ȝPDOORWKHUV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025420 0.08 Ramariopsis atlantica URM-BRA-84210 Clavulinopsis aspersa MHHNU 10342 Hygrophorus pudorinus PBM 2721 (CUW) Camarophyllopsis hymenocephala DJL98-08150 Clavulus hemisphaericus AMI-SPL891 Ceratellopsis acuminata S. Huhtinen 15/07 (S) Clavulinopsis tropicalis MHHNU10722 Clavaria zollingeri s. auct. TENN 58652 Ramariopsis avellanea JAC15807 Clavulinopsis aurantiaca URM 84216 Ramariopsis aurantio-olivacea RHP55850 (TENN) Ramariopsis subtilis AMB 18561 Ramariopsis pulchella MCCNNU00981 Ramariopsis crocea JMB10071001 Ramariopsis cremeorosea AMB 20495 Clavulinopsis incarnata MHHNU 11330 Clavaria inaequalis MB 04-016 (CUW) Clavulinopsis bispora MHHNU 11188 Clavulinopsis helvola h12 Ramariopsis cremicolor RHP55785 (TENN) Mucronella flava IO.16.84 (S) Cantharocybe gruberi PBM 510 (WTU) Ramariopsis bicolor JAC16428 Ramariopsis biformis JMB10061006 Ramariopsis avellaneo-inversa TENN043504 Clavulinopsis trigonospora AMB 18557 Clavulinopsis bicolor MHHNU 10381 Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides PBM 1588 (WTU) Ramariopsis kunzei GG141104 Ramariopsis kunzei AMB 17485 1/98 0.96/49 0.98/78 1/100 1/100 0.99 /77 0.95/36 1/100 1/100 0.99/59 1/99 1/97 0.99/65 1/75 1/100 1/92 Ramariopsis Ceratellopsis Clavulinopsis Clavulus gen. nov. Clavaria Mucronella Hygrocybe coccinea PBM 915 (WTU) Hodophilus al. 2014). The phylogenetically closest genus to Clavulus is Clavulinopsis (see Supplementary material), to which Clavulus is basal and together form a monophyletic clade (BPP 1). Including Clavulus in Clavulinopsis would require a profound emendation of Clavulinopsis – as circumscribed by Corner (1950), Petersen (1968) and subsequent authors – for it to include a species with reduced and claviform basidiomata, without clamps and with cystidia. Considering this, the decision of accommodating Clavulus hemisphaericus in a separate genus is rendered more appropriate and useful for the mycological community. Clavaria, another JHQXV ZLWK FODPSOHVV K\SKDH GLIIHUV OLNH Clavulinopsis in comprising species with larger cylindrical to narrowly claviform basidiomata and devoid of cystidia. Clavicorona, allied to the Clavaria s. lat. clade, is reminiscent of Clavulus because of its apically truncated basidiomata, but its species have cystidia and bear scattered clamps at basidia. Alloclavaria, devoid of clamps and producing cystidia, differs in its cylindrical basidiomata and belongs furthermore to the Hymenochaetales (Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006). Species of Physalacria, producing vaguely similar basidiomata with cystidia, have clamp connections and belong outside the Clavariales. Blast searches using ITS and LSU sequences retrieve as closest matches sequences from several species of Clavulinopsis and Ramariopsis. Closest matches with ITS VHTXHQFHVLGHQWL¿HGWRVSHFLHVOHYHODUHRamariopsis crocea *HQ%DQN0. DQGClavulinopsis corallino- rosacea  *HQ%DQN.3 ZKHUHDVFORVHVW matches with LSUVHTXHQFHVLGHQWL¿HGWRVSHFLHVOHYHODUH Clavulinopsis bispora   *HQ%DQN 1*B  and Clavulinopsis corallinorosacea   *HQ%DQN HQ877707). Nevertheless, all species placed in Clavulinopsis and Ramariopsis have larger clavarioid basidiomata, possess FODPSVDQG ODFN F\VWLGLD&RQVLGHULQJDOO WKLVZH FRQVLGHU WKHGHVFULSWLRQRIDQHZJHQXVDQGVSHFLHVWREHMXVWL¿HG Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH $OLJQPHQW P¿JVKDUH WDEOH  A. Mateos, Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain; e-mail: amateosiz1@gmail.com S. De la Peña-Lastra, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: saul.delapena@gmail.com A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: antonio.rigueiro@usc.es Ibai Olariaga, University of Rey Juan Carlos, Spain; e-mail: LEDLRODULDJD#XUMFHV %HVWWUHHRIWKH0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVLQ,475(( 1JX\HQet al. 2015) of selected sequences of Clavariales from a concatenated dataset of the 5.8S-28S-18S-RPB1-RPB2-TEF1UHJLRQV0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGVWDQGDUGERRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHV 0/%RRW %D\HVLDQSRVWHULRU SUREDELOLWLHV 33 DUHVKRZQRQEUDQFKHVRUGHUHGDV0/8)%RRW337KLFNHQHGEUDQFKHVUHFHLYHGVXSSRUWLQERWKDQDO\VHV 0/%RRW• DQGRU33• 9DOXHVDUHSURYLGHGIRUQRGHVVXSSRUWHGDWOHDVWLQRQHDQDO\VLV*HQHUDDUHLQGLFDWHGE\YHUWLFDOEDUV Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 421 Colletotrichum mexicanus Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025422 Fungal Planet 1811 MB 857478 Colletotrichum mexicanus A.S. Pérez-Méndez, M.J. Yáñez- Morales & A.J. Hernández, sp. nov. Etymology: The name refers to the location, México state, Mexico, from where this species was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes. Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on 2 % potato dextrose agar (PDA).Vegetative hyphae±ȝPGLDPK\DOLQH to brownish, smooth-walled, septate, branched. Conidiomata acervular. Setae moderately observed, medium brown, some setae pale brown toward the tip and base, smooth-walled and WKLFNZDOOHG±ȝP ORQJ± ± VHSWDWHEDVH UDUHO\ LQÀDWHG ± ȝP GLDP WLS URXQGHG DQG UDUHO\ SURGXFLQJ a conidium. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, F\OLQGULFDO ± ±  î ± ȝP RSHQLQJ  ȝP GLDP Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, oblong to cylindrical, apex rounded and base slightly narrowing to truncate hilum, hilum sometimes slightly visible, cytoplasm guttulate, often with two large polar guttules, sometimes also one in the centre, or guttules dispersed along the cytoplasm, ± ± î± ± ȝP DY“6' î—P“î  L/W ratio = 3.5. Appressoria (on slide culture from conidia) single, pale brown and medium brown, subglobose, ellipsoid, clavate, with entire or slightly undulate margin, (7–)9–17 × ±ȝPLQG DY“'6 “î“  Culture characteristics ÀXRUHVFHQWZKLWHOLJKWQHDU89K SKRWRSHULRGƒ&DIWHUDQGGFRORQ\GLDPUDQJHZDV determined in triplicate plates): Colonies on 2 % PDA: margin entire and whitish, aerial mycelium dense-cottony with tufts, SDOHPRXVHJUH\WRVOLJKWO\ROLYDFHRXVZLWKGDUN]RQDWLRQV centre whitish, conidia in mass under aerial mycelia pale VDOPRQ FRORQ\FHQWUHDQGDWWKHPDUJLQ UHYHUVHEODFNLVKLQ WKHFHQWUHROLYDFHRXVZLWKGDUN]RQDWLRQVWRZDUGVWKHPDUJLQ growth diam. 62–68 mm in 10 d. On oatmeal agar (OA): entire margin, aerial mycelium sparse, surface with whitish and slightly olivaceous sections, reverse whitish; growth diam. 72–73 mm in 10 d, conidia in mass pale salmon, rarely REVHUYHG2Q V\QWKHWLF QXWULHQWSRRU DJDU 61$ ZLWK ¿OWHU paper: colonies with slightly raised hyphae and with undulate margin, moderate whitish aerial mycelium, and pale mouse grey zonations, reverse whitish; growth diam. 58–61 mm in 10 d, and few light salmon conidia mass in the centre of the 61$FRORQ\RQ¿OWHUSDSHUQRFRQLGLDPDVVREVHUYHGRQO\ pale mouse grey moderate to abundant aerial mycelium and LPPHUVHGEODFNLVKVWUXFWXUHV2Q61$ZLWKSLQHQHHGOHVÀDW with entire margin, sparse whitish aerial mycelium, reverse whitish; growth diam. 79 mm in 10 d; and on pine needles abundant acervuli and large pale orange conidia masses. After 20 d, colony growth diam. 85 mm on the four cultures 2$3'$61$ZLWK¿OWHUSDSHUDQG61$ZLWKSLQHQHHGOHV  Typus: Mexico, Santiago Cuautlalpan, state of México, 19.42N, -98.90W, 2253 m a.s.l., healthy pulp in fruit of Persea americana cv. Hass (Lauraceae), 19 Mar. 2021, A.S. Pérez-Méndez (holotype CMPH 235, culture ex-holotype CP CC040 = CP-766; ITS, act, chs- 1, gapdh, and tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 24 25 PP271387, OR734201, and OR241008. Additional materials examined: Mexico, Santiago Cuautlalpan, state of México, 19.42 N, -98.90W, 2253 m a.s.l., healthy pulp in fruit of P. americanaFY+DVV VXSHUPDUNHW fruit), 29 Mar. 2021, A.S. Pérez-Méndez, cultures CP CC041 (= CP-767), CP CC042 (= CP-769) and CP CC043 (= CP- 773); ITS, act, chs-1, gapdh, and tub2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN OQ969852, OR241014, PP271388, OR734202, and OR241009; OQ969853, OR241015, PP271389, OR734203, and OR241010; OQ969854, OR241016, PP271390, OR734204, and OR241011, respectively; Uruapan, state of Michoacan, 19.42N, -101.78W, 1907 m a.s.l., symptomatic pulp in fruit of P. americana cv. Hass (plantation), 3 Jul. 2021, A.S. Pérez-Méndez, cultures CP CC044 (= CP-820) and CP CC045 (= CP-828), ITS, act, chs-1, gapdh, and tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 24 25 33 OR734205, and OR241012; OQ969856, OR123423, PP271392, OR734206, and OR241013, respectively. Notes: The phylogenetic analysis indicates that C. mexicanus is most closely related with isolates of an undescribed Colletotrichum sp. (CPO 27.941, CPO 27.1007, and CPO 27.1010) isolated from preharvest avocado fruit (P. americana) with anthracnose symptoms in México (Fuentes- Aragón et al. 2020). Another isolate (Q026), was less closely related to C. mexicanus. Furthermore, morphologically, C. mexicanus conidia were larger (av. = 17 × 5 μm) than those of the ColletotrichumVSLVRODWH4IURP$QGHDQEODFNEHUU\ in Colombia (Afanador-Kafuri et al. 2014). Colletotrichum pyrifoliae, a species isolated from pear leaves and fruit in China (Fu et al. 2019) was the least strongly related to C. mexicanus and also differed morphologically. Colletotrichum mexicanus strains did not form sexual morphs in culture (PDA, OA, SNA) whereas C. pyrifoliae did (same incubation conditions) (Fu et al. 2019). On PDA and OA, the conidia of C. mexicanus were smaller [(12–)13–18(–19) × 4–6(–7) μm and (13–)14–18(–21) × 3–5(–6) μm, respectively] than those of C. pyrifoliae (14–23 × 5.5–7 μm and 15.5–21.5 × Colour illustrations: Persea americanaFY+DVVÀRZHULQJSODQWDWLRQ in Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico. Colony surface and reverse on 2 % PDA; conidiomata; setae; guttulate hyaline conidia; conidiogenous cell giving rise to conidia; appressoria. Scale bars: setae and conidia = 20 μm; conidiogenous cell = 5 μm; appressoria = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 423 5–6.5 μm, respectively) (no conidial formation was observed on SNA with C. mexicanus, while C. pyrifoliae formed conidia on SNA) (Fu et al. 2019). $ PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI WKH 1&%, *HQ%DQN QXFOHRWLGH database with six sequences of Colletotrichum mexicanus (CP CC040 to CP CC045) generated the following BLASTn results. The closest hits using ITS sequences showed the highest similarity to four unnamed Colletotrichum strains CPO 27.941, CPO 27.1007, and CPO 27.1010, and 4 *HQ%DQN 01 01 01 DQG JN715839, respectively); Identity values (range) of the six C. mexicanus sequences were 554–575/555–577 (99– 100 %), 550–563/551–565 (99–100 %), 547–568/548–570 (99–100 %), and 534–572/536–573 (99–100 %), with no gaps. The lower similarity to Colletotrichum pyrifoliae (ex- W\SHVWUDLQ3$)4*HQ%DQN15B  ,GHQWLW\UDQJH 518–526/523–530 (99 %), one gap (0 %). The closest hits using the act sequence were highest in similarity to unnamed Colletotrichum strain Q026, and strains CPO 27.1007, &32  DQG &32  *HQ%DQN .& MN746535, MN746534, and MN746536, respectively); identity value ranges were 274–284/275–285 (99 %), 263–274/263–274 (100 %), 263–269/263–269 (100 %), and 262–263/262–263 (100 %), with no gaps. The lower similarity to Colletotrichum pyrifoliae (ex-type strain PAFQ22, *HQ%DQN0* ,GHQWLW\   WZRJDSV (0 %). The closest hits generated using the chs-1 sequence were highest in similarity to unnamed Colletotrichum strains CPO 27.941, CPO 27.1007, and CPO 27.1010, and strain 4 *HQ%DQN 01 01 01 DQG KC859995, respectively); Identity values were 298/299 (99 %), 289/290 (99 %), 287/288 (99 %), and 287/291 (99 %) respectively; zero and one gap (0 %). The lower similarity to Colletotrichum pyrifoliae (ex-type strain PAFQ22, *HQ%DQN0*  ,GHQWLW\      ZLWK QR gaps. The closest hits generated using the gapdh sequence were highest in similarity to unnamed Colletotrichum strains CPO 27.941, CPO 27.1007, and CPO 27.1010, and strain 4 *HQ%DQN 01 01 01 DQG KC860013, respectively); Identity value ranges were 251– 255/257–261 (98 %), 248–252/254–258 (98 %), 247– 251/253–257 (98 %), and 251–252/257–261 (96–98 %) respectively; zero and four gaps (0–1 %). The lower similarity to Colletotrichum pyrifoliae H[W\SHVWUDLQ3$)4*HQ%DQN MG747996); Identity = 208–209/230–234 (89–91 %), three and seven gaps (1–2 %). The closest hits generated using the tub2 sequence were highest in similarity to unnamed Colletotrichum strains CPO 27.941, CPO 27.1010, and CPO DQGVWUDLQ4 *HQ%DQN0101 MN848376, and KC860039, respectively); Identity value ranges = 718–753/718–753 (100 %), 714–746/714–746 (100 %), 709–741/709–741 (100 %), and 431/437 (99 %), no gaps. The lower similarity to Colletotrichum pyrifoliae VWUDLQ3$)4G*HQ%DQN0*  ,GHQWLW\  (97 %), no gaps. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH WDEOHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGDW¿JVKDUHFRP  Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025424 $63pUH]0pQGH]0GH-PDLQO\ IURP Picea sp. and Pinus sp. (Pinaceae)], 23 Aug. 2022, F.F. Soliz Santander (holotype JKI-GP-22-031, culture ex-type DSM 119706, ITS, LSU, TEF and 78%VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN393939DQG PV287717). Notes: Based on the ITS alignment phylogenetic analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours are Coniochaeta deborreae *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLW\     DQGC. boothii *HQ%DQN15B,GHQWLW\   &RQLRFKDHWD¿EULFROD is morphologically characterised by moderate brown colonies with aerial hyphae at the centre. As the brownish surface and aerial hyphae are also present in several other species of Coniochaeta, the morphological comparison of the closest species is based on conidial morphology. Although the shape of the conidia is similar in C. ¿EULFROD and its phylogenetic closest species C. deborreae, the size differs. The conidia from C. deborreae have almost the same length but are thinner (C. deborrae = 2.5–4 × 1.5–2 μm) in comparison to those of & ¿EULFROD (Crous et al. 2021). In addition, chlamydospores are present in C. deborreae and absent in the newly described species. A comparison of the morphological features of &¿EULFRODwith all other Coniochaeta species without online available DNA sequences show also no matches. For phylogenetic tree, see Coniochaeta corticalis (FP 1812). Colour illustrations: Greenhouse and the substrate from which the fungus was isolated. Colony on PDA agar; conidia; hyphae with conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 μm. R. Hoffmann, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universitätsplatz 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; HPDLOURQMDKRIIPDQQ#WXEUDXQVFKZHLJGH F.F. Soliz Santander & J. Riebesehl, Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Messeweg 11-12, %UDXQVFKZHLJ*HUPDQ\HPDLOIDELDQIDEULFLRVROL]#JPDLOFRP MDQHWWULHEHVHKO#MXOLXVNXHKQGH Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025432 Coniochaeta weberae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 433 Fungal Planet 1815 MB 856907 Coniochaeta weberae R. Hoffmann & Riebesehl, sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Greenhouse and the substrate from which the fungus was isolated. Colony on PDA agar; hyphae with conidiogenous cells; conidia; hyphae with conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 μm. R. Hoffmann, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universitätsplatz 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; HPDLOURQMDKRIIPDQQ#WXEUDXQVFKZHLJGH F.F. Soliz Santander & J. Riebesehl, Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Messeweg 11-12, %UDXQVFKZHLJ*HUPDQ\HPDLOIDELDQIDEULFLRVROL]#JPDLOFRP MDQHWWULHEHVHKO#MXOLXVNXHKQGH Etymology: Named after Evi Weber, a mycologist who contributed an important morphological study to the genus Coniochaeta. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Coniochaetaceae, Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes. Conidiogenous cells formed directly on hyphae, mostly reduced to protrusions. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled, ellipsoid, apex obtuse or pointed on one side, 3.3–5.1 × 1.6–3.6 μm (av. 4.0 × 2.4 μm). Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth-walled. Chlamydospores absent. Culture characteristics&RORQLHVRQSRWDWRGH[WURVHDJDUÀDW with aerial hyphae most densely in the middle, margin entire, dense, reaching 88 mm diam. after 50 d at room temperature DSSUR[ƒ& ZLWKQDWXUDOGDUNOLJKWF\FOH6XUIDFHGXOOGDUN JUH\LVKUHGZLWKZKLWHDHULDOK\SKDHUHYHUVHGDUNJUH\LVKUHG WREODFNDQGSDOHGDUNJUH\LVKUHGDWWKHHGJHV FRORXUVDIWHU Rayner 1970). Typus: Germany /RZHU 6D[RQ\ %UDXQVFKZHLJ ƒ¶¶¶1 ƒ¶¶¶(  P DVO LVRODWHG IURP KRUWLFXOWXUDO VXEVWUDWH FRQVLVWLQJ RI EDUN KXPXV >PDLQO\ IURP Abies sp., Picea sp. and Pinus sp. (Pinaceae)], 14 Jun. 2023, F.F. Soliz Santander (holotype JKI-GP-23-051, culture ex-type DSM 119707, ITS, LSU, TEF and TUB2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN393939DQG PV287718). Notes: Based on the ITS alignment phylogenetic analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours are Coniochaeta corticalis *HQ%DQN 39 GLIIHUHQFH    C. velutina *HQ%DQN *4 ,GHQWLW\     C. lignicola *HQ%DQN 15B ,GHQWLW\     C. luteoviridis *HQ%DQN15BGLIIHUHQFH  DQGC. mutabilis *HQ%DQN15BGLIIHUHQFH   Coniochaeta weberae is morphologically characterised by GDUNJUH\LVKUHGFRORQLHVZLWKDHULDOK\SKDH$VWKHVXUIDFH colour with aerial hyphae are also present in several other species within the Coniochaeta genus, the morphological comparison of the closest species is based on the conidia. Although the shape of the conidia is similar in comparison to C. weberae and those of C. velutina and C. lignicola, but the size differs, particularly in the width of the conidia. The conidia of C. corticalis (2.5–3.9 × 1.9–2.7 μm), C. lignicola (3–4.5 × 1.5–2 μm), C. velutina (3.5–6 × 1.2–2 μm), C. luteoviridis (4.5–7 × 1.8–2.5 μm) and C. mutabilis (4–6 × 1.5–2 μm) are narrower in comparison to those of C. weberae. The conidia length overlap partly more, but especially in C. luteoviridis the conidia are longer. In addition, chlamydospores are present in C. mutabilis and C. luteoviridis (Weber 2002) and absent in C. weberae. A comparison of the morphological features of C. weberae with all other Coniochaeta species without online available DNA sequences show also no matches. For phylogenetic tree, see Coniochaeta corticalis (FP 1812). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025434 Cortinarius caeloculus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 435 Fungal Planet 1816 MB 858906 Cortinarius caeloculus Cazabonne, Eyssart., Carriconde & Gryta, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after the cap which seems to be composed RIDVN\EOXHLULVVXUURXQGLQJDQRFKUHFHQWUHIURPWKH/DWLQcaelum, ³VN\´DQGoculus, “eye”. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Cap 5–20 mm diam., hemispherical to convex without umbo, GU\DQG¿EULOORVHWRPLQXWHO\IHOWHGGHHSEOXHOLODFJUH\OLODF blue, violaceus blue or grey blue at the margin then gradually fading to ochre or pale yellow brown towards the disc, maybe slightly hygrophanous; margin sometimes striate or even sulcate on very wet specimens; velar remnants absent. Gills emarginate, subdistant to distant, deep lilac turning rusty brown; edge concolorous. Stipe 15–30 × 1.5–2 mm, subcylindrical, concolourous; cortina and veil white, tenuous; mycelium (always?) lilac. Flesh thin, taste and odour not noted. Spores (on stipe) (6.6–)7.0–7.4–7.9(–8.7) × (4.9– )5.2–5.6–5.9(–6.3) μm, Q = (1.2–)1.24–1.3–1.4(–1.6), n = 147, ellipsoid, widely ellipsoid to subglobose, rather minutely and regularly verrucose, rusty brown, not dextrinoid. Basidia on average 25 × 8.5 μm, tetrasporic, clavate. Cystidia absent. Pileipellis composed of a very thin epicutis of repent non- gelatinized hyphae 4–8 μm wide, on a subcellular subcutis with up to 30 μm wide elements; pigment parietal, yellowish in KOH. Clamp connections present in all parts. Typus: France1HZ&DOHGRQLDSLFGX*UDQG.DRULƒ¶¶¶6 ƒ¶¶¶(PDVORQVRLOXQGHUNothofagus aequilateralis (Nothofagaceae), 28 May 2013, F. Carriconde, PGK 13-050 (holotype3&,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Additional material examined. France, New Caledonia, FRO GH DY“î“ȝP4 ± Q = 46)], ellipsoid to subovoid, mostly axially symmetrical, thin- walled, golden to faint ochre-brown in KOH, ornamentation of YHUUXFRVHZDUWVȝPKLJKKLODUDSSHQGL[SURPLQHQWXSWR ȝPORQJWDSHULQJBasidia ± ± ± î± ±ȝP (av. 22.2 ± 8.1 × 6.1 ± 3, Q= 2.4–6.6, n = 29) typically clavate and sometimes bulging at apex, or sometimes irregular and asymmetrical, hyaline, typically 2-spored, but occasionally VSRUHG VWHULJPDWD WDSHULQJ XS WR  ȝP ORQJ Cystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama±ȝPZLGHFRPSRVHGRI LQWHUZRYHQLQÀDWHGVHSWDWHK\SKDH±ȝPEURDGK\DOLQHRU patchily golden to orange pigmented towards subhymenium. Subhymenium ± ȝP EURDG FRPSRVHG RI LQWHUZRYHQ K\SKDH±ȝPGLDPDQGLUUHJXODUO\VKDSHGLQÀDWHGK\SKDH ± ȝPEURDG K\DOLQH RU IDLQW JROGHQEURZQ SLJPHQWHG LQ some sections. Pileipellis DOD\HU±ȝPEURDGQRWIRUPLQJ a distinct cutis, composed of interwoven, disorganised hyaline K\SKDH±ȝPEURDGDQGLQÀDWHGK\SKDH±ȝPEURDG often splaying at surface, becoming somewhat parallel in context. Context ± ȝP EURDG FRPSRVHG RI LQÀDWHG FHOOV±ȝPEURDGK\DOLQHRUOLJKWJROGHQEURZQSLJPHQWHG Clamp connections observed in pileipellis. Habit, habitat and distribution: Hypogeal in tall, wet mixed eucalypt forest, Eucalyptus obliqua with Acacia dealbata understory or Eucalyptus regnans with Leptospermum spp. and EucalyptusURXJKEDUNLQ(DVWHUQ$XVWUDOLD$OVRIRXQGLQ introduced Eucalyptus regnans plantations in New Zealand. May to July. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, South Coast, off Nungatta 5RDGNPIURP-XQFWLRQRI,QOD\DQG1XQJDWWD5RDGRIIVPDOO WUDFNWRHDVW-XQT. Lebel TL1437 (holotype MEL 2314531; ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Additional material examined: Australia, Tasmania, (DJOHKDZN1HFN0D\ J.M Trappe, H5330 (PERTH  ,76 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN '4  9LFWRULD :DUUDQG\WH6WDWH3DUN%ODFN)ODW6RXWKHDVWHUQFRUQHURI UHVHUYH FD P XS VRXWK IDFLQJ VORSH IURP SDUNLQJ ORW 28 Jul. 1999, T. Lebel, TL99 (MEL 2061024; ITS and LSU VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39 NP1RI %DZ%DZ1DWLRQDO3DUN-XQJ.M. Trappe, H6784 3(57+  ,76 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN '4  0XUUDQJRZDU)RUHVW0DQDJHPHQW%ORFN-XQFWLRQRI%RXUNH 6WUHHWDQG0RUULVRQ¶V7UDFN6LWH5LQEucalyptus obliqua forest, 18 Jul. 1996, T. Mitchell, AWC480 (MEL 2057558; ,76 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN '4  (LOGRQ 6WDWH )RUHVW 0DOOHW &UHHN  -XQ  J.M. Trappe, H6593 (PERTH 07647425). New Zealand 2WDJR 2URNRQXL Eucalyptus regnans plantation, 1 Apr. 2004, D. Orlovich DAO OR017 27$ ,76 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 01  2WDJR 2URNRQXL(FRVDQFWXDU\Eucalyptus regnans plantation with mixed understory, 27 May 2021, D. Orlovich DAO 2021/288 27$,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN24  Notes: Cortinarius meletlac is distributed across south-eastern Australia and introduced with Eucalyptus regnans plantations in New Zealand. Analysis of molecular data (ITS-LSU) places C. meletlac %633 LQDZHDNO\VXSSRUWHG clade (BS 0.58 / PP 54) close to several other undescribed Australian sequestrate taxa and C. walpolensis (Francis & Bougher 2004). The epithets ‘campbellae’ and ‘levisporus’ have been applied broadly to sequestrate collections that, on sequencing, are in multiple distantly related clades within the /cortinarioid lineage; thus the sequences in this clade are considered as undescribed species until type material can be analysed. The sister group to C. meletlac includes C. amblyonis (Soop 2016) and two other undescribed mushroom-forming species found in New Zealand, and a VHTXHQFHIURP1HZ&DOHGRQLD *HQ%DQN.< :LWKLQ C. meletlac, two sequences from New Zealand collections made under Eucalyptus regnans support the notion that this is a native Australian species that has been introduced into New Zealand with eucalypt plantations. Cortinarius meletlac differs from C. walpolensis (Francis & Bougher 2004) in having a silvery white scurfy or pulverulent SLOHXVDQGLQODFNLQJWKHVFDWWHUHGFLQQDPRQ¿EULOVVHHQLQC. walpolensis. Both pellis structure and spores of C. meletlac Colour illustrations: Tall, wet Eucalyptus regnans forest, mixed Acacia and Dicksonia understory, Nungatta State Forest, NSW, Australia. %DVLGLRPDWD 27$  LQ WKH ¿HOG DW 2URNRQXL (FRVDQFWXDU\ (NZ) under Eucalyptus regnans with mixed shrubby understory; basidiomata in lab OTA73242; basidiomata in lab type MEL2314531; microscopic elements: golden basidiospores; pileipellis structure. 6FDOHEDUVEDVLGLRPDWD PPVSRUHV ȝPSLOHLSHOOLV  ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025444 and C. walpolensis DUH UHPDUNDEO\ VLPLODU ZLWK VSRUHV falling within the same size range, golden brown colour and RUQDPHQWDWLRQRIVPDOOZDUW\URGVOHVVWKDQȝPKLJK2QH small distinguishing feature is that C. meletlac typically has basidia that are mostly 2-spored, differing from C. walpolensis which are 4-spored. Various combinations of macro- and micro- characters also distinguish C. meletlac from the un- named sequestrate taxa in this clade, particularly pellis structure (more layers, and/or pileipellis gelatinised), and size/ shape of the hymenophoral chambers (i.e. more labyrinthine lamellate). Morphologically, none of the sequestrate taxa or un-named collections in this clade resemble C. amblyonis Polman-Short, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: cobie.polman-short@sa.gov.au T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au -%DUUDWW6WDWH+HUEDULXPRI6RXWK$XVWUDOLD$GHODLGH6RXWK$XVWUDOLD$XVWUDOLDHPDLOMHPEDUUDWW#VDJRYDX D. Orlovich, Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; e-mail: david.orlovich@otago.ac.nz 5$[0/Y 6WDPDWDNLV SK\ORJHQHWLFWUHHREWDLQHGIRU,76QU'1$IURPDVHOHFWLRQRIVSHFLHVLQCortinarius section Obtusi and other taxa. Bold linesLQGLFDWHSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHVDQGERRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHV 0U%D\HVY+XHOVHQEHFN 5RQTXLVW IURPPD[LPXP OLNHOLKRRG •  33  •  %6 YDOXHV EHORZ WKHVH DUH QRW VKRZQ Bold text indicates sequences generated for this study. Genus DEEUHYLDWLRQV QDPHVDVLQ*HQ%DQN &RUW Cortinarius, Thaxt. = Thaxterogaster, Protogl. = Protoglossum. (Soop 2016), which has rather delicate tan to reddish brown basidiomes. Cortinarius amblyonis is considered a typical member of section Obtusi, with the small dry red-brown SLOHXVZKLWLVKVWLSHDQGIDLQWLRGRIRUPRGRXUEXWODFNVWKH differentiated cheilocystidia prominent in the lamellae of other taxa in the section (Soop 2016, Soop et al. 2019). None of the sequestrate taxa in this clade have prominent cheilocystidia. Although extensively sampled, no Australian mushroom- forming species of Cortinarius currently fall within this group. Further gene regions and investigation of more collections is required to resolve relationships in this complex. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 445 Cortinarius phaeobrunneus Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025446 Fungal Planet 1820 MB 858355 Cortinarius phaeobrunneus †Bidaud, Mahiques, E. Suárez & Bellanger, sp. nov. Etymology1DPHGDIWHUWKHEURZQWREODFNLVKGLVFRORXUDWLRQRI EDVLGLRPDWDIURPWKH*UHHNphaeo³GDUN´DQGWKH/DWLQbrunneus, “brown”. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus ±PPGLDPFRQYH[OREDWHÀH[XRXVVRPHWLPHV EURDGO\ XPERQDWH ÀHVK\ DW FHQWUH ZLWK WKLQ DQG LQFLVHG silvery-white margin, hygrophanous, pale brown, reddish brown to chestnut brown, dehydrating as concentric zones ZLWK FHQWUH UHPDLQLQJ GDUNHU EODFNHQLQJ DV H[VLFFDWH FRYHUHGE\DORRVHZKLWH¿EULOORXVYHLOGHQVHUDWPDUJLQGills emarginate, broad, wide, spaced, ventricose, light brown to WDZQ\EURZQWXUQLQJWRGDUNEURZQHGJHVHUUXODWHZKLWLVK in early stages. Stipe ±î±PPFODYDWH¿OOHGEXW soft, covered on its lowest third by a sheeting white veil VRPHWLPHVIRUPLQJDQDQQXODU]RQHZLWKVLOYHU\¿EULOVRQWKH XSSHUSDUWPDVNLQJDEURZQLVKEDFNJURXQGVOLJKWPHWDOOLF blue hues sometimes visible at apex. Flesh woolly, whitish LQ WKHSLOHXVEURZQ LQ WKHVWLSHGDUNEURZQDWEDVHsmell QXOO RU ZHDNO\ VRDS\ RU KHUEDFHRXVSpores 8–9.5–11.5 × 5–6.2–7.5 μm, Q = 1.4–1.5–1.8 (n > 30) ellipsoid to broadly VXEDP\JGDOLIRUP SXQFWDWH WR ¿QHO\ZDUW\PRUH SURPLQHQW at apex. Basidia tetrasporic, clavate, 30–33 × 8–12 μm. Sterile marginal cells clavate, 5–13 μm wide. Pileipellis a cutis of radial hyphae (4–7 μm wide) with obtuse, appressed free ends, mixed with thinner velar hyphae (2–3 μm wide), dissociated on the surface; subcutis slightly differentiated, consisting in short septate articles (10–25 μm long), vesicular for the largest ones; yellow-brown parietal pigment, coating. Clamp-connections present. Typus: Spain, Teruel, Formiche Alto, Barranco del Monte, ƒ¶´1 ƒ¶´2 P DVO XQGHUQuercus ilex and Q. faginea (Fagaceae), with some Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae), 20 Oct. 2022, E. Suárez, MES-4838 (holotype VAL-Myco 1765, isotype LQ KHUE 50 ,76 DQG /68 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 DQG PV390007). Additional materials examined: France, Ain, Bellegarde-en- Valserine, Mussel, 500 m a.s.l., on a clay-limestone soil under P. sylvestris, 1 Oct. 1997, R. Fillion, RF 97.41 (ITS sequence *HQ%DQN39 $UGqFKH/DJRUFH%RLVG¶$MXGH m a.s.l., on calcareous soil under Q. ilex, 9 Nov. 2004, A. Bidaud$% ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  ibid., Rocle, 200 m a.s.l., on calcareous soil under Q. ilex, 22 Oct. 2018, A. Bidaud & * 5DI¿QL, AB 18-11-190 (ITS VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 39  LELG., 15 Nov. 2018, A. Bidaud & *5DI¿QL$% ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN PV263597); Gard, Saint-Jean-du-Pin, Tresmont, 300 m a.s.l., on calcareous soil under Q. ilex, 31 Oct. 2008, A. Bidaud, AB  ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  Notes: Cortinarius phaeobrunneus currently constitutes a strongly supported lineage of the recently revised section Bovini, and nests within the poorly supported subsection Furvolaesi (Liimatainen et al. 2020, Schmidt-Stohn et al. 2025). Phylogenetically, the species is closest to C. perrinii (syn. C. subbruneus), from which it differs by four evolutionary events (two substitutions and two indels) at the ITS locus. Because of this short phylogenetic distance and limited taxon sampling of the species, the authors of the Atlas des cortinaires have previously described one collection of C. phaeobrunneus (RF 97.41, under C. subbrunneus) as C. perrinii, in spite of morphological (abundant veil at stipe base and blue hues in the upper part of the stipe) and ecological (loamy soil under Pinus sylvestris vs acidic soil under Picea abies) differences (Bidaud et al. 2015, f. 1420, pl. 960). Additional sequenced collections of both species in the past decade indicates that 1) despite being not numerous, the substitutions and indels GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ WKH WZR FODGHV DUH ¿[HG ZLWK QR HYLGHQFH RI JHQH ÀRZ EHWZHHQ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SRSXODWLRQV DQG   neighbouring species in this group such as C. neocolus, C. heatherae, and C. subbrunneoideus are also distant to each other and to C. phaeobrunneus and C. perrinii, by similarly short phylogenetic distances (e.g. C. heatherae/C. perrinii = C. neocolus/C. perrinii = C. subbruneoideus/C. perrinii = 8 evolutionary events). Considering the morphological and HFRORJLFDO GLIIHUHQFHV GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ WKHVH ¿YH VSHFLHV these observations support the reproductive isolation of C. phaeobrunneus within a group of bovinoid taxa that may have radiated relatively recently from their latest common ancestor. Morphologically, C. phaeobrunneus can be distinguished IURPLWVFORVHVWORRNDOLNHVE\WKHXVXDOO\DEXQGDQWZKLWHYHLO covering at least the lower part of the stipe. The species seems also thermophilic, calciphilous and associated to Mediterranean Quercus- or Pinus-dominated woodlands, although a late collection from the central French Pyrénées, under Fagus sylvatica, suggests C. phaeobrunneus may be more broadly distributed (G. Corriol, pers. comm., not included here). In the same Mediterranean biomes and from the same subsection, C. subbulliardioides (syn. C. tacitus) is not rare and could be confused with C. phaeobrunneus. However, this species displays less developed veil and more reddish hues on the pileus. Supplementary material: Alignment of Cortinarius subsection Furvolaesi KWWSVGRLRUJP¿JVKDUH v1. Colour illustrations: Holotype collection area at Barranco del Monte, Formiche Alto, Teruel, Spain. Basidiomata in situ, coll. AB 08-10-417 (top left); coll. AB 18-11-190 (middle left); AB 18-11-167 (bottom left); MES-4838 (bottom right, holotype). Scale bars = 1 cm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 447 †A. Bidaud, 2436, route de Brailles, F-38510 Vézeronce-Curtin, France R. Mahiques, Dr. Climent, 26, E-46837 Quatretonda, Spain; e-mail: rmahiquessan@gmail.com E. Suárez, Rosario, 26 bis. E-44003 Teruel, Spain; e-mail: electrologo@telefonica.net J.-M. Bellanger, CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, Campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France; HPDLOMHDQPLFKHOEHOODQJHU#FHIHFQUVIU Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis of 32 ITS sequences representing subsect. Furvolaesi as introduced by Liimatainen et al. (2020). 1XPEHUVRQEUDQFKHVLQGLFDWH6+D/57DQG%33VXSSRUWYDOXHVVLJQL¿FDQWZKHQ•DQG•UHVSHFWLYHO\6HTXHQFHVQHZO\JHQHUDWHG for the present study are highlighted in boldDQGWKRVHIURPW\SHPDWHULDODUHPDUNHGE\DVXI¿[VXSHUVFULSW77KHDVWHULVNLQGLFDWHVDOLNHO\ wrong sequence according to Schmidt-Stohn et al. (2025). All analyses were performed online at NGphylogeny.fr (Lemoine et al. 2019). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025448 Cortinarius albofolliculus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 449 Fungal Planet 1821 MB 856225 Cortinarius albofolliculus Polman-Short & T. Lebel, sp. nov. Etymology: In reference to the silvery white colour and overall appearance of the basidiomes, albofolliculus (L. for albo = white, folliculus = small bag). &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata 5–16 mm diam. × 5–12 mm high, globose to subglobose with slightly bulbous base; surface completely FRYHUHGZLWK VLOYHU\JUH\ VLON\ WKLQZKLWH WRSDOH FUHDP LQ patches universal veil, easily rubbing off, pileus handling WDZQ\WRGXOOEURZQÀHVKZKLWHWRWUDQVOXFHQWJUH\LQFURVV section. Hymenophore labyrinthine loculate, rich chestnut brown to cocoa brown. Stipe-columella 1–3 mm diam. × 5–8(–  PPKLJKSHUFXUUHQWFHQWUDOVROLGZKLWHVLON\H[WHQGLQJ into a basal bulb 3–5 mm diam. × 1–3 mm high, handling brownish; context ¿EURXV ZKLWH RFFDVLRQDOO\ DSSHDULQJ silver to translucent. Universal veil VLON\ZKLWHGU\GHOLFDWH and easily rubbing off, persistent, remaining attached to pileus rim and stipe base. Partial veil/CortinaFREZHEE\VLON\ZKLWH persistent. Odour not recorded. Basal rhizomorphs white. Basidiospores (12.9–)13.5–15.25(–16.25) × (9.5–)10.0– 12.0(–13.0) μm, (14.03 ± 1.15 × 11.16 ± 0.97, Q= 1.1–1.5, Q  VXEJORERVHWRRERYDWHWKLFNZDOOHGRUQDPHQWDWLRQ roughly warty-nodulose 0.5–1.5 μm high, deep orange brown in water or 3 % KOH. Basidia 33–51 × 11–13.5 μm, narrowly clavate, unpigmented; mostly 4-spored, occasionally 2- or 3-spored, sterigmata 3–5 μm long. Cystidia 20–38 × 6–9 μm, cylindrical to narrow clavate, unpigmented, scattered in hymenium. Hymenophoral trama 30–90 μm wide, of ORRVHO\LQWHUZRYHQK\DOLQHLQÀDWHGK\SKDH±—PGLDP Subhymenium ± —P ZLGH RI LQÀDWHG K\DOLQH K\SKDH 7.5–15.0 μm diam., appearing pseudoparenchymatous. Pileipellis 25–135 μm wide, forming a thin, patchy, ixocutis of mostly horizontal hyphae 2–5.5 μm diam., embedded in a gelatinised matrix, with occasional upright tips protruding beyond, and scattered patches of hyaline or faintly golden crystals. Pileus context ±—PZLGHRIVOLJKWO\LQÀDWHG short-septate interwoven hyphae 8–15 μm diam., sometimes DSSHDULQJ EULFNOLNH SDWFKLO\ JROGHQ SLJPHQWHG RU VOLJKWO\ pigmented throughout. Clamp connections observed in hymenophoral trama and pileipellis. Habit, habitat and distribution: Embedded in long decayed wood, deep leaf litter and/or mossy soil, in Eucalyptus forest, fruiting in small clusters. Australia (New South Wales) distribution. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, South Coast, Off Imlay road WRVRXWKNPZHVWRIMXQFWLRQZLWK:RJ:D\ 7/VLWH0*6  30 May 2001, T. Lebel, H. Bender & J. Zdraveski TL471 (holotype 0(/ ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG PQ472610). Additional material examined: Australia, New South Wales, 6RXWK&RDVW2II1XQJDWWD5RDGNPIURPMXQFWLRQZLWK Imlay Road, to the west of Nungatta Road (TL site MGS 3.1), 31 May 2001, S.H. Lewis, TL496 (MEL 2310529; ITS and /68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34 6RXWK &RDVW2II1XQJDWWD5RDGNPIURPMXQFWLRQZLWK,POD\ Road, to the west of Nungatta Road (TL site MGS 3.1), 31 May 2001, H. Bender, TL493 (environmental sample, single EDVLGLRPH 6RXWK&RDVW2GG5HHIURDGHDVWNPVRXWK RIMXQFWLRQZLWK/DLQJVURDGZHVWVLGHRIURDG 7/VLWH6$0 1.1), 4 Jun. 2002, J.M. Trappe, TL1264 (MEL 2314452; ITS DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34  6RXWK&RDVW2II1XQJDWWD5RDGNPIURPMXQFWLRQZLWK Imlay Road, to the west of Nungatta Road (TL site MGS 3.1), 31 May 2001, S.H. Lewis, H. Bender, J. Zdravevski, J. Tonkin & T. Lebel, 7/% 0(/%,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN DQ328190). Notes: Basidiomes of C. albofolliculus resemble those of C. walpolensis (Francis & Bougher 2004) and several undescribed taxa, in the loculate brown hymenophore, the truncate or percurrent stipe-columella. However, C. albofolliculus ODFNV WKHFLQQDPRQ¿EULOV WKDWC. walpolensis basidiomes have, though these are fragile and easily rubbed off during collection. Microscopically C. albofolliculus has considerably larger spores (av. 14.03 × 11.16 μm) with more robust warts up to 1.5 μm high, than C. walpolensis (av. 8.0 × 5.0 μm) with small warts up to 0.5 μm high. The larger spores and more robust spore ornamentation are consistent with those of C. sebosus and C. sebosioides. In terms of distribution, there is no overlap, as C. albofolliculus LVFXUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\IURPVRXWKHUQ1HZ6RXWK:DOHVC. walpolensis and C. sebosus from southern Western Australia, and C. sebosioides from southern South Australia. Cortinarius albofolliculus is a strongly supported taxon (BS 100/ PP 1.0) placed in strongly supported clade (BS 100/ PP 1.0) with the sequestrate taxa C. sebosus and C. sebosioides sp. nov. In this analysis, these sequestrate taxa are placed in a poorly supported (BS 30/ PP 0.69) sect. Verniciori (Liimatainen et al. 2022) clade that includes C. neuquensis (Salgado Salomon et al. 2021) from Argentina (light ochre brown to reddish glutinous pileus with pale cinnamon universal veil), C. verniciorum (Soop 2013) and C. dulcamarus (Soop 2016) from New Zealand (orange brown basidiomes with strongly viscid pilei), and Cortinarius sp. (MG553066, RB065) from Western Australia. The basidiomata of the sequestrate taxa do not resemble the mushroom counterparts in this poorly VXSSRUWHGFODGHODFNLQJDQ\YLVFLGLW\DQGJHQHUDOO\ODFNLQJ any hints of orange or reddish colouration. In a much broader sampling of species, (ITS only; unpubl.), all three sequestrate taxa C. sebosioides sp. nov., C. albofolliculus sp. nov. and C. sebosus remain in a strongly supported (PP 0.9) clade with C. verniciorum, C. neuquensis and an undescribed species from Chile (OP339712). Supplementary material: Please contact the author (T. Lebel) for any queries regarding alignments or other data. Colour illustrations: Long unburnt Eucalyptus woodland dominated by E. cypellocarpa with Xanthorrhoea spp. and Cyathus australis (tree fern) understory, Nungatta State Forest, New South Wales, $XVWUDOLD KRORW\SH VLWH %DVLGLRPDWD LQ ODE DQG ¿HOG PLFURVFRSLF elements: cross-section of pileipellis and hymenium in KOH; orange- EURZQWKLFNZDOOHGRUQDPHQWHGEDVLGLRVSRUHVLQZDWHU6FDOHEDUV EDVLGLRPDWD PPSLOHLSHOOLV ȝPVSRUHV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025450 C. Polman-Short, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: C.Polmanshort@gmail.com T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au 5$[0/Y 6WDPDWDNLV SK\ORJHQHWLFWUHHREWDLQHGIURPWKH,76/68QU'1$IRUDVHOHFWLRQRIFRUWLQDULRLGVSHFLHV%ROGOLQHVLQGLFDWH ERRWVWUDSVXSSRUW YDOXHV IRUPD[LPXP OLNHOLKRRG • %6YDOXHVEHORZ WKLV WKUHVKROGQRW VKRZQ Bold red text indicates sequences generated for this study: C. malogranatus sp. nov., C. lissosporus sp. nov., C. kaki sp. nov., C. descensiformis sp. nov., C. sebosioides sp. nov., and C. albofolliculus sp. nov*HQXVDEEUHYLDWLRQV QDPHVDVLQ*HQ%DQN Cort. =Cortinarius, Thaxt. = Thaxterogaster, Volvan. = Volvanarius, Phlegm. = Phlegmacium, Aureon. = Aureonarius, Cystin. = Cystinarius, Calon. = Calonarius. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 451 Cortinarius descensoriformis Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025452 Fungal Planet 1822 MB 855769 Cortinarius descensoriformis Broadbridge & T. Lebel, sp. nov. Etymology: In reference to the overall shape of the basidiomes with persistent veil, short stipe-columella and basal bulb giving the appearance of a parachute, descensoria (L. for descent or descending), and formis (L. to appear similar to). &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata emergent to hypogeal under leaf litter, embedded in dense mycelial mat with integrated leaf litter. Xanthorrhoea an associated species in Eucalyptus cladocalyx open woodland. Pileus 5–25 mm diam. × 3–14 PPKLJKJORERVHWRVXEJORERVHWRÀDWWHQHGWXUELQDWHDSH[ RFFDVLRQDOO\ SODQH WR VOLJKWO\ LQGHQWHG ¿QHO\ ¿EULOORVH GU\ PDUJLQLQUROOHGEXWQRWDWWDFKHGWRVWLSH¿QHZKLWHXQLYHUVDO veil completely encasing fruit body, persistent and easily rubbed off, overlying chestnut to honey coloured pellis. Hymenophore lamellate to sublamellate-labyrinthine, deep rusty yellow brown to rich brown, exposed at base where cortina has torn. Stipe-columella 3–8 mm diam., percurrent, solid, central, broad at apex tapering to central columella then extending into a prominent marginate basal bulb 4–9 mm diam. × 2–4 mm high; context white to translucent, staining rusty orange at edges of pellis and occasionally base when cut. Universal veilVLON\ZKLWHGU\WKLQDQGHDVLO\UXEELQJRII persistent in patches on apex of basidiomata. Cortina white, WKLFN SHUVLVWHQW QRW EUHDNLQJ UHDGLO\ VROLG WR RFFDVLRQDOO\ arachnoid as pileus expands. Spore drop rusty brown on inside of cortina. Odour not recorded fresh, dried specimens produce ‘wet dog’ odour. Basal rhizomorphs white. Basidiospores ± ± ±  î ± ȝP  “ 0.7 × 5.7 ± 0.5, Q= 1.2–1.8, n = 75), thin-walled, asymmetric, ellipsoid to occasionally ovate, light olive brown to orange EURZQLQZDWHUDQG.2+YHU\¿QHO\RUQDPHQWHGZLWK LVRODWHGZDUWV±ȝPKLJKLPPDWXUHVSRUHVFDQDSSHDU smooth; tapering slightly at point of attachment. Basidia ± ± ± î±ȝP “î“4 = 1.8–4.6, n = 17), clavate to cylindrical, hyaline, length highly YDULDEOH  RU VSRUHG VWHULJPDWD FRQLFDO ± ȝP ORQJ Cheilocystidia absent. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama±ȝPZLGHRIVKRUWSDUDOOHOK\DOLQHLQWHUZRYHQ VHSWDWHK\DOLQHK\SKDH±ȝPGLDPSubhymenium 20–30 ȝPZLGHRIK\DOLQHVOLJKWO\ LQÀDWHGK\SKDH±ȝPGLDP Pileipellis OD\HUHGDQHSLFXWLV±ȝPZLGHFRQVLVWLQJ RIYHU\¿QHK\DOLQHK\SKDH±ȝPGLDPWKDWZLGHQFORVHU WRFRQWH[W WRȝPGLDPZLWKVHSWDWHWHUPLQDOF\OLQGULFDO elements forming a patchy upright thin turf, overlying a VXEFXWLV±ȝPZLGHRIJROGHQEURZQ WRGHHSEURZQ SLJPHQWHGLQÀDWHGK\SKDH±î±ȝPPileus context ±ȝPZLGH RI LQWHUZRYHQ K\DOLQH K\SKDH±ȝP GLDP LQWHUPL[HGZLWK DEXQGDQW LQÀDWHG HOHPHQWV ± î ±ȝPClamp connections observed in pileipellis. Habit, habitat and distribution: Basidiomata emergent to hypogeal under leaf litter, embedded in dense mycelial mat with integrated leaf litter. Xanthorrhoea sp. and associated small shrubs in Eucalyptus cladocalyx open woodland. &XUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\IURP.DQJDURR,VODQG6RXWK$XVWUDOLD Typus: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, De Mole Site RII-XPSRII5RDGZLWKLQPRIJDWHRQ WUDFN-XQT. Lebel & D.E.A. Catcheside, TL2885 (holotype MEL 2464374; ITS DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34  Additional materials examined: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, De Mole Site off Jumpoff Road, 22 Jun. 2015, T. Lebel & H.P. Vonow, PSC4200-TL2707 (AD-C  0(/  ,76 DQG /68 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN PQ472594 and PQ472614); Kangaroo Island, De Mole Site off Jumpoff Road, near gate on upper ridge, 29 Jun. 2016, T. Lebel, D.E.A. Catcheside & H.P. Vonow, TL2842 (MEL 2464351); Kangaroo Island, De Mole Site off Jumpoff Road, near gate on upper ridge, 23 Jun. 2018, P.S. Catcheside, D.E.A. Catcheside & H.P. Vonow, PSC4592 (AD-C 61232). Notes: Basidiomes of C. descensoriformis resemble those of C. debbieae (Trappe & Claridge 2003) except the stipe- columella is less robust and much shorter, with an obvious bulbous marginate base and the lamellae are pale tan initially but become a very rich orange brown rather than dull brown as in C. debbiae. Cortinarius descensoriformis basidiomes also strongly resemble those of C. globuliformisEXWODFNWKH bright yellow colouring of the basidiome or the mycelium %RXJKHU 0DODMF]XN  Cortinarius descensoriformis sits within a small strongly supported clade with several other sequestrate taxa including C. malogranatus sp. nov., Cortinarius sp. (MEL2356433) and C. kaki sp. nov., and an undescribed taxon with mushroom basidiome form Cortinarius sp. (RB607, PERTH06435955). Almost all the species in this clade have basidiomes with a persistent white to silvery universal veil overlying a creamy tan to brown dry or slimy pileus, and a somewhat bulbous stipe base. The exception is the collection Cortinarius sp. (RB607, PERTH06435955), which according to the accompanying notes has a glutinous orange tan to yellowish pileus. Several other species with mushroom basidiome forms, C. dulciorum, C. iringa, C. cremeorufus, C. cremeolinus, and C. cremeolinus var. subpicoides from New Zealand, and C. “rapaceus var. luridus” *HQ%DQN$) C. cf. austrorapaceus; Soop et al. 2023) and CortinariusVS *HQ%DQN23HWF IURP Chile, are in a poorly supported broader sect. Cremeolinae clade (BS 55/ PP 0.59; Soop et al. 2019, 2023), with three sequestrate taxa from Australia, C. nebulobrunneus 'DQNV et al. 2010), C. lissosporus sp. nov. and Cortinarius sp. (H6558). Colour illustrations: Long unburnt Eucalyptus woodland dominated by E. cladocalyx with Xanthorrhoea sp. understorey, Flinders Chase 1DWLRQDO3DUN.DQJDURR,VODQG$XVWUDOLDKRORW\SHVLWH%DVLGLRPDWD LQ¿HOGPLFURVFRSLFHOHPHQWVRUQDPHQWHGEDVLGLRVSRUHV LQZDWHU SEM of basidiospores showing spore walls. Scale bars: basidiomata PPVSRUHVDQG6(0VSRUHV ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 453 Discussion continues over whether the splitting of the old genus Cortinarius into 10 genera, with seven described as new (Liimatainen et al. 2022), was a little hasty (Gallone et -%URDGEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH$GHODLGH6RXWK$XVWUDOLD$XVWUDOLDHPDLOMDVPLQEURDGEULGJH#DGHODLGHHGXDX T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au P. Catcheside, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Pam.Catcheside@sa.gov.au D. Catcheside, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia; HPDLO'DYLG&DWFKHVLGH#ÀLQGHUVHGXDX al. 2024). We have therefore maintained the use of the genus name Cortinarius, rather than utilizing Thaxterogaster, for this new species. For phylogenetic tree, see Cortinarius albofolliculus (FP 1821). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025454 Cortinarius kaki Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 455 Fungal Planet 1823 MB 855767 Cortinarius kaki Broadbridge & T. Lebel, sp. nov. Etymology: From the Japanese term for persimmon (Diosporus kaki  DQG WKH G\H REWDLQHG IURP SHUVLPPRQ ZKLFK LV ³NDNL´ LQ reference to the colour of the spore mass. The fabric that results IURPG\HLQJZLWKWKLVSLJPHQWLVFDOOHGNDNLVKLEX &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata hypogeal, sporulating in large numbers in clusters or singly in deep leaf litter. Pileus 5–21 mm diam. × 4–17 mm high, occasionally turbinate, often subglobose, irregularly folded and appressed where 2–3 sporocarps are close together, apex initially convex becoming planoconvex, GU\ VLON\ ZKLWH ZLWK D WKLQ XQLYHUVDO YHLO HDVLO\ UXEEHG RII overlying dull tan to grey translucent pileus. Hymenophore sublamellate to labyrinthine-loculate, initially pale dull tan becoming buff with maturity, turning light rusty brown to honey brown or bright ochre in older specimens. Stipe-columella 2–5(–6) mm diam., percurrent, central, solid, waxy white translucent, context remaining white or staining yellowish orange in some specimens, extending into a white basal bulb at base of stipe, ± 3–9 mm diam., with white ‘rim’ from cottony, persistent veil. Cortina white, persistent, staining yellow to tan brown on handling. Odour FKORULQHWRÀRUDORFFDVLRQDOO\ odourless. Basal mycelium white. Basidiospores (8.0–)9.0–  ± î±ȝP PHDQ“î“4  ±Q  HOOLSVRLGWRREORQJ WKLFNZDOOHG¿QHO\WR URXJKO\ZDUW\RUQDPHQWDWLRQXSWRȝPKLJKQRWHLPPDWXUH spores appearing smooth and hyaline or pale yellow, mature spores golden to rust coloured in KOH. Basidia 20.0–24.4(–  î ± ±ȝP DY“î“4 ± 3.4, n = 6), 4-spored, clavate, smooth. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not observed. Hymenophoral trama 180–500 ȝPZLGHFRPSRVHGRISDUDOOHO LQWHUZRYHQK\DOLQHK\SKDH ±ȝPGLDPWKDWDUHRFFDVLRQDOO\LQÀDWHGXSWRȝP Subhymenium hyphae appearing similar to those present in hymenophoral trama. Pileipellis DFXWLV±ȝPZLGH FRPSRVHGRIWKLQK\DOLQHK\SKDH±ȝPGLDPRYHUO\LQJ DEURDGFRQWH[W±ȝPZLGHRI LQWHUZRYHQSDUDOOHO ³EULFNOLNH´VHSWDWHK\SKDH±ȝPGLDPDUHDVRIJROGHQ pigment sparse but throughout pileipellis. Clamp connections not observed. Habit, habitat and distribution: Sporulating in large numbers in clusters or singly in deep leaf litter under Eucalyptus spp in RSHQZRRGODQGZLWKORZKHUEDFHRXVOD\HU&XUUHQWO\NQRZQ only from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Typus: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, Flinders Chase 1DWLRQDO3DUNDORQJWUDFNIURP0D\V&RWWDJHWR3ODW\SXVZDWHUKROHV ZRRGODQGRQ¿UVWULGJH-XQT. Lebel, H.P. Vonow & D.E.A. Catcheside, TL2824 (holotype AD 293971, isotype MEL 2464333; ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34  Additional materials examined: Australia, South Australia, .DQJDURR ,VODQG )OLQGHUV &KDVH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN DORQJ PDLQ 9LVLWRUV &HQWUH WUDFN IURP0D\V &RWWDJH WR 3ODW\SXV waterholes, 23 Jun. 2019, T. Lebel, TL3127 (AD 293952; ITS DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34  .DQJDURR,VODQG)OLQGHUV&KDVH1DWLRQDO3DUNDORQJWUDFN from Mays Cottage to Platypus waterholes, lunch stop ridge, 23 Jun. 2019, T. Lebel, TL3129 (AD 293954; ITS sequence *HQ%DQN34  Notes: Cortinarius kaki differs from C. walpolensis (Francis %RXJKHU LQWKHODFNRIFLQQDPRQ¿EULOVRQWKHSDOH pileus surface that inconsistently stain brown, more robust EDVDO EXOE WR VWLSH DQG UREXVW SHUFXUUHQW VWLSH DQG ODFN of yellow pigmentation in pileipellis or context in C. kaki. Cortinarius kaki sits within a small strongly supported clade (BS 100/ PP 1.0) with several other sequestrate taxa C. descensoriformis sp. nov., Cortinarius sp. (MEL2356433) and C. malogranatus sp. nov., and an undescribed taxon with mushroom basidiome form Cortinarius sp. (RB607, PERTH06435955). Almost all the species in this clade have basidiomes with a persistent white to silvery universal veil overlying a creamy tan to brown dry or slimy pileus, and a somewhat bulbous stipe base. The exception is the collection Cortinarius sp. (RB607, PERTH06435955), which according to the accompanying notes has a glutinous orange tan to yellowish pileus. Several other species with mushroom basidiome forms, C. dulciorum, C. iringa, C. cremeorufus, C. cremeolinus, and C. cremeolinus var. subpicoides from New Zealand, and C. “rapaceus var. luridus” *HQ%DQN$) = C. cf. austrorapaceus; Soop et al. 2023) and Cortinarius VS *HQ%DQN23 HWF  IURP&KLOH are in a poorly supported broader sect. Cremeolinae clade (BS 55/ PP 0.59; Soop et al. 2019, 2023), with three sequestrate taxa from Australia, C. nebulobrunneus 'DQNV et al. 2010), C. lissosporus sp. nov. and Cortinarius sp. (H6558). Discussion continues over whether the splitting of the old genus Cortinarius into 10 genera, with seven described as new (Liimatainen et al. 2022), was a little hasty (Gallone et al. 2024). We have therefore maintained the use of the genus name Cortinarius, rather than utilizing Thaxterogaster, for this new species. For phylogenetic tree, see Cortinarius albofolliculus (FP 1821). Colour illustrations: Eucalyptus open woodland with mixed low shrub and Xanthorrhoea VS XQGHUVWRUH\ )OLQGHUV &KDVH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN .DQJDURR ,VODQG$XVWUDOLD KRORW\SHVLWH%DVLGLRPDWD LQ ¿HOGDQG lab; microscopic elements: ornamented basidiospores in water; SEM of basidiospores showing irregular ornamentation. Scale bars: EDVLGLRPDWD PPVSRUHVDQG6(0VSRUHV ȝP -%URDGEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH$GHODLGH6RXWK$XVWUDOLD$XVWUDOLDHPDLOMDVPLQEURDGEULGJH#DGHODLGHHGXDX T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au P. Catcheside, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Pam.Catcheside@sa.gov.au D. Catcheside, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia; HPDLO'DYLG&DWFKHVLGH#ÀLQGHUVHGXDX Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025456 Cortinarius lissosporus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 457 Fungal Planet 1824 MB 855766 Cortinarius lissosporus Broadbridge & T. Lebel, sp. nov. Etymology: Alluding to the smooth appearance of the spores, lisso (GK. for smooth), which is not very common in the genus. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata hypogeal in clusters, well embedded in leaf litter and organic layer. Pileus 6–40 mm diam. × 5–35 mm KLJK JORERVH WR VXEJORERVH RFFDVLRQDOO\ ÀDWWHQHG ZLWK planoconvex to convex apex and some furrowing or ridging LQ ROGHU VSHFLPHQV VPRRWK WR IDLQWO\ ¿EULOORVH VLON\ HDVLO\ UXEEHGRIIGU\ZKLWHWRLYRU\FRORXUHGÀHVKXSWRPPWKLFN white to cream coloured. Hymenophore loculate, chambers ¿QHODE\ULQWKLQHLQLWLDOO\EULJKW\HOORZLVKEURZQEXUQWXPEHU or sienna, becoming bright orangish rusty brown to cinnamon in age. Stipe 1–5 mm high × 3–8 mm diam., present as an inserted bulbous basal pad, barely exserted beyond pileus, white, dry, cottony; context white to translucent; columella absent or present as narrow white percurrent strand 0.5 mm diam. Universal veilZKLWHVLON\WKLQOD\HUFRPSOHWHO\HQFDVLQJ pileus, becoming cottony, with robust attachment between basal pad margin and pileus, persistent. Cortina (partial veil) present, white, fragile. Basal mycelium white. Odour faint chlorine. Basidiospores (7.0–)8.0–9.0(–9.5) × (4.5–)5.0–6.0 ȝP DY“î“4 ±Q   broadly ellipsoid to lemon shaped with somewhat tapering SRLQW RI DWWDFKPHQW V\PPHWULFDO WKLFN ZDOOHG SLJPHQWHG golden, appearing smooth or unornamented in KOH or water EXWYHU\¿QH OLQHVDQGÀDWZDUWVEDUHO\YLVLEOHXQGHU6(0. Basidia ± ± ±  î ± ȝP DY  ± 4.9 × 6.62 ± 0.87, n = 23), slightly clavate, unpigmented, appear long due to length/width ratio, 4-spored. Cystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama ± ȝP ZLGH RI KLJKO\ LQÀDWHGVHSWDWHK\DOLQHK\SKDH±ȝPGLDPLQWHUZRYHQ and appearing parenchymatous. Subhymenium of hyaline hyphae, 6–13 ×±ȝP diam., interwoven and narrower than hymenial trama hyphae. Pileipellis ±ȝPZLGHDQDUURZ cutis composed of thin, loosely interwoven septate hyphae ±ȝPGLDP WKDW H[WHQG SDVW SLOHXV VXUIDFH LQ D SDWFK\ WRPHQWXPVPRRWKZDOOHGWKRXJKRFFDVLRQDOO\ZLWKYHU\¿QH crystalline ornamentation, golden brown pigmentation in parts; overlying a broad context 110–450 ȝP wide, of loosely LQWHUZRYHQKLJKO\ LQÀDWHGK\DOLQHK\SKDH 15–ȝm diam., appearing parenchymatous in patches. Clamp connections observed within hymenophoral trama and pileipellis. Habitat, habitat and distribution: Hypogeal in clusters, well embedded in leaf litter and organic layer under old Melaleuca sp. and Callitris sp. in swampy areas of heathland with lots of downed wood of varying diameter, in mixed Eucalyptus ZRRGODQG &XUUHQWO\ NQRZQ IURP .DQJDURR ,VODQG 6RXWK Australia and southwest Western Australia. Typus: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, Flinders Chase 1DWLRQDO3DUN3ODW\SXV:DWHUKROHV7UDFNMelaleuca sp. and Callitris sp. old stand of dead trees, 25 Jun. 2016, T. Lebel, P.S. Catcheside, D.E.A. Catcheside & H.P. Vonow, TL2801 (holotype AD 293977, isotype MEL 2464310; ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Additional materials examined: Australia, South Australia, .DQJDURR ,VODQG )OLQGHUV &KDVH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN 3ODW\SXV :DWHUKROHV7UDFNXQGHUROGMelaleuca sp. and Callitris sp., southern side of path, 25 Jun. 2016, T. Lebel, P.S. Catcheside, D.E.A. Catcheside & H.P. Vonow, TL2802 (AD 293970, MEL 2464311; I76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34 'HHS&UHHN 1DWLRQDO3DUN6WULQJ\EDUN:DONLQJWUDFNHXFDO\SWZRRGODQG 15 Jul. 2005, P.S. Catcheside & D.E.A. Catcheside, PSC2244 $'& 'HHS&UHHN1DWLRQDO3DUN:LOGÀRZHU:DON WUDFNLQRSHQPRVV\FRPSDFWHGVRLO-XOT.M Bridle, 70% $'&,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PQ472607 and PQ472622); Western Australia, Boyicup, Eucalyptus woodland, 1 Jul. 1975, P. Christensen, JMT5456 3(57+,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Notes: Cortinarius lissosporus might be easily confused with sequestrate species of Austropaxillus (= Gymnopaxillus) or Descolea (= Hysterogaster) in the white to pale creamy basidiomes with pale tan to burnt sienna loculate hymenophore, reduced stipe-columella and smooth appearance of the spores. However, the spores of both Austropaxillus and Descolea DUHFRQVLGHUDEO\ ODUJHU W\SLFDOO\±ȝP ORQJ and are dextrinoid in Melzer’s reagent. Cortinarius lissosporus basidiomes also resemble those of C. walpolensis (Francis  %RXJKHU   EXW WKH VSRUHV DSSHDU VPRRWK XQOLNH C. walpolensis spores which are ornamented with obvious LUUHJXODU¿QHORZZDUWVDQGURGV XSWRȝPKLJK $QDO\VLV of molecular data (ITS-LSU) places Cortinarius lissosporus in a moderately supported clade (BS 60/ PP 0.86) with two sequences from undescribed Australian sequestrate species Cortinarius VS *HQ%DQN .3  DQG Cortinarius aff. levisporus *HQ%DQN'4 )URPWKH¿HOGQRWHVWKHVH two collections have similar macromorphology to the new species but differ microscopically. Colour illustrations: Mixed Eucalyptus woodland dominated by Melaleuca sp. and Callitris sp. with mixed heathland understorey,  \UV DIWHU ¿UH )OLQGHUV &KDVH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN .DQJDURR ,VODQG $XVWUDOLD KRORW\SH VLWH %DVLGLRPDWD LQ WKH ¿HOG PLFURVFRSLF elements: smooth spores in water; SEM of basidiospores showing very low ornamentation on some spores. Scale bars: basidiomata = PPVSRUHVDQG6(0VSRUHV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025458 These taxa are all part of a strongly supported clade (BS 92/ PP 1.0) in a poorly supported sect. Cremeolinae (Soop et al. 2019, 2023) of several taxa with mushroom basidiomata form including C. iringa, C. cremeorufus, C. cremeolinus, and C. cremeolinus var. subpicoides from New Zealand, and C. “rapaceus var. luridus´ *HQ%DQN$) = C. cf. austrorapaceus Soop et al. 2023) and Cortinarius VS *HQ%DQN23HWF IURP&KLOH7KHVHTXHVWUDWH Cortinarius nebulobrunneus has robust, almost agaricoid EDVLGLRPHV ZLWK D ¿QH ZKLWH EORRP RI XQLYHUVDO YHLO RYHU DSDOHWDQSLOHXVGDUNHUK\PHQRSKRUHDQGHOOLSVRLG¿QHO\ ZDUW\VSRUHV 'DQNVet al. 2010). All taxa in this clade have VSRUHVWKDWDSSHDUVPRRWKRUZLWKORZ ȝPKLJK ¿QH ornamentation. J. Broadbridge, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 AustraliaHPDLOMDVPLQEURDGEULGJH#DGHODGHHGXDX T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au P. Catcheside, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Pam.Catcheside@sa.gov.au D. Catcheside, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia; HPDLO'DYLG&DWFKHVLGH#ÀLQGHUVHGXDX Discussion continues over whether the splitting of the old genus Cortinarius into 10 genera, with seven described as new (Liimatainen et al. 2022), was a little hasty (Gallone et al. 2024). We have therefore maintained the use of the genus name Cortinarius, rather than utilizing Thaxterogaster, for this new species. For phylogenetic tree, see Cortinarius albofolliculus (FP 1821). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 459 Cortinarius malogranatus Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025460 Fungal Planet 1825 MB 855765 Cortinarius malogranatus Broadbridge & T. Lebel, sp. nov. Etymology: In reference to the overall appearance of the deep SXUSOH EURZQ WKLFNZDOOHG VSRUHV LQ WKH K\PHQRSKRUH ZKLFK DUH reminiscent of the interior of a pomegranate, malogranata (L. for pomegranate, “apple with many seeds”). &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata hypogeal, fruiting singly or in small clusters, embedded in a dense mat of slightly gummy mycelium and ¿QHOHDIOLWWHUPileus 8–22(–25) mm diam. × 8–16 mm high, turbinate to parachute shaped becoming planoconvex with occasionally shallowly depressed apex at maturity, surface GU\ VLOYHU\ ZKLWH WR VPRNH\ JUH\ WUDQVOXFHQW VKHHQ IURP RYHUO\LQJYHU\¿QHZKLWHXQLYHUVDOYHLOFRPSOHWHO\HQFDVLQJ younger basidiomes, overlying pale cream to translucent tissue underneath, occasionally with metallic blue-green sheen in mature basidiomes or where veil is eroded with KDQGOLQJSHOOLVFRQWH[W“±PPWKLFNDWDSH[QDUURZLQJWR 0.5–1.0 mm at margin, moist, waxy-cartilaginous, translucent pale cream to pale tan, margin remaining incurved at maturity. Hymenophore labyrinthine sublamellate, irregular LQVKDSHLQLWLDOO\GXOOSDOHEURZQEHFRPLQJULFKGDUNEURZQ Stipe-columella 3–8 mm diam., white, dry, percurrent, robust, central, cylindrical, expanding into a bulbous base which barely protrudes beyond pileus margin, apparent as thin white disc at base of stipe-columella when viewed on upturned basidiomes; context translucent to cartilaginous, staining yellowish to orange at outer edges of pileus and base when cut in some basidiomes. Universal veilZKLWH GU\ ¿EULOORVH ¿QH EORRP RYHU ZKROH EDVLGLRPH WKLQ HDVLO\ UHPRYHG E\ rubbing, remaining attached from pellis to the basal bulb, persistent. Cortina (partial veil) present as a barely visible, ¿QHZKLWHVKRUWOD\HUEHWZHHQEDVDOEXOEPDUJLQDQGSLOHXV margin. Spore colourGDUNEURZQHQPDVVHOdour none or VRPHWLPHV FKORULQH WR IDLQWO\ ÀRUDOBasal mycelium white. Basidiospores (13.2–)16.0–20.0(–23.4) × 13.0–17.0(–21.5) ȝP DY“î“4 ±Q  PRVWO\ globose, occasionally subglobose and slightly asymmetrical, WKLFNZDOOHG¿QHO\RUQDPHQWHGZLWKÀDW WRSSHGEURDGSHJV DQG ULGJHV ± ȝPKLJK EDUHO\ YLVLEOH EHQHDWK XWULFOH heavily pigmented deep purple-brown; point of attachment TXLWH GH¿QHG Basidia (16.6–)25–44(–66) × (6.9–)10.0–  ±  ȝP DY  “ î  “ 4  ± n = 43), cylindrical to narrowly clavate, mostly 4-spored WKRXJKRFFDVLRQDOO\RUVSRUHG VWHULJPDWD±ȝP long, robust. Cheilocystidia not observed. Pleurocystidia not observed. Hymenophoral trama±ȝPZLGHRIK\SKDH DUUDQJHGOLQHDUO\³EULFNOLNH´VOLJKWO\LQÀDWHGLQDUHDV± ±  ȝPXQSLJPHQWHGRUZLWKVXEWOHJROGHQSLJPHQWWRZDUGV subhymenium. Subhymenium±ȝPZLGHFRPSRVHGRI ERWKWKLQK\DOLQHK\SKDHDQGLQÀDWHGK\SKDH±ȝPGLDP Pileipellis±ȝPZLGHDFXWLVFRPSRVHGRIWKLQORRVHO\ LQWHUZRYHQK\SKDH± ± ȝPZLWKYHU\¿QHJROGHQ ornamentation scattered on walls, overlying a broad context, ±ȝPZLGHFRPSRVHGRIK\SKDH±ȝPGLDP with faintly golden content in patches. Clamp connections observed in pellis hyphae. Habit, habitat and distribution: Fruiting singly or in small clusters, embedded in a dense mat of slightly gummy P\FHOLXPDQG¿QH OHDI OLWWHU LQEucalyptus cladocalyx open woodland in deep leaf litter. Associated plants Xanthorrhoea and small shrubs. Known from southern South Australia. Typus: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, De Mole site DWHQGRI-XPSRII5RDGRIIWKH3OD\IRUG+LJKZD\WRHDVWRIWUDFNWR EULGJHLQWRQHDUE\FUHHNOLQHEucalyptus open woodland in deep leaf litter, 22 Jun. 2016, T. Lebel, P.S. Catcheside & D.E.A. Catcheside, TL2768 (holotype AD 293974, isotype MEL 2464277; ITS sequence *HQ%DQN34  Additional materials examined: Australia, South Australia, .DQJDURR ,VODQG 5RFN\ 5LYHU WUDFN QHDU EULGJH  -XQ 2004, P.S. Catcheside & D.E.A. Catcheside, PSC1981 (AD- &,76DQG/68*HQ%DQN34DQG34  Kangaroo Island, De Mole Site at end of Jumpoff Road off the Playford Highway, Site 2, 23 Jun. 2015, T. Lebel & P.S. Catcheside, TL2708/PSC4249 (AD-C 59635, MEL ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG 34 .DQJDURR,VODQG5RFN\5LYHU%ULGJHWUDFN Jun. 2017, H.P. Vonow, G. Scott & S. Giacopini, TL2875 (AD 0(/ ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PQ472599 and PQ472619); Kangaroo Island, Flinders &KDVH1DWLRQDO3DUN5RFN\5LYHUWUDFNQHDUEULGJH-XO 2005, P.S. Catcheside, PSC2276 (AD-C 52859); Kangaroo ,VODQG)OLQGHUV&KDVH1DWLRQDO3DUN5RFN\5LYHUWUDFN Jul. 2006, P.S. Catcheside, PSC2587 (AD-C 54661). Notes: Cortinarius malogranatus resembles another sequestrate species, C. sebosus from Western Australia (Francis & Bougher 2004), in the sublamellate brown hymenophore and reasonably robust stipe-columella. However, the pileus of C. malogranatus is dry not slightly YLVFLGDQGVLOYHU\ZKLWHWRVPRNH\JUH\ GXHWRWKHSHUVLVWHQW universal veil) or sometimes metallic blue grey in older basidiomes, versus the creamy yellow, greenish grey or slightly purple pileus of C. sebosus. In microscopic characters, C. sebosus consistently has 2- rather than 4-spored basidia. Furthermore, analysis of molecular data (ITS) places C. malogranatus sp (BS 42 / PP 0.84) in a completely different lineage within Cortinarius, sect. Cremeolinae, to C. sebosus (placement in sect. Verniciori, Liimatainen et al. 2022, with low support BS 30/ PP 0.69). Cortinarius malogranatus sits within a small strongly supported clade (BS 100/ PP 1.0) with several other sequestrate taxa C. descensiformis sp. nov., Colour illustrations: Long unburnt Eucalyptus woodland dominated by E. cladocalyx with Xanthorrhoea sp. understory, Flinders Chase 1DWLRQDO3DUN.DQJDURR,VODQG$XVWUDOLDKRORW\SHVLWH%DVLGLRPDWD LQ ODE DQG ¿HOG PLFURVFRSLF HOHPHQWV GHHS SXUSOHEURZQ WKLFN walled ornamented basidiospores in water; SEM of basidiospores showing spore walls. Scale bars: basidiomata = 10 mm; spores and 6(0VSRUHV ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 461 Cortinarius sp. (MEL2356433) and C. kaki sp. nov., and an undescribed taxon with mushroom basidiome form Cortinarius sp. (RB607, PERTH06435955). Almost all the species in this clade have basidiomes with a persistent white to silvery universal veil overlying a creamy tan to brown dry or slimy pileus, and a somewhat bulbous stipe base. The exception is the collection Cortinarius sp. (RB607, PERTH06435955), which according to the accompanying notes has a glutinous orange tan to yellowish pileus. Several other species with mushroom basidiome forms, C. dulciorum, C. iringa, C. cremeorufus, C. cremeolinus, and C. cremeolinus var. subpicoides from New Zealand, and C. “rapaceus var. luridus” *HQ%DQN$) C. cf. austrorapaceus; Soop et al. 2023) and Cortinarius VS *HQ%DQN23HWF  IURP -%URDGEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH$GHODLGH6RXWK$XVWUDOLD$XVWUDOLDHPDLOMDVPLQEURDGEULGJH#DGHODLGHHGXDX T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au P. Catcheside, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Pam.Catcheside@sa.gov.au D. Catcheside, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia; HPDLO'DYLG&DWFKHVLGH#ÀLQGHUVHGXDX Chile, are in a poorly supported broader sect. Cremeolinae clade (BS 55/ PP 0.59; Soop et al. 2019, 2023), with three sequestrate taxa from Australia, C. nebulobrunneus 'DQNV et al. 2010), C. lissosporus sp. nov. and Cortinarius sp. (H6558). Variation in the barcode genes ITS and LSU is low in sect. Cremeolinae, and further genes are required to disentangle close relationships within this clade of Southern Hemisphere taxa. Discussion continues over whether the splitting of the old genus Cortinarius into 10 genera, with seven described as new (Liimatainen et al. 2022), was a little hasty (Gallone et al. 2024). We have therefore maintained the use of the genus name Cortinarius, rather than utilizing Thaxterogaster, for this new species. For phylogenetic tree, see Cortinarius albofolliculus (FP 1821). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025462 Cortinarius sebosioides Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 463 Fungal Planet 1826 MB 855768 Cortinarius sebosioides Broadbridge & T. Lebel, sp. nov. Etymology: In reference to the close relationship, and resemblance to, Cortinarius sebosus. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Cortinariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata embedded in long decayed wood litter and/ or mossy soil, not solitary. Pileus 5–13 mm diam. × 5–15 PP KLJK WXUELQDWH RU HORQJDWH WR ÀDWWHQHG ZLWK GLVWLQFWO\ EXOERXVEDVHVXUIDFHFRPSOHWHO\FRYHUHGZLWKVLOYHU\VLON\ thin white to pale cream in patches universal veil, easily UXEELQJ RII RYHUO\LQJ GDUN JUH\ WR ZDUP WDQ WUDQVOXFHQW ÀHVK Hymenophore sublamellate to lamellate, few cross connections, colour initially buff brown to rich chestnut brown to cocoa brown. Stipe-columella 2.5 × 3.5(–4) mm diam. × ± ± PPKLJKSHUFXUUHQWFHQWUDOVROLGZKLWHVLON\GU\ extending into a broad basal bulb 3–8(–11) mm diam. × 2–4 mm high, with patches of orange tinges on some specimens or presenting as an orange-tinged rim (fragile, easily rubbed off); context ¿EURXV ZKLWH RFFDVLRQDOO\ DSSHDULQJ VLOYHU to translucent, staining orangish around outer edge when freshly cut. Universal veilVLON\ZKLWHGU\UHODWLYHO\WKLFNEXW easily rubbing off, persistent remaining attached to pileus rim and stipe base. Partial veil/Cortina cobwebby, fragile, thin, VLON\ZKLWH UHPDLQLQJDWWDFKHGOdour not recorded. Basal rhizomorphs white. Basidiospores (10.0–)13.0–17.6(–18.7) × 9.0–11.8(–13.0) μm, (14.8 ± 1.72 × 10.97 ± 1.01, Q= 1.1–1.7, Q  VXEJORERVHWRRERYDWHWKLFNZDOOHGRUQDPHQWDWLRQ warty-nodulose 0.5–2 μm high, more prominent at spore apex, golden to rusty brown in water or 3 % KOH. Basidia 15–40 × 3–11 μm, (av.30.7 ± 8.1 × 8.1 ± 3.1, Q = 2.6–7.9, n = 22), narrowly clavate, occasionally with faint golden pigment; mostly 2- or 4- spored, sometimes 1- or 3-spored, sterigmata 4–7 μm long. Cystidia 26–30 × 6–8 μm, smooth, clavate. Hymenophoral trama 40–250 μm wide, of loosely interwoven K\DOLQHLQÀDWHGK\SKDH±—PGLDPSubhymenium 15– —PZLGHRI LQÀDWHGK\SKDH±—PGLDPK\SKDH golden fading to near translucent halfway across width. Pileipellis 47–99 μm wide, an ixocutis of mostly horizontal golden pigmented hyphae 1.8–4.0 μm diam. embedded in a gelatinised matrix, though on some specimens hyphal tips protruding from surface, hyphae smooth with occasional ornamentation appearing as small bumps throughout. Pileus context ±—PZLGHRIKLJKO\ LQÀDWHGK\SKDH± μm diam., appearing parenchymatous, with patchy golden pigmentation. Clamp connections observed in hymenophoral trama and pileal context. Pigment deposits golden throughout the hymenophore. Habit, habitat and distribution: Embedded in long decayed wood litter and/or mossy soil, fruiting in clusters in eucalypt ZRRGODQG&XUUHQWO\NQRZQIURP.DQJDURR,VODQGVRXWKHUQ South Australia. Typus: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, Flinders Chase 1DWLRQDO3DUN5DYLQH GHV&DVRDUV QHDU EULGJH  -XQ T. Lebel, P.S. Catcheside, D.E.A. Catcheside & H.P. Vonow, TL2811 (holotype AD 293973, isotype MEL 2464320; ITS and LSU VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34  Additional materials examined: Australia, South Australia, .DQJDURR ,VODQG )OLQGHUV &KDVH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN 5DYLQH des Casoars, site 1 near bridge, 22 Jun. 2015, H.P. Vonow, 36& $'&,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Adelaide Hills, Mylor Conservation Reserve off Whitehead 5RDG DORQJ HGJH RI WUDFN  -XQ T. Lebel, TL3575 $',76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34 and PQ472613). Notes: Basidiomes of C. sebosioides resemble those of C. sebosus (Francis & Bougher 2004) and C. malogranatus sp. nov. in the sublamellate brown hymenophore and reasonably robust stipe-columella. However, C. sebosioides ODFNV the yellow-, greenish grey or dull purple tinges present in C. sebosus, and has a basal bulb with patches of orange tinges or an orange-tinged rim and a stipe context that stains orangish around the outer edge when freshly cut. 8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHRUDQJH¿EULOVRQWKHEDVDOEXOEDUHIUDJLOH and easily rubbed off during collection, thus are often missing from basidiomes. Microscopically C. sebosioides has mostly 4- rather than 2- spored basidia, slightly smaller and narrower spores (av. 14.8 × 11 μm) than C. sebosus (av. 17.5 × 12 μm), and a narrower ixocutis of golden pigmented rather than hyaline hyphae overlying a broad context of patchily pigmented hyphae. Cortinarius sebosioides (BS 61/ PP 0.9) is placed in a strongly supported clade (BS 100/ PP 1.0) with the sequestrate C. sebosus from Western Australia; there are consistent 4–6 bp difference between the two taxa in the ITS UHJLRQ7KLVWRJHWKHUZLWKPRUSKRORJLFDOGLIIHUHQFHVDQGODFN of overlap in current distributions, encouraged us to describe C. sebosioides at the species rather than varietal level. A third sequestrate species, C. albofolliculus sp. nov., is sister to these taxa. In this analysis, these sequestrate taxa are placed in a poorly supported (BS 30/ PP 0.69) sect. Verniciori (Liimatainen et al. 2022) clade that includes C. neuquensis from Argentina (light ochre brown to reddish glutinous pileus with pale cinnamon universal veil; Salgado Salomon et al. Colour illustrations: Eucalyptus woodland with a mixture of mallee form Eucalyptus spp. with mixed heath shrub understory, Flinders &KDVH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN .DQJDURR ,VODQG $XVWUDOLD KRORW\SH VLWH %DVLGLRPDWD LQ ¿HOG DQG ODE PLFURVFRSLF HOHPHQWV VHFWLRQ RI pileipellis; SEM of basidiospores showing robust ornamentation. 6FDOHEDUVEDVLGLRPDWD PPVSRUHVDQG6(0VSRUHV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025464 -%URDGEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH$GHODLGH6RXWK$XVWUDOLD$XVWUDOLDHPDLOMDVPLQEURDGEULGJH#DGHODLGHHGXDX T. Lebel, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Teresa.Lebel@sa.gov.au P. Catcheside, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia; e-mail: Pam.Catcheside@sa.gov.au D. Catcheside, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia; HPDLO'DYLG&DWFKHVLGH#ÀLQGHUVHGXDX 2021), C. verniciorum (Soop 2013) and C. dulcamarus from New Zealand (orange brown basidiomes with strongly viscid pilei; Soop 2016), and CortinariusVS *HQ%DQN0* RB065) from Western Australia. The basidiomata of the sequestrate taxa do not resemble the mushroom counterparts LQ WKLV SRRUO\ VXSSRUWHG FODGH ODFNLQJ DQ\ YLVFLGLW\ DQG JHQHUDOO\ODFNLQJDQ\KLQWVRIRUDQJHRUUHGGLVKFRORXUDWLRQ In a much broader sampling of species, (ITS only; unpub.), all three sequestrate taxa C. sebosioides, C. albofolliculus sp. nov. and C. sebosus remain in a strongly supported (PP 0.9) clade with C. verniciorum, C. neuquensis and an undescribed VSHFLHVIURP&KLOH *HQ%DQN23  For phylogenetic tree, see Cortinarius albofolliculus (FP 1821). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 465 Cuphophyllus dolomiticus Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025466 Fungal Planet 1827 MB 857868 Cuphophyllus dolomiticus E. Campo & E. Larss., sp. nov. Etymology: Refers to the area, the Dolomites, where the species ¿UVWZDVIRXQG &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata clitocybioid. Pileus 5–25 mm diam., as young hemispheric to plano-convex with incurved margin, without RUMXVWORZEURDGDQGEOXQWXPERZLWKDJHEHFRPLQJSODQH sometimes depressed with wavy and lobed margin, dry WR VXEYLVFLG VOLJKWO\ ZULQNOHG XQGHU WKH OHQV VRPHWLPHV translucently striate at margin up to 1/3 towards the centre, K\JURSKDQRXV ¿UVW UDWKHU XQLIRUPO\ GDUN EURZQ FKRFRODWH FRORXUHGZLWK D ZHDN SXUSOH YLROHW WRQH ZLWK DJH SDOHU DW margin, somewhat striate and fading. Lamellae short to rather deeply decurrent, arcuate, distant to subdistant, lamellae that reach the stipe = 16–25(–30), interspaced with ODPHOOXODHDIHZIXUFDWHLQWHUYHQLQJ¿UVWSDOHJUH\LVKODWHU greyish-brown with purple-violet tone usually with pale edge. Stipe ± î ±PP F\OLQGULFDO XVXDOO\ WKLFNHVW DW WKH apex or upper half, sometimes tapering and often bending WRZDUGV WKH EDVH GU\ PDWW ¿EULOORVH OHQJWKZLVH SDOH ZKLWLVKWRJUH\LVKZLWKDJHJHWWLQJDZHDNEURZQYLROHWWRQH Context concolourous. Smell immediately pleasant almost sweetish then rubber, taste indistinct. Micro-morphology measured from fresh and dried material dehydrated in 3 % KOH and ammoniacal Congo red solution. Basidiospores (6.0–)8.1–8.6–9.1(–10.3) × (5.0–)5.4–5.7–6.1(–6.7) μm, n = 170, Q = 1.39–1.66, Q av. = 1.53, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, a few lacrymoid, with a distinct and often oblique apiculus, often with a large drop, hyaline, white in deposit, non-amyloid. Basidia 47–53–58 × 7–8–9 μm, n = 25, Q av. = 6.6, narrowly clavate, 4-spored, 2-spored, a few 1-spored, hyaline, sterigmata 5.4–7.4 μm long. Cheolocystidioid hairs 28–46 × 3–4 μm, abundant on the lamellar edge, cylindrical, VLQXRXVQRUPDOO\ZLWKREWXVHDSH[EXWDOVREL¿GQRGXORVHRU capitate. Lamellae trama interwoven, made up of cylindrical K\SKDH±—PZLGHVRPHEUDQFKHGDQGLQÀDWHGZHDNO\ encrusted by ochraceous pigments. Pileipellis a cutis up WR ± —P WKLFN ZLWK QRQJHODWLQL]HG UDGLDOO\ LQWHUZRYHQ K\SKDH ± —P LQFUXVWHG ZLWK ¿QHO\ RFKUDFHRXV JUDQXODU pigments, hyphae in subpellis interwoven, hyaline 5–10 μm ZLWKLQÀDWHGHQGFHOOVXSWR—PZLGHStipitipellis a cutis RIWKLQSDUDOOHOK\SKDH±—PZLGHVXSHU¿FLDOK\SKDHDUH more or less covered with excrescences up to 13 μm long. At stipe apex scattered clusters of polymorphous caulocystidial KDLUOLNHVWUXFWXUHV±î±—PZLWKJUDQXODURLO\ OLJKW UHIUDFWLQJFRQWHQWRIWHQLQÀDWHGHQGFHOOVXSWR—PZLGH Clamp connections frequent in all tissues. Ecology and distribution: The species has been found in Italy and Sweden in the alpine zone, growing in nutrient rich habitats on calcareous ground among herbs and mosses, Salix reticulata, S. retusa, S. polaris and Dryas octopetala. Also, in the mid-boreal zone of Norway on grazed calcareous shallow soil by the sea. Our specimens were collected from PLG$XJXVW WR WKH ¿UVW SDUW RI 6HSWHPEHU %ODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,V *HQ%DQN DQG WKH 81,7( GDWDEDVH UHFRYHUHG no additional data, suggesting the species to be rare or RYHUORRNHG Typus: Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Forcella Giau, Colle S. Lucia, 1ƒ¶´(ƒ¶´PDVOLQWKHDOSLQH]RQHGRORPLWLF area, among Salix retusa, Salix reticulata and Dryas octopetala, 21 Aug. 2017, E. Campo & M.C. Magnozzi (holotype GB-0207704, isotype$0%,76/68VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  Additional materials examined: Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Colle S. Lucia, Forcella Giau, 2300 m a.s.l., dolomitic area among Dryas octopetala and Salix retusa, 22 Aug. 2015, E. Campo & M.C. Magnozzi (GB-0207705, ITS-LSU sequence *HQ%DQN 39  LELG )RUFHOOD *LDX DOSLQH DUHD RQ calcareous soil among Salix retusa, Salix reticulata and Dryas octopetala, 21 Aug. 2017, E. Campo & M.C. Magnozzi *% ,76/68 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 39  Norway 1RUGODQG )DXVNH RQ JUD]HG FDOFDUHRXV VKDOORZ VRLO RQ VKRUH URFNE\ WKH VHD LQPLGERUHDO ]RQH 6HS 2022, J.B. Jordal & K. Svingen, JBJ22-033 (OF-77092, ITS VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 39  Sweden /XOH ODSSPDUN -RNNPRNN 3DGMHODQWD 13 6RUMRVMDXUH LQ DOSLQH PHDGRZ on calcareous ground with Salix reticulata, 17 Aug. 2016, E. Larsson, EL202-16 (GB-0207706; ITS-LSU sequence *HQ%DQN 39  Collections studied for comparison: Cuphophyllus colemannianus. Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Pordenone, Arba, 210 m a.s.l., in a stable lawn among grass, 5 Dec. 2009, G. Zecchin 0&9(   9DMRQW Maniago in meadow among grass, 9 Nov. 2013, E. Campo (TUR-A199695).Sweden, Gotland, Gothem, Svalings, grazed forest meadow, 9 Oct. 2021, E. Larsson, 201-21 (ITS-LSU VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 39  Cuphophyllus cinerellus. Norway 7URPV 6WRUIMRUG DUFWLF WXQGUD RQ VLOLFHRXV VRLO among Salix herbacea, Empetrum nigrum, Arctostaphylos alpinus and Betula nana, 21 Aug. 2014, E. Campo (AMB 21059). Sweden/XOHODSSPDUN-RNNPRNN3DGMHODQWD13 $UUDQRDMYYHDOSLQHWXQGUDDPRQJOLFKHQVEmpetrum nigrum and Betula nana, 11 Aug. 2016, E. Larsson (epitype GB- ,76/68VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN0.  Notes: Cuphophyllus dolomiticus belongs in a complex of closely related and morphologically similar species that in Europe mainly are restricted to seminatural grasslands, meadows and wooded meadows (Arnolds 1990, Boertmann 2010). Cuphophyllus dolomiticus is similar and genetically most closely related to C. colemannianus but differs and can be discriminated by the small basidiomata, a pileus without XPERDQGGDUNEURZQFKRFRODWHFRORXUVDQG ODPHOODH WKDW are greyish brown with a purple tone. The spores are on average somewhat smaller (in C. colemannianus 8–10 × Colour illustrations: Cuphophyllus dolomiticus habitat in the alpine zone in Val Cernera below Forcella Giau (photo E. Bizio). In situ basidiomata, photos of hymenium, basidiospores and caulocystidioid hairs of the holotype (GB-0207704). Scale bars: basidia and cheilocystidial hairs = 20 μm; spores = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 467 Cuphophyllus lacmus MK547067 Cuphophyllus flavipes MK547077 Epitype Cuphophyllus hygrocyboides MN430917 Cuphophyllus subviolaceus MN326457 Holotype Cuphophyllus colemannianus PV068278 Cuphophyllus dolomiticus PV069117 GB-0207703 Cuphophyllus colemannianus EU784297 Cuphophyllus flavipesoides MW714630 Holotype Cuphophyllus cinerellus MK573935 Epitype Cuphophyllus lamarum MK547062 Holotype Cuphophyllus hygrocyboides MK573937 Cuphophyllus dolomiticus PV069115 GB-0207705 Cuphophyllus dolomiticus PV069114 GB-0207706 Cuphophyllus dolomiticus PV069116 GB-0207704 Holotype Cuphophyllus esteriae MK547063 Holotype 30.0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10069 98 86 5.5–6.8 μm), the cheilocystidioid hairs are abundant and longer up to 46 μm (25 μm in C. colemannianus) and the lamellae trama hyphae are wider 5–18 (up to 10 μm in C. colemannianus). In addition, C. dolomiticus does not have a gelatinized pileipellis. There are records of C. colemannianus IURPWKHDOSLQH]RQHZLWKGDUNFRORXUVDQGVPDOOEDVLGLRPDWD WKDWDUHOLNHO\WREHFRQVSHFL¿FZLWKC. dolomiticus (Jamoni 2008). A species that occurs in the arctic-alpine zone and is similar in macro-morphology is C. cinerellus, but it is E. Larsson, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 463, SE40530 Göteborg, Sweden; e-mail: ellen.larsson@bioenv.gu.se E. Campo, via dei Gelsi, 8, 33077 Sacile (PN), Italy; e-mail: emanuelemyco@gmail.com Phylogram obtained using PAUP v. 4.0a (Swofford 2003) based on ITS and LSU data showing the position of C. dolomiticus among its closest relatives. Heuristic searches with 1000 random-addition sequence replicates and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping were performed. Relative robustness of clades was assessed by the bootstrap method using 1000 heuristic search replicates with 100 random taxon addition sequence replicates and TBR branch swapping. Bootstrap support values are indicated on branches. Cuphophyllus dolomiticus is PDUNHGLQboldDQGKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFNDQGWKHKRORW\SHLQGLFDWHG SULPDULO\NQRZQ IURPQRUWKHUQ)HQQRVFDQGLDDQG WKHUHDUH QRFRQ¿UPHGUHFRUGVIURPWKH$OSV,W LVJHQHWLFDOO\GLVWLQFW and differ in ecology by being restricted to nutrient poor Vaccinium – Empetrum lichen heath habitats (Kühner 1977, 9RLWNet al. 2020). Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH v1 (alignment and tree, drawing of micro-morphological characters). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025468 Cytospora braithwaitei Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 469 Fungal Planet 1828 MB 851184 Cytospora braithwaitei Vasey & Toome, sp. nov. Etymology 1DPHG LQ KRQRXU RI SODQW SDWKRORJLVW 0DUN Braithwaite, who isolated this fungus, for his contributions to New Zealand plant pathology and biosecurity. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Valsaceae, Diaporthales, Sodariomycetes. Conidiomata pycnidial, abundant and aggregated with pale yellow cirrhi in 10-d-old cultures. Conidiophores hyaline and unbranched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, polyphialidic, enteroblastic, smooth-walled, narrowing at the DSLFHV ±  ±  î ±  ±  ȝP Q  20). Conidia hyaline, aseptate, smooth, thin-walled, allantoid, HJXWWXODWH ±  ± î ±  ± ȝP Q   Culture characteristics: Colonies on potato dextrose agar 3'$  DW ƒ& LQFXEDWHG XQGHU EODFN OLJKW ZHUH URXQG RU irregular and 10–14 mm diam. after 3 d, becoming round and ±PPGLDPDIWHUGLQLWLDOO\ÀDWDQGZKLWHWXUQLQJSDOH ROLYHJUH\WRROLYHEODFNRQWKHVXUIDFHZLWKDJUH\LUUHJXODU PDUJLQ ROGHU FXOWXUHV ROLYHEODFN RQ UHYHUVH )ODW ZLWK D WKLFNWH[WXUHDWWKHFHQWUH6RPHDHULDOK\SKDHREVHUYHGEXW FXOWXUHODUJHO\YHOYHWRUIHOWOLNH Habit, habitat and distribution: Cytospora braithwaitei was LVRODWHG IURP DQ DSSOH WUHH EUDQFK H[KLELWLQJ WLS GLHEDFN DQG VWHP FDQNHU V\PSWRPV1R V\PSWRPVZHUH REVHUYHG on fruit. While internal wood discolouration was observed, the association between the fungus and the symptoms UHPDLQVXQNQRZQ1XPHURXVCytospora species have been associated with apple tree diseases (Hanifeh et al. 2022), many of which are opportunistic pathogens infecting mainly ROGRUZHDNHQHGWUHHV7KHSRWHQWLDOLPSDFWRIC. braithwaitei on the orchard in New Zealand was considered low and the JURZHU UHSRUWHG YHU\ ORZ VSUHDGRI WKH WLS GLHEDFNDPRQJ the trees. Typus: New Zealand, Christchurch, Belfast, Crawford Road, on branch of Malus domestica (Rosaceae), Nov. 2020, R. Wards (holotype PDD97343, culture ex-type ICMP 23884 = CBS 151301; ITS, LSU, act, rpb2, WHIĮ and tub2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN25 OR808087 OR814108, OR814112, OR814116 and OR814120). Notes: The variability of morphological characters of Cytospora DUH W\SLFDOO\ FRQVLGHUHG LQVXI¿FLHQW WR SURYLGH distinction between species (Lin et al. 2024). As a result, sequence analysis has been used to delineate this new species. Sequence analysis showed that this Cytospora isolate is most closely related to C. hoffmannii (syn. Valsa nivea, Leucostoma niveum, C. nivea, C. paratranslucens as per Lin et al. 2024). Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis using the combined ITS, rpb2 and act sequences showed that isolate ICMP 23884 is well supported as a new species closely related to C. mali-spectabilis and C. hoffmannii. The tub2 and tef1-Į sequences were not included in this multi- gene phylogeny as most type strains of Cytospora ODFN available sequences for these genes. Isolate ICMP 23884 is clearly distinct from C. mali-spectabilis and C. hoffmannii, showing low sequence similarity with these species across the DFWWHIĮand tub2 regions. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database (blasted 26 Mar. 2025), the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Valsa nivea >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV = 606/607 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], Cytospora hoffmannii >LVRODWH ;-$8B *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV  585/586 (99 %), no gaps], and Cytospora hoffmannii [isolate ;-$8B *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV   (100 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are to Leucostoma niveum >LVRODWH$5*HQ%DQN$) Identities = 1270/1271 (99 %) no gaps], Leucostoma niveum >VWUDLQ$5*HQ%DQN$),GHQWLWLHV  (99 %), no gaps], and Valsella salicis [strain AR3514, *HQ%DQN $) ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps]. Closest hits using the WHIĮ sequence are to Cytospora sp. >VWUDLQ &)&& *HQ%DQN 2. ,GHQWLWLHV  282/295 (96 %), no gaps], Cytospora sp. [strain CFCC55462, *HQ%DQN2.,GHQWLWLHV   QRJDSV@ and Valsa nivea >VWUDLQ&)&&*HQ%DQN.3 Identities = 279/296 (94 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the act sequence are to Cytospora translucens [strain &)&&  *HQ%DQN 25 ,GHQWLWLHV   (96 %), no gaps], Cytospora hoffmannii [strain XJAU_428-2, *HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV   RQHJDS (0 %)], and Valsella nivea >VWUDLQ1$*HQ%DQN.) Identities = 263/276 (95 %), one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence are to Cytospora sp. [strain N/A, *HQ%DQN34,GHQWLWLHV   QRJDSV@ Cytospora mali-spectabilis >VWUDLQ &)&&  *HQ%DQN MK673006.1; Identities = 717/726 (99 %), no gaps], and Cytospora paratranslucens >VWUDLQ VKG *HQ%DQN MW824362; Identities = 836/847 (99 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence are to Cytospora hoffmannii >VWUDLQ&;7$B*HQ%DQN21,GHQWLWLHV  (95 %), four gaps (1 %)], Cytospora hoffmannii [strain &;7$B *HQ%DQN 21 ,GHQWLWLHV   (95 %), four gaps (1 %)], and Cytospora hoffmannii [strain )*HQ%DQN39,GHQWLWLHV   IRXU gaps (1 %)]. Supplementary material: TreeBASE study ID 32100 (alignment DQG WUHH  )LJVKDUH 1R GRLP¿JVKDUH *HQ%DQN $FFHVVLRQ QXPEHUV IRU VHTXHQFHV XVHG LQ preparing alignment and tree). Colour illustrations: New Zealand, Christchurch, Malus domestica RUFKDUG SKRWR FUHGLW 5 :DUGV  %UDQFK ZLWK WLS GLHEDFN FRORQ\ on PDA agar (left = top, right = bottom); conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025470 -9DVH\ 07RRPH3ODQW+HDOWK (QYLURQPHQW/DERUDWRU\0LQLVWU\IRU3ULPDU\,QGXVWULHV$XFNODQG1HZ=HDODQG HPDLOMDFNYDVH\#PSLJRYWQ] PHUMHWRRPH#PSLJRYWQ] 0D[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG *75*, WUHHLOOXVWUDWLQJWKHSK\ORJHQHWLFSODFHPHQWRIWKHCytospora braithwaitei examined here (in bold). This tree is based on the alignment of concatenated ITS and LSU, act and rpb2VHTXHQFHV%UDQFKHVDUHODEHOOHGZLWKERRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHV• across 1000 bootstrapping replicates, and type specimens are denoted by a superscript “T”. Cytospora eucalypticola CBS 144237 was used as DQRXWJURXS7KLVWUHHZDVFRQVWUXFWHGXVLQJ5$[0/Y 6WDPDWDNLV DVSURYLGHGWKURXJK*HQHLRXV3ULPHY 91 90 99 99 100 82 85 96 79 98 100 82 94 98 0.03 Cytospora hoffmannii MFLUCC 16-0627 Cytospora hoffmannii MFLUCC 15-0506 Cytospora hoffmannii CBS 258.34 Cytospora hoffmannii CBS 118562 Cytospora hoffmannii CBS 259.34 Cytospora braithwaitei ICMP 23884 sp. nov. Cytospora mali-spectabilis CFCC 53181T Cytospora translucens CFCC 58256 Cytospora translucens CFCC 58255 Cytospora alba CFCC 55462T Cytospora alba CFCC 55463 Cytospora leucostoma CFCC 89641 Cytospora gigaspora CFCC 89634T Cytospora plurivora CBS 144239T Cytospora amygdali CBS 144233T Cytospora sorbi MFLUCC 16-0631T Cytospora sorbicola MFLUCC 16-0584T Cytospora olivacea CFCC 53176T Cytospora cincta CFCC 89956 Cytospora eucalypticola CBS 144237 Cytospora schulzeri MFLUCC 15-0507 Cytospora sophoriopsis CFCC 89600T Cytospora elaeagnicola CFCC 52882T Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 471 Entoloma lilacinum Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025472 Fungal Planet 1829 MB 858347 Entoloma lilacinum S. Hussain, sp. nov. Etymology: “lilacinum” is derived from the Latin word “lilacinus”, referring to the characteristic lilac-coloured or pale violet cap. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus small, 28–33 mm diam., convex to pulvinate or conico- convex, less concenoic, slightly umbonate at the centre and non hygrophanous. Pileal surface lilac to pale violet, fading with age, retaining colour at the centre, becoming greyish EURZQZKHQGU\ UDGLDOO\ ¿EULOORVH VTXDPXORVH VTXDPXOHV EHLQJ VPDOOHU QHDU WR WKHPDUJLQ GHQVHDQGGDUN WRZDUGV the centre and prominently striated. Margin LQYROXWH ¿UVW then become smooth and entire. Context concolourous with lamellar surface. Lamellae emarginate, close, unequal, 0.5–1.3 mm interlamellar space, 2–3 mm wide and thin up to 0.3 mm, plane, pale to cream; edge eroded or rough, fertile; L 40–50, l 40–50; lamellulae, short and marginal. Stipe 50–68 × 4–6 mm, swollen, white at the base, cylindrical, ¿VWXORVH ¿EULOORVHVWULDWH OLJKW OLODF EHFRPLQJ ZKLWLVK ZLWK DJHEHFRPLQJ¿VVXUHGDWWKHEDVHOdour and taste none. Pileipellis cutis to a trichoderm consisting of subparallel, WKLQZDOOHG ¿ODPHQWRXV WR F\OLQGULFDO K\DOLQH VHSWDWH K\SKDH ± DYJ   ȝPZLGH LQÀDWHGK\SKDHZLWK VXEF\OLQGULFDOWRFODYDWHWHUPLQDOHOHPHQWV¿OOHGZLWKJUH\LVK to greyish brown pigment, measuring (69–)71–89.1–96(– 98) × (9.6–)11–14.2–17.4(–18.9) μm; intracellular greyish pigment observed in pileipellis. Stipitipellis cutis of cylindrical, K\DOLQH VHSWDWH K\SKDH ± DYJ   ȝP ZLGH Hymenophoral tramal hyphae regular, cylindrical, thin- ZDOOHG K\DOLQH VHSWDWH ± DYJ   ȝPZLGH$OO WLVVXHV ODFN FODPSV Basidiospores (8.0–)8.3–11.7–14.2(– 14.5) × (6.6–)6.7–8.1± ±  ȝP 4  ±1.41–1.37, 5–6-angled in side view, with blunt angles, subisodiamatrical to shortly heterodiametrical, hyaline. Basidia short, (18.9– )19.7–26.6–36.5(–37.1) × (10.2–)10.7–12.7± ± ȝP broadly clavate, bisporic, short sterigma, hyaline, clampless with basal septum. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia (18.2–)20.3–30.2–38.3(–39.7) × (5.1–)5.3–7.5± ± ȝP rare, hyphoid to subclavate and septate (n = 55/2). Typus: Pakistan .K\EHU 3DNKWXQNKZD GLVWULFW 6ZDW 6N\ODQG 1ƒ¶´ (ƒ¶´ P DVO WHUUHVWULDO JURZ RQ OLWWHU LQ conifer forest dominated by Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana (Pinaceae), Aug. 2020, S. Hussain, MUBS78A (holotype 6:$7 ,76 DQG /68 VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN 39 DQG PV257719). Additional material examined: Pakistan, Khyber 3DNKWXQNKZDGLVWULFW6ZDW0DQDL1ƒ¶´(ƒ¶´ 2090 m a.s.l., terrestrial grow in conifer forest dominated by P. wallichiana, Aug. 2020, S. Hussain, MUBS78B 6:$7,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  Notes: Entoloma lilacinum represents an independent lineage (ML 100 %, 1.00 BP) nested within Entoloma subgenus Cyanula, subsection Griseocyaneum (Noordeloos et al. 2022). Phylogenetically, E. lilacinum constitutes a sister clade to E. viiduense and E. griseocyaneum. However, it differs from E. viiduense and E. griseocyaneum by its distinctive pileal surface coloration, which is lilac or pale violet, in contrast to the blue grey to violaceous blue or brown pileus of E. viiduense and the brown to cream pileus of E. griseocyaneum. Additionally, E. lilacinum is distinguished by its broadly clavate, short, bisporic basidia (19.7–36.5 × 10.7– ȝP DQGHPDUJLQDWHGODPHOODUDWWDFKPHQW7KHVSHFLHV also differs from E. viiduense, which possesses 5–7-angled spores whereas E. lilacinum has predominantly 5–6-angled spores (Noordeloos 1992, Noordeloos & Liiv 1992). Among other species in subsection Griseocyaneum, E. lilacinum is differentiated by its relatively large spores (8.3–14.2 × 6.7– ȝP FRPSDUHGWRE. phaeomarginatum (8.5–11 × 6–7.5 ȝP DQGE. praecipuum ±î±ȝP )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVH VSHFLHV H[KLELW UDQJH RI FRORXU IURP EURZQ WR GDUN EURZQ FDS XQOLNH OLODF RU SDOH YLROHW LQE. lilacinum +RUDN 2008, Noordeloos et al. 2022). Morphologically, E. lilacinum is characterized by a convex to pulvinate, slightly umbonate pileus with a unique lilac or pale violet surface colour, emarginated lamellae, an entire margin, broadly clavate short bisporic basidia, and the presence of cheilocystidia. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had the highest similarity to E. griseocyaneum [strain .DL5*HQ%DQN0=,GHQWLWLHV    16 gaps (2 %)], E. viiduense >VWUDLQ DR *HQ%DQN PP277412; Identities = 604/660 (92 %), 25 gaps (3 %)], and E. glaucobasis >VWUDLQ )$  *HQ%DQN 25 Identities = 558/653 (85 %), 30 gaps (4 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence had the highest similarity to E. viiduense >VWUDLQ 0$ *HQ%DQN 34 ,GHQWLWLHV  874/888 (98 %), three gaps (0 %)], E. griseocyaneum [strain **HQ%DQN0. ,GHQWLWLHV     four gaps (0 %)], and EntolomaVS>VWUDLQ&0(*HQ%DQN 0=,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV  @ Supplementary materials:GRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment and table). Colour illustrations:+RORW\SHFROOHFWLRQORFDOLW\6ZDW.33DNLVWDQ Close up view cap surface; close up view lamellar surface; microscope illustrations of hyphae from stipitipellis; hyphae from peleipillis; hyphae from the pileus trama; basidiospores; basidia; basidioles; cheilocystidia. Scale bars: sporocarps = 10 mm; all other VWUXFWXUHV ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 473 6+XVVDLQ&HQWUHIRU3ODQW6FLHQFHVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI6ZDW&KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ e-mail: shahid_sattar84@yahoo.com :$KPDG&HQWUHIRU3ODQW6FLHQFHVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI6ZDW&KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ e-mail: waqasahmad328@yahoo.com 6%LEL&HQWUHIRU3ODQW6FLHQFHVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI6ZDW&KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ e-mail: sheemabibi233@gmail.com 0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG 0/ WUHHEDVHGXSRQFRQFDWHQDWHG,76/68VHTXHQFHVRIEntoloma species depicting phylogenetic relationships. The analysis was carried out using the IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 tool (Nguyen et al. 2015) and a Bayesian analysis using MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Node support values (ML bootstrap / BI posterior probability) are indicated at the nodes. The novel species from this study is shown in bold and blue font. 0.04 Entoloma lilacinum sp. nov. MUBS-78A Entoloma subcaesiocinctum HMJAU60872 Entoloma viiduense MA-25 Entoloma phaeomarginatum ME Noordeloos 2004127 Entoloma viiduense ao-040 Entoloma griseocyaneum LE254351 Entoloma sublaevisporum MEN:9858 Entoloma mougeotii GNZ190 Entoloma mastoideum D322 Entoloma mougeotii LE254352 Entoloma lilacinum sp. nov. MUBS-78B Entoloma subcaesiocinctum SAAS 133 Entoloma caespitosum GDGM 27564 Entoloma praegracile MHHNU 8273 Entoloma griseocyaneum KaiR997 Entoloma chalybeum NA030920C Entoloma cyanostipitum HMJAU60933 Clitopilus hirneolus ERD-9629 Entoloma praecipuum O:F-76643 Entoloma praegracile GDGM 29251 Entoloma incanum LE311794 Entoloma glaucobasis Roth_16-6-95 Entoloma caespitosum D432 Entoloma avellaneosquamosum iNat66898667 Entoloma praecipuum O:F-76643 Entoloma azureosquamulosum GDGM 27355 Entoloma viiduense FA 4247 Entoloma subtenuicystidiatum GDGM 29246 Entoloma chalybaeum LE254353 Entoloma phaeomarginatum ME Noordeloos 2004155 Entoloma incanum HKAS 54614 Entoloma glaucobasis FA 4320 Clitopilus hirneolus MEN 199956 Entoloma sublaevisporum LIP JVG 1070823T Entoloma cyanostipitum GDGM 31318 Entoloma mastoideum GDGM 26597 Entoloma azureosquamulosum GDGM29254 Entoloma subtenuicystidiatum GDGM 28459 100/1 100/1 100/1 -/0.90 96/1 77/- 100/1 81/- 99/0.97 100/1 100/1 95/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 78/0.90 100/1 100/1 100/1 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025474 Entoloma daegae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 475 Fungal Planet 1830 MB 858831 Entoloma daegae Rodrigues, Vila-Viçosa & Fachada, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after João da Ega, iconic character from the novel Os Maias by Eça de Queirós. Known for his sharp wit and unorthodox ideas; originating from the type locality. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata collybioid, in small groups. Pileus 7–30 mm, ¿UVW KHPLVSKHULFDO ODWHU EHFRPLQJ FRQLFDOKHPLVSKHULFDO WR ¿QDOO\SODQRFRQYH[VWUDLJKWPDUJLQUHPDLQLQJLQFXUYHGXQWLO late stages, poorly hygrophanous or translucently striate, coarsely tomentose to subsquamulose especially in the FHQWUHYHU\GDUNSXUSOLVKEURZQWRQHDUO\EODFNZKHQ\RXQJ and remaining so at the centre (7.5P 1/2, N1; Munsell 1919), fading to greyish brown (7.5P 6/2, 2.5R 3/2; Munsell 1919) near the striating margin in maturation. Lamellae moderately crowded (L = 30–40; l = 1–3), initially completely light greyish blue (2.5PB 5/4; Munsell 1919) sometimes remaining so QHDUWKHFHQWUHDQGPDUJLQHGJHVWHULOH¿QHO\VHUUXODWHRU ¿PEULDWHDQGSLJPHQWHGGDUNJUH\LVKSXUSOH 30XQVHOO 1919). Stipe 30–80 × 1–3 mm, cylindrical, straight, polished, RQO\ ¿QHO\ SUXLQRVH DW YHU\ DSH[ ZLWK ZKLWH P\FHOLXP DW the base, light greyish brown with a purple hue (5RP 4/2, 2.5P 2/2; Munsell 1919). Context concolourous. Smell and taste indistinctive. Basidiospores (7.7–)8.4–9.5–10.6(–11.3) × (6.4–)7.1–7.7–8.5(–9.0) ȝm, Q = (1.0–)1.12–1.2–1.35(– 1.55) (n = 125; N = 2), subisodiametric, with 4–6 blunt angles. Basidia 25–34 × 8–10 ȝm, Q = 2.4–4.1 (n = 20; N = 2), clavate, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia (28–)32–47–70(– 105) × 7–9± ȝP 4  ± ±3.9–5.0(–5.3) (n = 20; N = 2), mostly of the poliopus-type, short and clavate, but sometimes in bundles of longer (uni- or di-) septate elements, resembling the carneogriseum-type, often with bluish brown intracellular pigment, rich in brilliant granules. Pileipellis a cutis transitioning to a trichoderm, especially at the centre, ZLWKVKRUWFODYDWH WHUPLQDOFHOOV±î±ȝPULFK LQ brown intracellular pigment and brilliant granules. Lamellar trama VXEUHJXODU PDGH RI K\DOLQH FHOOV ± ȝP WKLFN Clamp connections absent. Habitat and distribution: Known from Portugal’s moist HXWURSKLFDQGVDQG\VRLOVGHULYHGIURPJUDQLWLFEHGURFNZLWK Plantago radicata, Fragaria vesca, Pullicaria vulgaris, and Echium rosulatum. The area is characterized by temperate GHFLGXRXVRDNIRUHVWVZKHUHQ. orocantabrica transitions into thermophilic Q. suber formations. Additional ITS sequences were traced from Italy’s volcanic landscapes with a vicariant ecotone, where Q. robur, Q. pubescens, Castanea sativa, and Q. cerris transition to evergreen Q. ilex formations. Typus: Portugal, Celorico de Basto, WGS84: 41.427277, -7.967224, 225 m a.s.l., on sandy, granitic soil, grass, near Quercus suber and Fragaria vesca, 27 Oct. 2023, H. Rodrigues, HR271023EC1 (holotype32),76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  Additional material examined: Portugal, Celorico de Basto, WGS84: 41.433217, -7.968242, 246 m a.s.l., in similar habitat as type, other Quercus spp. in the area, 4 Nov. 2023, H. Rodrigues, HR041123EC2, PO-F3075, ITS sequence *HQ%DQN39 Notes: Our ITS analysis shows that E. daegae has strong support (ufb = .97) within section Poliopodes (Noordeloos et al. 2022), having several E. calceus sequences with the KLJKHVW VLPLODULW\ ±  ZKHQ EODVWLQJ LQ*HQ%DQN ,W LVOLNHO\PRUHFORVHO\UHODWHGWRE. riparium and E. poliopus, although the relatively low ITS support for this node    OHDYHV WKLV SUHFLVH UHODWLRQVKLS \HW WR EH GH¿QHG 1HYHUWKHOHVV RXU VHTXHQFHV GLG QRW PDWFK DQ\ NQRZQ VSHFLHVH[FHSWIRUDPLVLGHQWL¿HGVSHFLPHQRIE. dislocatum (type sequence included in dendrogram). Below we discuss numerous species in section Poliopodes (and in subgenus Cyanula  ZLWK EODFNLVK EOXH EDVLGLRPDWD ZKLFK FDQ EH confused with E. daegae, some of which having unsequenced types (Noordeloos et al. 2022). Fortunately, not only in the ITS sequence, but E. daegae stands alone in morphology DVZHOO7KH VWULNLQJEOXLVK ODPHOODHZLWKD ¿QHO\ ¿PEULDWH DQG GDUN SLJPHQWHG HGJH VHSDUDWHV LW IURP VSHFLHV ZLWK white gills or with an entire and concolourous gill edge, such as E. corvinum, E. perchalybeum, E. coracis, E. cyanulum, E. dislocatum, E. nigroviolaceum and E. chalybascens. The small, poorly angled and subisodiametric spores are ultimately what set E. daegae apart more distinctly, as such an uncommon characteristic in this group of Cyanula, DXWRPDWLFDOO\GLVFDUGVVSHFLHV OLNHE. calceus, E. riparium, E. pseudocyanulum, E. meridionale, E. azureopallidum, E. poliopus itself and the also blue-gilled E. chalybaeum. Finally, despite occasionally having subisodiametric spores and serrulate lamellae edge, the distantly related E. serrulatum, FDQ EH UHDGLO\ GLVWLQJXLVKHG E\ LWV ¿EULOORVH VWLSH VXUIDFH (Noordeloos et al. 2022). Supplementary material: TreeBASE study ID S32070 (alignment and trees). Colour illustrations: Ruderal grassy habitat with shrub cultivars and Quercus spp., Celorico de Basto, Portugal. From top left to bottom right: Holotype representative collection; hymenophore; lamellae edge; cheilocystidia; pileus surface; basidiospores; basidiomata in natural habitat. Scale bar = 10 μm. [photo credits H. Rodrigues EDFNJURXQGDQGPDFUR 9)DFKDGD +5RGULJXHV PLFURJUDSKV @ Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025476 0D[LPXP OLNHOLKRRG SK\ORJHQHWLF WUHH VKRZLQJ WKH ,76 UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQE. daegae (highlighted brown) and its neighbouring species, particularly within section Poliopodes (highlighted beige). The outgroup was set with Entoloma serrulatum. Node values represent ultrafast bootstrap (ufb) above .60, obtained with IQ-TREE v. 2.2.2.6 (Minh et al. 2020) by generating 2 runs of 10000 samples, using the TPM2u+F+G4 PRGHO1DPHVLQEROGUHSUHVHQWW\SHVSHFLPHQVDVWHULVNVPDUNVHTXHQFHVSURGXFHGLQWKLVVWXG\ V. Fachada, Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK; HPDLOYIDFKDGD#NHZRUJ H. Rodrigues, Fungos de Portugal, Fafe, Portugal; e-mail: helder_rodrigues7@msn.com C. Vila-Viçosa, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; e-mail: cvv@cibio.up.pt 0.03  O-F-256850 MW934251  NA030920C MW727235     L0607565 NR_182486    TUF120259 UDB024650  VF051221ES2 PV283220*   sp. TUF137354 UDB07674348   LIP0402265 ON008492   O-F-259457 NR_182489    F3236 PQ639022   sp. PDD112925 MW775254   sp. HAY-F-005750 PP594837   L0607563 NR_177632   ACAMGRC2018-0153 NR_182477   sp. PDD87285 MW775267  TUF137787 UDB07675400    TUF120259 UDB02465    GB0209474 NR_182490   TUR190180 ON008495   PO-F3075 PV283221*   sp. TUF137782 UDB07675395  F-3114 PQ652972   PO-F3074 PV283222*                FA4261 OR419868    CNF1-2117 OL679702 Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 477 Erythrobasidium eucalypti Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025478 Fungal Planet 1831 MB 857683 Erythrobasidium eucalypti R. Knop., Hammerb., M. Groenew., & T. Bose, sp. nov. Etymology: A single isolate of this fungus was recovered from the gut of Gonipterus sp. n. 2, feeding on Eucalyptus leaves. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Erythrobasidiaceae, Erythrobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes. Thallus unicellular, aseptate; cell surface smooth; cell wall WKLFNHULQQRQEXGGLQJFHOOVPHDVXULQJ±—PZKLOHWKLQLQ actively budding cells measuring 0.1–0.3 μm; cells globose to RYDWHPHDVXULQJ ± ±  î ± ±  ȝP 1–4 nucleate; hyphae or pseudohyphae absent; buds apical, off-axis, globose to ellipsoid in shape, 1.43–2.09(–2.34) î ± ±  ȝP Sexual morph was not observed DIWHUPRDWƒ&RQ9MXLFH 9 DJDU\HDVWH[WUDFWPDOW extract (YM) agar, 5 % Difco malt and yeast carbon base supplemented with 0.01 % ammonium sulphate (YCBAS) agars. Culture characteristics: On potato dextrose agar (PDA), 2 % malt extract agar (MEA), and yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPD) colony coral in colour (top and reverse; Rayner 1970). &RORQ\FLUFXODUPDUJLQHQWLUHHOHYDWLRQFRQYH[$IWHUZN DWƒ&'JOXFRVHLVQRWIHUPHQWHGDQGFDUERQFRPSRXQGV assimilated are L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-galactose, 'JOXFRQDWH SRWDVVLXPNHWR'JOXFRQDWH 'JOXFRVH glucoseamine, D-glucuronate, glycerol, lactic acid, maltose, 'PDQQLWROPHOH]LWRVHPHWK\OĮ'JOXFRS\UDQRVLGH ZHDN  /UKDPQRVH ZHDN 'ULERVH ZHDN 'VRUELWRO/VRUERVH VXFURVHĮĮWUHKDORVHDQG'[\ORVHZKLOHJURZWKLVDEVHQWLQ erythritol, N-acetyl glucoseamine, inositol, lactose, melibiose, UDI¿QRVH1RJURZWKZDVREVHUYHGIRUJURZWKLQWKHQLWURJHQ compounds cadaverine, ethylamine, D-Glucosamine HCL, L-Lysine, nitrate, nitrate and tryptophane. Growth in peptone is positive, but it does not grow in the presence of 0.01 % F\FORKH[LPLGH*URZWKRFFXUUHGDWƒ&XS WRƒ&DQG LV absent at 33 °C. Typus: South Africa, Gauteng Province, Pretoria, Blue Gum Valley 6KRRWLQJ 5DQJH 6ƒ¶¶¶ (ƒ¶¶¶ LVRODWHG IURP the gut of Gonipterus sp. n. 2 (eucalyptus snout beetle), Jan. 2024, R. Knoppersen (holotype CBS 19176 preserved in a metabolically inactive state in lyophilised form, culture ex-type CBS 19176; ITS, /68 DQG 668 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 DQG PV133525). Notes: In the BLAST pairwise sequence similarity analysis, E. eucalypti differs from its closest relatives, E. hasegawianum *HQ%DQN (8  DQG E. yunnanense *HQ%DQN JF758860), by 2 nt (no gaps) and 2 nt (1 gap), respectively, in the ITS region (541 nt). In the LSU region (979 nt), E. eucalypti differs from E. hasegawianum *HQ%DQN DQ663696) and E. proteacearum *HQ%DQN 2. OK393709, NG_079572) by 2 nt (no gaps), 4 nt (no gaps), 9 nt (no gaps), and 7 nt (no gaps), respectively. In the SSU region (1024 nt), E. eucalypti differs from E. hasegawianum *HQ%DQN '4 '  DQG E. yunnanense *HQ%DQN 1*B  E\  JDS  QW  JDSV  DQG WZR gaps, respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis using a concatenated dataset (ITS, LSU, SSU), E. eucalypti emerged as a sister to a clade containing E. hasegawianum, E. turpiniae, E. primogenitum, E. proteacearum, and E. yunnanense, with maximum branch support. Similarly, in the ITS tree, E. eucalypti was sister to the same clade, with 94 % bootstrap support. In the LSU tree, E. eucalypti and E. turpiniae formed a monophyletic clade with a low branch support value. In the SSU tree, E. eucalypti formed a monophyletic clade with E. yunnanense with 76 % bootstrap support (data for single gene trees not shown). When comparing the physiological tests of E. hasegawianum and E. yunnanense (Lu et al. 2024) with our isolate, E. eucalypti tested positive for D-glucuronate and ZHDNO\SRVLWLYHIRU/UKDPQRVHDQG'ULERVH,QFRQWUDVWE. hasegawianum was positive for D-glucuronate and D-ribose but was negative for L-rhamnose, whereas E. yunnanense showed no positive response for any of the three carbon substrates. For nitrogen assimilation, E. eucalypti tested negative for all substrates except for peptone. Erythrobasidium hasegawianum was positive for nitrate, nitrite, ethylamine, and L-lysine, while E. yunnanense was positive for nitrate and nitrite. Erythrobasidium eucalypti was isolated from the gut of Gonipterus sp. n. 2. However, we believe this yeast species LVQRWDQDWLYHUHVLGHQWRIWKHEHHWOH¶VJXW,QVWHDGLWLVOLNHO\ D SK\OORVSKHUHLQKDELWLQJ \HDVW OLNH RWKHUErythrobasidium species (Lu et al. 2024), that entered the beetle’s gut while feeding on Eucalyptus leaves. Supplementary material: doi: 10.17632/yrvh385zsb.1 (alignment and tree). Colour illustrations: Gonipterus sp. n. 2 on Eucalyptus leaves. 15-d-old colonies of Erythrobasidium eucalypti on PDA; unicellular thalli of E. eucalypti; various budding cells. Scale bars = 5 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 479 0.006 Bannoa pseudofoliicola T OM014200/OM014198/OP221018 Erythrobasidium leptospermi T NR_175759/NG_079571/ - Erythrobasidium hasegawianum T NR_111008/AF131058/D12803 Erythrobasidium turpiniae T OM014199/OM014196/OP218271 Erythrobasidium primogenitum T NR_18261/OP598058/ - Bannoa guamensis T MK287350/MK255006/MK254996 Erythrobasidium elongatum T NR_073306/NG_059254/NG_063449 Erythrobasidium nanyangense T MW362360/MW362359/OP218268 Erythrobasidium eucalypti T PV133514/PV133516/PV133525 Erythrobasidium yunnanense T NR_155098/NG_059190/NG_063520 Erythrobasidium proteacearum T NR_175760/NG_079572/ - 8 4/.99 100/1 100/1 100/1 7KHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ WUHHRIIXQJDOVSHFLHVIURPWKHJHQXVErythrobasidium for which ITS, LSU and/or SSU sequences were available. The tree was constructed with IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Minh et al. 2020) using the concatenated dataset (ITS, LSU, SSU) with 1000 bootstrap UHSOLFDWHV%D\HVLDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHGDWDVHWZDVGRQHXVLQJ0U%D\HVYD +XHOVHQEHFN 5RQTXLVW Bannoa pseudofoliicola and B. guamensis served as the outgroup taxa. Branch labels indicate ML bootstrap support values / Bayesian posterior probabilities. Only bootstrap VXSSRUWYDOXHV•DQGSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLW\•DUHVKRZQ7KHLVRODWHUHFRYHUHGLQWKLVVWXG\LVLQEURZQIRQW*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQ QXPEHUVDUHOLVWHGDVVXI¿[HVDIWHUHDFKWD[RQ ,76/68668 7 H[W\SHVHTXHQFH7KHDOLJQPHQWDQGWUHHZHUHGHSRVLWHGLQ0HQGHOH\'DWD (doi: 10.17632/yrvh385zsb.1) R. Knoppersen, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of 3UHWRULD3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFDHPDLO5RVD.QRSSHUVHQ#IDELXSDF]D Hammerbacher, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFDHPDLO$OPXWK+DPPHUEDFKHU#IDELXSDF]D T. Bose, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of 3UHWRULD3ULYDWH%DJ;+DW¿HOG3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFDHPDLO7DQD\%RVH#IDELXSDF]D 0*URHQHZDOG:HVWHUGLMN)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV HPDLOPJURHQHZDOG#ZLNQDZQO Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025480 Helicogermslita australiensis Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 481 Fungal Planet 1832 MB 857763 Helicogermslita australiensis B. Raphael, M.J. Lynch, E.J. Whiteside & Dearnaley, sp. nov. Etymology: Named “australiensis´DVLWLVWKH¿UVWVSHFLHVRIWKH genus to be discovered in Australia. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Xylariaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes. AscomataVROLWDU\±PPGLDPEURZQWREODFNZLWKZKLWH mycelial sheath; wall of 3–6 layers of pale brown textura DQJXODULV VXSHU¿FLDO RQ VXEVWUDWH VXUIDFH Paraphyses LQWHUPLQJOHG DPRQJ DVFL K\SKDHOLNH K\DOLQH VPRRWK VHSWDWH ± ±± ±  ȝP diam. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, apically, rounded, (147.2–)152.9–168.0(–170.2) × (12.5–)14.5–16.1(–17.5) μm, with amyloid reaction of apical ring to Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate, hyaline when immature, EURZQWRGDUNEURZQZKHQPDWXUHVSLUDOJHUPVOLWH[WHQGLQJ over the full length, (20.8–)21.5–24.3(–26.5) × (8.7–)9.3– 10.5(–11.2) μm. Conidiomata solitary, 1–4 mm diam., brown WR EODFN ZLWK ZKLWH P\FHOLDO VKHDWK ZDOO RI ± OD\HUV RI white to pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining inner cavity, hyaline, rough, subcylindrical with slight apical WDSHU ± ± ±  î ± ± ±  ȝP Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, terminal, (6.2–)6.4–8.2(–10.06) × (2.24–)2.4–3.4(–3.8) ȝP SKLDOLGLF Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, obovate to IXVLIRUP ± ± ± î ± ± ± ȝP Culture characteristics: &RORQLHVÀDWVSUHDGLQJZLWKVSDUVH to moderate aerial mycelium and folded surface, reaching 80 PPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&LQWKHGDUN2QSRWDWRGH[WURVH agar (PDA), both surface and reverse are white. Typus: Australia4XHHQVODQG'LONXVKD1DWXUH5HIXJHƒ¶¶¶6 ƒ¶¶¶(  P DVO LVRODWHG DV DQ HQGRSK\WH IURP KHDOWK\ leaves of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (Arecaceae), 6 Dec. 2022, B. Raphael, BR002 (holotype stroma lodged in herbarium BRI AQ1052678, culture ex-type BRI AQ1052678 = AC1.4.1; ITS and /68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: Helicogermslita australiensis was collected as an endophyte from foliage of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana. The genus Helicogermslita, was introduced to accommodate species belonging to the Xylariaceae that produced DVFRVSRUHV ZLWK VSLUDO JHUP VOLWV +DZNVZRUWK  /RGKD  7KHJHQXVZDVW\SL¿HGZLWKH. celastri (Kale & Kale 1971). Helicogermslita australiensis differs from H. celastri by having larger ascospores with 1–2 coils as opposed to 2–4. Phylogenetically, H. australiensis is also separate from H. clypeata, H. gisbornia, and another un-named Helicogermslita species. Molecular data do not exist for the other species of Helicogermslita. Helicogermslita australiensis is also morphologically different from H. clypeata, as the ascomata of H. clypeata are immersed in the substrate. The ascospores of H. australiensis are also smaller than those of H. gisbornia. %DVHGRQDPHJDEODVWVHDUFKRI1&%,¶V*HQ%DQNQXFOHRWLGH database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Xylaria sp. YG-2022a (strain KUNCC *HQ%DQN23 ,GHQWLWLHV   QR gaps), Xylaria VS >VWUDLQ $77 *HQ%DQN +4 ,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YH JDSV   @ DQGXylariales sp. >VWUDLQ 78 *HQ%DQN +( ,GHQWLWLHV   one gap (0 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Helicogermslita sp. YG-2024a >VWUDLQ &&6* *HQ%DQN PQ036918.1; Identities = 614/619, no gaps (0 %)], Xylaria curta >VWUDLQ  *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV = 614/632, two gaps (0 %)], and Helicogermslita clypeata >VWUDLQ0)/8*HQ%DQN1*B,GHQWLWLHV  613/631, two gaps (0 %)]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment). Colour illustrations: Archontophoenix cunninghamiana growing at 'LONXVKD 1DWXUH 5HIXJH 0DOHQ\ 4XHHQVODQG $XVWUDOLD &RORQ\ of Helicogermslita australiensis growing on PDA; stroma of H. australiensis growing from sterilised grapevine twigs on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidia; ascospores; ascus containing 8 ascospores. Scale bars: colony = 1 cm, stroma = 100 μm, and all others = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025482 Helicogermslita clypeata MFLU 18-0852 NR_175685.1 Helicogermslita clypeata MFLU 18-0852 MW240666.1 Helicogermslita clypeata HKAS 102321 MW240667.1 Helicogermslita sp. SK-2024a GMB5636 PQ884666.1 Helicogermslita sp. SK-2024a GMB5625 PQ884665.1 Helicogermslita australiensis sp. nov. BRI AQ1052678 PV070662.1 Helicogermslita gisbornia PDD 119600 PP965771.1 Xylaria subtropicalis strain 8154 MG013556.1 100 95 95 100 0.050 0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG WUHHSURGXFHG IURPDQDQDO\VLVRIQU'1$ ,76VHTXHQFHV IURPH. australiensis and related Helicogermslita species in *HQ%DQN3K\ORJHQHWLFDQDO\VLVZDVFRQGXFWHGLQ0(*$Y 7DPXUDet al. 2021) using a ClustalW alignment, Kimura 2 parameters, Gamma distribution with invariant sites and 1000 bootstrap re-samplings were used to build the tree. Bootstrap support values less than 70 % are not shown, and Xylaria subtropicalis (Xylariaceae) was used as an outgroup to root the tree. The taxon described here is bold and in red font. Other type species in the tree are boldLQEODFNIRQW6SHFLHVDUHDOVRODEHOOHGZLWKWKHDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVIRUWKHVHTXHQFHVXVHGLQWKHWUHH B. Raphael, M.J. Lynch & J.D.W. Dearnaley, School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, West 6WUHHW7RRZRRPED$XVWUDOLDHPDLO%URRNH5DSKDHO#XQLVTHGXDX0DUN/\QFK#XQLVTHGXDX -RKQ'HDUQDOH\#XQLVTHGXDX E.J. Whiteside, School of Health and Medical Sciences and Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350, Toowoomba, Australia; e-mail: Eliza.Whiteside@unisq.edu.au Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 483 Hygrocybe vulcanica Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025484 Fungal Planet 1833 MB 857855 Hygrocybe vulcanica A. Mateos, De la Peña-Lastra & Illescas, sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet refers to the volcanic origin of the collection site. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus ± PP ZLGH DW ¿UVW KHPLVSKHULFDO WKHQ ZLWK DJH IURP FDPSDQXODWH WR VSUHDGLQJ VRPHWLPHV ÀDWWHQHG in the centre, at times slightly mammillate or with infract edge, surface smooth, dry, matt, somewhat hygrophanous and a little overgrown, opaque, only edge of margin slightly translucent, margin striated by transparency on one third of radius; sulphur yellow in general (Ség. 243, 244; Séguy  ZLWKSLQNLVKRUDQJHRUÀHVK\DUHDV 6pJ  in the centre or irregularly on the margin, with greyish JUHHQLVK¿EULOORVHWUDFHVRQWKHPDUJLQLamellae distant to moderately spaced, L = 20–22, sinuous, serrate, adnate, with abundant short and long lamellulae [l = 1–3(–5)], ventricose, whitish, whitish yellowish or usually sulphur yellow, with concolourous edge. Stipe 32–50 × 3–5 mm, slender, central, cylindrical, subequal, terete, straight to recurved, smooth, GU\ GXOO ¿VWXORXV \HOORZ 6pJ   \HOORZ RUDQJH 6pJ 226) or sometimes more or less intense orange (Ség. 211). Context exiguous, concolourous to surface, odour and taste indistinct. Basidiospores (4.9–)5.8–7.0–8.1(–9.0) × (3.7–)4.2–4.9–5.6(–6.1) μm; Q = (1.0–)1.3–1.4–1.6(–1.9); n = 100; Ve = 89 μm3, oblong, subspherical, ellipsoidal or broadly ellipsoidal, ovoid, obovoid, very rarely constricted in the centre or with a concave face in side view, sometimes constricted or mitriform in frontal view, with obvious apiculum, smooth, non-amyloid, thin-walled, hyaline, with granular/ oleaginous contents and sometimes with a large guttule. Basidia (8.5–)24.0–25.2–30.1(–36.0) × (4.7–)5.8–6.3–6.9(– 7.5) μm, predominantly tetrasporic, some bisporic, claviform, with sterigmata 3.5–7 μm high, segmented with short basal FHOOV ZLWK EDVDO ¿EXODH Cheilocystidia (22.0–)22.7–31.2– 41.0(–45.0) × (1.3–)4.4–7.3–10.7(–11.0) μm, polymorphic, fusiform, lecythiform, capitate, narrowly utriform, claviform with mucronate or rostrate apex, digital, with one or two vermiform excrescences, some bifurcate, abundant. Lamellar tramaVXEUHJXODUZLWKVXEF\OLQGULFDORUPRUHRUOHVVLQÀDWHG HOHPHQWV± ± —P±—PORQJZLWKVSDUVH¿EXODH Pileipellis consisting of a cutis dry with some interwoven hyphae 5–12 μm, and claviform termination 12–14(–22) μm, subcutis consisting of similar somewhat larger elements, ZLWKDEXQGDQW¿EXODHStipitipellis, consisting of a cutis dry, ZLWK¿OLIRUPK\SKDH±î±—PZLWKUDUHIUHHURXQGHG claviform, sometimes fusiform terminations, caulotrama with subcylindrical or fusiform hyphae 40–90 × 10–18 μm. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Distribution &XUUHQWO\ NQRZQ RQO\ IURP LVODQG RI 7HUFHLUD Azores, Portugal. Typus: Portugal, Azores, Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo, pr. Algar do Carvão, Terra Brava, N38o44’09”, W27o12’0.4”, 670 m a.s.l., gregarious growing on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, 14 Jan. 2022, A. Mateos & S. De la Peña- Lastra (holotype$0,63/,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PV232129.1 and PV210907.1). Additional material examined: Portugal, Azores, Terceira, $QJUD GR +HURtVPR 0LVWpULRV 1HJURV 1ƒ¶´ : o16’54”, 630 m a.s.l., gregarious in laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, 15 Jan. 2022, A. Mateos & S. De la Peña-Lastra $0,63/ ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN PV232130.1). Notes: Phylogenetic analysis presents H. vulcanica in a fully supported subclade (1/100) located within section Coccineae, forming part of a small low-bearing clade between subsect. Squamulosae and section Firmae (Lodge et al. 2014), together with Hygrocybe substrangulata the phylogenetically FORVHVW VSHFLHV   DI¿QLW\ DW /68 OHYHO EHWZHHQ WKH sequence extracted from the holotype of H. vulcanica and *HQ%DQN VHTXHQFH .)  $W WKH PRUSKRORJLFDO level, there are no species in the nearby sections showing all the macro- and microscopic characteristics of the species described here: among the species with more or less yellow colourations, H. ceracea shows a higher percentage of constricted spores, and a mixed ixotrichodermia-ixocutis pileipellis (Boertmann 2010); + ÀDYHVFHQV, a species described from North America, has a pileipellis with ixocutis structure and larger fruitbodies (Hesler & Smith 1963); H. subpapillata, a small species with more orange shades, also has pileipellis in ixocutis, and longer lamellar weft elements (up to 800 μm), according to Boertmann (2010). Hygrocybe citrina, a diversely interpreted species, differs by its slightly GHFXUUHQWODPHOODHDQGVSRUHVZLWKD4• /DQJH  OLNHH. phaeococcinea, which may have similar colourations, possesses pileipellis in cutis, and is the only one of the species included in this comparative to have scattered marginal cells (Boertmann 2010), although H. vulcanica has true, abundant and polymorphous cheilocystidia. Finally, H. substrangulata, with much more orange colourations and spores longer than 10 μm on average, is also distinguished by its pileipellis in trichodermia (Boertmann 2010). Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment). . Colour illustrations: Portugal, Azores, Terceira, Terra Brava, laurel forests planted with Cryptomeria japonica, where the holotype of Hygrocybe vulcanica was collected. Top, basidiomata correspond with the holotype. Right column: upper photo corresponds with hymenophoral trama (left RC, right H2O) and hymenophore with basidia and immature basidia (on the right, RC); the bottom photo is stipitipellis (upper, H2O), and pileipellis (bottom, RC). Left column: upper photo corresponds to basidiospores (RC); the bottom photo is FKHLORF\VWLGLD 5& 6FDOHEDUVK\PHQRSKRUDOWUDPD OHIW  ȝP DOORWKHUV ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 485 KƵƚŐƌŽƵƉ 1/100 0.96/99 0,99/100 ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ƵŶƉůĂĐĞĚ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘^ƋĂŵƵůŽƐĂĞ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘^ŝĐĐĂĞ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ 1/100 1/100 ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶƐ ŚůŽƌŽƉŚĂŶĂĞͬ sĞůŽƐĂĞ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶ&ŝƌŵĂĞ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ƵŶƉůĂĐĞĚ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ƵŶƉůĂĐĞĚ GU222283.1 KT020862.1 Hygrocybe firma PDD:88994 NZL MK235118.1 MK408643.1 Hygrocybe aurantiomagnifica FW 129/2012 BRA EU784321.1 Hygrocybe intermedia RBG Kew K (M)126648 GBR EU784350.1 Hygrocybe subpapillata RBG Kew K(M)54960 GBR KF291179.1 KF291180.1 Hygrocybe cf. miniata AK-110 RUS U784335.1 Hygrocybe phaeococcinea RBG Kew K(M)121764 GBR M100550.1 ON046333.1 Hygrocybe phaeococcinea HMJAU61974 CHN MN887446.1 Hygrocybe phaeococcinea Fungarium Lebeuf HRL0785 CAN KF381553.1 Hygrocybe sp. AK-31 RUS KF381554.1 Hygrocybe substrangulata AK-26 RUS PV232129.1 PV210907.1 Hygrocybe vulcanica AMI-SPL1263 PRT T PV232130.1 Hygrocybe vulcanica AMI-SPL1299 PRT KP965779.1 KP965796.1 Hygrocybe cf. turunda Lueck14 DEU MW996448.1 MW996446.1 Hygrocybe miniata SNMH250 SVK MN082022.1 Hygrocybe coccineocrenata NHM 368/6986 MNE KF291182.1 KF291183.1 Hygrocybe helobia AK-124 RUS PP764320.1 Hygrocybe constans OLY AL0466 USA MW996447.1 MW996445.1 Hygrocybe miniata SNMH262 SVK KP965780.1 Hygrocybe miniata Lueck16 DEU PQ492722.1 Hygrocybe squamosissima AGMT 13690 ITA T EU784326.1 Hygrocybe miniata RBG Kew K(M)104840 GBR MK278170.1 Hygrocybe helobia G0262 AUT DQ490630.1 DQ457677.1 Hygrocybe miniata f. longipes AFTOL-ID-1891 USA ON054952.1 ON046288.1 Hygrocybe cf. miniata HMJAU61953 CHN 0.07 HM020677.1 Hygrocybe miniata f. longipes AM07 USA 1/100 0,86/92 7KHPRVWSUREDEOHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ WUHHREWDLQHGIURPWKH,76/68 *HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVLQVXSSOHPHQWDU\WDEOH DOLJQPHQW showing on the branches the ML bootstrap (ML-bs) support values and Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values (ML-bs/BPP) considered VLJQL¿FDQW 0/EV•DQG%33YDOXHV• FDOFXODWHGZLWK,475((Y 1JX\HQet al. 2015) and MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012), respectively. The novel species is highlighted in green. Sequences from type material are indicated with a T. A. Mateos, Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain; e-mail: amateosiz1@gmail.com S. De la Peña-Lastra, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: saul.delapena@gmail.com 7,OOHVFDV&%XHQRV$LUHVEDMR&yUGRED6SDLQHPDLOWLOOHVFDV#JPDLOFRP A. García-Martín, University of Extremadura, Spain; e-mail: abgarcia@unex.es Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025486 Hongoboletus americanus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 487 Fungal Planet 1834 MB 858877 Hongoboletus americanus Domnauer, P.R. Miller & Dentinger, sp. nov. Etymology: Named for this species being the only member of this genus to occur in the Americas. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus 12 cm wide, convex when young to broadly convex in age, margin incurved and slightly overhanging, surface JODEURXVWRVOLJKWO\VXEWRPHQWRVHFRORXUEULFNUHGWRFRSSHU reddish orange, fading to a cream yellow near margin. Hymenophore adnate to centrally depressed, bright citrine \HOORZZKHQ\RXQJEHFRPLQJGXOOROLYH\HOORZLQDJHTXLFNO\ VWDLQLQJGHHSEOXHZKHUHEUXLVHGWXEHVPPWKLFNPP pore diameter. Stipe 7 cm length, obclavate, 1.8 cm diam. at apex, 2.3 cm diam. at base, surface glabrous, not reticulate, \HOORZ ZLWK ORQJLWXGLQDO UHG VWUHDNV DQG VPDOO UHG GRWV QHDU EDVH YLQDFHRXV UHG VWDLQLQJ RQ LQMXUHG DUHDV EDVDO mycelium white. Context pale yellow, immediately strongly blueing throughout, strongest blueing at stipe base, blueing IDGHVWREURZQLVKRUDQJHUHGWKURXJKRXWDOOSDUWVÀHVKVROLG odour indistinct, taste slightly tart. Chemical reactions pileus surface: KOH reddish brown, NH4OH orange yellow, FeSO4 negative; pileus context: KOH ochre, NH4OH greenish yellow, FeSO4 green. Spore print olive brown. Basidospores (8.6–)9.0–11.3(–11.6) × (3.7–)3.8–4.2(–4.7) μm (n = 20), spores ellipsoid, brownish yellow in 5 % KOH, smooth. Cystidia ventricose, clamp connections absent. Habit, habitat and distribution: Solitary in mixed pine- KDUGZRRG IRUHVWFXUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\ LQ WKH(DVWHUQ86$ rarely encountered. Typus: USA0LVVLVVLSSLƒ¶´1ƒ¶´:PDVO in mixed pine-hardwood forest, 15 Jul. 2021, P.R. Miller & G. Stratton, PRM2299 (holotype MISS0098689, isotype UT-M0002386; ITS VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Notes: Hongoboletus americanus can be recognized by LWVVPRRWKREFODYDWH\HOORZVWLSHEULFNUHGFDSDQGGDUN blue staining throughout that fades to brown. Lanmaoa pseudosensibilis may be morphologically similar, also displaying a strong blue staining reaction that fades to brown (Bessette et al. 2024). However, H. americanus can be distinguished by its typically larger cap width to stipe length ratio, and the more bulbous stipe with vinaceous staining on the stipe surface. This is the second species belonging to the genus Hongoboletus DQG WKH ¿UVW GHVFULEHG IURP North America. The closest related species is Hongoboletus ventricosus, which is found in East Asia where it is commonly VROGLQPDUNHWVIRUFRQVXPSWLRQ :Xet al. 2023). Supplementary material: https://mushroomobserver.org/565254 SKRWRJUDSKV GRLP¿JVKDUH DOLJQPHQW  Colour illustrations: Native habitat in mixed pine-hardwood forest (photo credit P.R. Miller). Basidiome side view (MISS0098689, type); basidiome ventral view showing hymenophore bruising blue; basidiome cross section blueing throughout; spores in KOH. Scale bars: colony = 2 cm (basidiome habits);spores = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025488 0.04 MH236105 Boletaceae sp. MushroomObserver 242666 USA MW374191 Crocinoboletus pinetorum rpr413 OQ888709 Hongoboletus ventricosus HKAS122793 China OQ888710 Hongoboletus ventricosus TNS-F-44611 Japan PQ758712 Hongoboletus americanus UT-M0002386 USA ON794282 Crocinoboletus laetissimus HKAS122417 65 100 85 100 &'RPQDXHU8QLYHUVLW\RI8WDK 1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXPRI8WDK:DNDUD:D\6DOW/DNH&LW\8786$ e-mail: colin.domnauer@utah.edu P.R. Miller, Independent Researcher, Mississippi, USA %'HQWLQJHU8QLYHUVLW\RI8WDK 1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXPRI8WDK:DNDUD:D\6DOW/DNH&LW\8786$ e-mail: bryndentinger@nhmu.utah.edu Phylogram distinguishing Hongoboletus americanus7KH0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGSK\ORJUDPZDVREWDLQHGXVLQJ,475((YDQGFRQVLVWV RIDYDLODEOH,76VHTXHQFHVRINQRZQHongoboletus species, with CrocinoboletusDVDQRXWJURXS 7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. 2016). The support values at the nodes are based on 1000 bootstrap replicates.The novel species is shown in bold font. Scale bar shows substitutions per site. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 489 Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025490 Fungal Planet 1835 MB 857856 Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina De la Peña-Lastra, A. Mateos & Illescas, sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet refers to the orange reddish colour with yellow orange margin. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus ± PP ZLGH DW ¿UVW KHPLVSKHULFDO WKHQ FDPSDQXODWH ODWHU VRPHWLPHV VRPHZKDW ÀDWWHQHG LQ WKH centre, with incurved margin when young, cuticle rugulose to magnifying glass, viscous, striated by transparency to mid- radius, margin somewhat overgrown and often crenulate; orange, to orange reddish (Ség. 196, 212; Séguy 1936) in the centre or entirely, usually with yellow orange margin, discolouring to yellow (Ség. 241), or sulphur yellow (Ség. 230), sometimes over the whole surface at full maturity. Lamellae separate, L = 24–35, adnate, slightly decurrent, with lamellulae (l = 1–3), ventricose, intervening on faces and bottom at maturity, whitish-yellowish or yellowish. Stipe 22– 30 × 1–2 mm, slender, central, cylindrical, subequal, terete, VWUDLJKWWRUHFXUYHGRUJHQHUDOO\ÀH[XRXVVPRRWKWUDQVOXFHQW YHU\YLVFLG¿VWXORXVRUDQJHUHGGLVKRUDQJH\HOORZLVK 6pJ 246, 211) above, yellow orangish, lemon yellow (Ség. 226, 257) below. Context exiguous, concolourous to surface, no discernible odour and taste indistinct. Basidiospores (4.5–)5.7–6.4–6.8(–7.9) × (2.4–)2.8–3.4–4.1(–4.5) μm; Q = (1.3–)1.5–1.9–2.3(–2.8); n = 100; Ve = 40 μm3, oblong, ellipsoidal or broadly ellipsoidal, subcylindrical, sometimes constricted in the centre (less than 25 %), phaseoliform or rarely with a concave face in side view, smooth, non-amyloid, thin-walled, hyaline, with granular/oleaginous contents and rarely with a large guttule. Basidia (17.3–)22.0–25.2–29.3(– 29.9) × (3.6–)4.2–5.0–6.0(–6.3) μm, tetrasporic, claviform, ZLWKVWHULJPDV±—PKLJKZLWKEDVDO¿EXODHLamellar trama UHJXODUZLWKPRUHRU OHVV LQÀDWHGHOHPHQWV±—P 50–100 μm long. Pileipellis mixed, consisting of an ixocutis ZLWK¿EXODWHK\SKDHDQGYHU\ IUHTXHQWUKRPERLGDOFU\VWDOV and an ixotrichodermia 80–120(–150) high, with hyphae with rounded, claviform, narrowed or bifurcate terminations, 3–8 μm in diam. and 40–85 μm long. Stipitipellis mixed, consisting RI DQ L[RWULFKRGHUP VRPHWLPHV ± —P WKLFN ZLWK ¿OLIRUPK\SKDH±î±—PZLWKURXQGHGVRPHWLPHV narrowed, terminations, and areas with an ixocutis, with DEXQGDQW VRPHWLPHV GRXEOH ¿EXODH ZLWK YHU\ IUHTXHQW crystals. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Distribution&XUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\ IURP WKH W\SH ORFDWLRQ LQ the centre of Madeira. Typus: Portugal0DGHLUD5LEHLUDGD-DQHOD)DQDO1ƒ¶´ :ƒ¶´PDVOJUHJDULRXVXQGHUODXUHOIRUHVW1RY 2021, A. Mateos & S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype AMI-SPL879; ITS VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  Additional material examined: Portugal, Madeira, Parque 1DWXUDOGR5LEHLUR)ULR1ƒ¶´:ƒ¶´P a.s.l., gregarious in laurel forest, 18 Nov. 2021, A. Mateos & S. De la Peña-Lastra (AMI-SPL715; ITS and LSU sequences *HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: In our phylogenetic analysis, H. aurantiocitrina clusters in a fully supported subclade (1/100) in the company of the North American species designated with the provisional name Hygrocybe sp. PNW19 (95.9 % identity at the ITS level with the sequence extracted from the holotype of H. aurantiocitrina), accompanied by the sequence attributed to Hygrocybe marchii *HQ%DQN(8 DQGHygrocybe constrictospora in a sister subclade. Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina clusters in subgenus Pseudohygrocybe, section Coccineae, subsect. Siccae (Lodge et al. 2014). With a similar appearance we have a whole series of small Hygrocybe, more or less slimy and with yellowish to reddish tones in pileus and stipe; among them we can highlight H. parvula and H. minutula, two species described in North America with small ellipsoidal spores around 6 μm long, more decurrent lamellae and a pileipellis in ixocutis with some erect elements (Hesler & Smith 1963); H. ceracea, with usually less intense colourations, which is further distinguished by its dry stipe and its spores on average larger than 7 μm long, constricted by more than 50 % (Boertmann 2010); H. insipida can be differentiated by their usually dry or at most slightly viscid stipe (Boertmann 2010); H. garajonayensis and H. madeirensis are two small species sharing laurel forest habitat with H. aurantiocitrina, both with pileipellis in ixotrichodermia and lamellar weft composed of articles < 70 μm long, interwoven in the case of H. madeirensis (Crous et al. 2024a). Finally, H. reidii and H. constrictospora can be separated by their pileipellis in cutis and dry stipe, by their spores on average larger than —PORQJE\WKHLUW\SLFDOKRQH\RGRXULQWKH¿UVWFDVHDQG by their more than 75 % constricted spores in the second case. These species are phylogenetically more related to H. aurantiocitrina, with an identity of 90.1 % comparing the ITS- LSU matrix of the sequences corresponding to the holotype ZLWK WKH PDWFKLQJ IUDJPHQW RI WKH *HQ%DQN VHTXHQFHV KF291115.1 and KF291116.1, extracted from the sample of H. constrictospora Boertmann 2007/38. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment).. Colour illustrations: Portugal, Madeira, Ribeira da Janela, Fanal, forest of Laurus novocanariensis, where the holotype of Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina was collected. Right column: basidiomata in upper photo correspond with the holotype AMI-SPL879, in middle hymenophoral trama (left RC) and lamellar edge con basidia and immature basidia (two pictures on the right RC), and the bottom photo is stipitipellis (two pictures, H2O). Left column: upper photo corresponds AMI-SPL715, in middle basidiospores (RC, H2O); and the bottom photo is pileipellis (two pictures RC). Scale bars: K\PHQRSKRUDOWUDPD OHIW  ȝPDOORWKHUV ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 491 MW471672.1 MW471670.1 Hygrocybe fulgens SNMH259 SVK T KƵƚŐƌŽƵƉ EU435150.1 Hygrocybe hypohaemacta CFMR BZ-1903 PAN ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘^ƋĂŵƵůŽƐĂĞ 1/99 ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶƐ ŚůŽƌŽƉŚĂŶĂĞ ͬsĞůŽƐĂĞ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶ&ŝƌŵĂĞ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ƵŶƉůĂĐĞĚ DQ490630.1 DQ457677.1 Hygrocybe miniata f. longipes AFTOL-ID-1891 USA ON054952.1 ON046288.1 Hygrocybe cf. miniata HMJAU61953 CHN 0.07 HM020677.1 Hygrocybe miniata f. longipes AM07 USA ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ƵŶƉůĂĐĞĚ KY777402.1 MF797678.1 Hygrocybe aff. flavescens ECV4001 USA EU435148.1_Hygrocybe chlorophana Boertmann 2002/9 DNK EU435149.1 Hygrocybe glutinipes var. rubra DJL-TN-9-2005 USA OP538802,1 Hygrocybe glutinipes 1.1.9 CHE OP538719.1 Hygrocybe glutinipes KN_003 CHE ^ĞĐƚ͘ŽĐĐŝĐĞĂĞ͕^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ ŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ KF291089.1 Hygrocybe cf. purpureofolia AK-109 RUS KF291192.1 KF291193.1.Hygrocybe purpureofolia CFMR NC-257 USA PP919887.1 Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens DJH23-32 GBR EU784278.1 Hygrocybe_aurantiosplendens RBG Kew K(M)126630 GBR PQ652241.1 Hygrocybe punicea MV-1663 SWE KF291133.1 KF291134.1 Hygrocybe punicea DJL-SCOT-B2 GBR OP538745.1 Hygrocybe splendidissima KN-501 CHE EU784441.1 Hygrocybe splendidissima RBG Kew K(M)126108p1 GBR MT636968.1 Hygrocybe laetissima iNat40778953 USA OM522275.1 Hygrocybe aff. coccinea iNat18942071 USA PV232131.1 PV210908.1 Hygrocybe sanguineolutea AMI-SPL778 PRT T ON054947.1 ON046290.1 Hygrocybe coccinea HMJAU61873 CHN KP965797.1 Hygrocybe coccinea Lueck18 DEU EU435146.1 Hygrocybe coccinea Boertmann 2002/8 DNK ^ĞĐƚ͘ŽĐĐŝŶĞĂĞ͕ ^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘ƵŶƉůĂĐĞĚ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐŝĐĞĂĞ͕^ƵďƐĞĐƚ͘^ŝĐĐĂĞ OR524764.1 OR524744.1 Hygrocybe amara SNMH613 SVK T OR524760.1 OR524740.1 Hygrocybe alpina_SNMH258_SVK_T OR524778.1 OR524755.1 Hygrocybe mucronella SNMH751 SVK T PQ652745.1 Hygrocybe quieta F-3327 SWE OR194926.1 Hygrocybe obrussea KN-985 CHE KF291157.1 Hygrocybe quieta Boertmann 2006/43 DNK EU784345.1 Hygrocybe quieta RBG_Kew K(M)121505 GBR MK278177.1 Hygrocybe reidii G0247 NOR KF291158.1 KF291159.1 Hygrocybe reidii DJL-ENG-15-2006 GBR KF291185.1 Hygrocybe insipida Boertmann 2006/71 DNK PP407500.1 PP409983.1 Hygrocybe madeirensis AMI-SPL0816a PRT T PP409982.1 PP409984.1 Hygrocybe garajonayensis AMI-SPL1110 ESP T KF291189.1 Hygrocybe parvula AK-25 RUS KM248888.1 Hygrocybe subceracea 4469 CAN PQ144051.1 Hygrocybe sp. PNW19 HAY-F-007331 iNat190876306 USA KF291108.1 KF291109.1 Hygrocybe ceracea Boertmann 2002/7 DNK PV232128.1 Hygrocybe_aurantiocitrina AMI-SPL879 PRT T PV232127.1 PV210908.1 Hygrocybe_aurantiocitrina AMI-SPL715 PRT ON054944.1 ON046287.1 Hygrocybe constrictospora HMJAU61893 CHN KF291115.1 KF291116.1 Hygrocybe constrictospora Boertmann 2007/38_DNK EU784324.1 Hygrocybe marchii RBG Kew K(M)14907 GBR 1/100 1/100 0.99/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/99 0.83/99 1/100 1/100 1/100 0.87/100 1/100 0.96/100 0.98/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 0.96/100 0.99/100 1/100 1/100 7KHPRVWSUREDEOHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ WUHHREWDLQHGIURPWKH,76/68DOLJQPHQWVKRZLQJRQWKHEUDQFKHVWKH0/ERRWVWUDS 0/EV  VXSSRUWYDOXHVDQG%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLW\ %33 YDOXHV 0/EV%33 FRQVLGHUHGVLJQL¿FDQW 0/EV•DQG%33YDOXHV•  calculated with IQ-TREE v. 2.1.3 (Nguyen et al. 2015) and MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012), respectively. The novel species is highlighted in green. Sequences from type material are indicated with a T. S. De la Peña-Lastra, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: saul.delapena@gmail.com A. Mateos, Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain; e-mail: amateosiz1@gmail.com 7,OOHVFDV&%XHQRV$LUHVEDMR&yUGRED6SDLQHPDLOWLOOHVFDV#JPDLOFRP A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: antonio.rigueiro@usc.es Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025492 Hygrocybe sanguineolutea Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 493 Fungal Planet 1836 MB 857854 Hygrocybe sanguineolutea A. Mateos, De la Peña-Lastra & Illescas, sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet refers to the overall blood red colour of the pileus and stipe, more yellow orange on the margin of the pileus and stipe areas of the carpophore. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus ± PP ZLGH DW ¿UVW FRQLFDO FDPSDQXODWH ODWHU ÀDWFRQYH[ RU ÀDWWHQHGPRUH RU OHVVPDPPLOODWH LQ VKDSH not very distinct, surface dry and smooth, matt, striated by transparency from one third to half of the radius, margin somewhat overgrown and often crenulate; deep scarlet red (Ség. 156; Séguy 1936), blood red, cherry red (Ség. 101, 121), discolouring at the margin to orange yellow (Ség. 168, 196), and at the edge yellow (Ség. 230, 241). Lamellae separate, L = 24–28, adnate, broadly adnate or slightly decurrent by one tooth, with lamellulae (l = 1–3), ventricose, intervening at the bottom at maturity, cream yellowish or sometimes entirely yellowish, reddish at the bottom, with pale arista. Stipe 25– 35 × 3–5 mm, central, cylindrical, subequal, terete, dry, dull, VRPHZKDWULEEHGDVLWDJHVIURPVROLGWR¿VWXORXVEORRGUHG (Ség. 157) over almost the entire length, yellow (Ség. 226) in small spots and in the lower part in the area covered by the substrate, the base covered with white mycelial felt. Context somewhat brittle, subcoloured to surface, no perceptible odour and indistinct taste. Basidiospores (4.4–)5.9–6.7–7.4(– 8.5) × (3.0–)3.4–3.9–4.4(–5.2) μm; Q = (1.2–)1.5–1.7–2.0(– 2.5); n = 100; Ve = 55 μm3, oblong, ellipsoid, subcylindrical, rarely constricted in the centre (less than 10 %), some ovoid, sometimes amygdaliform or lacyriform, phaseoliform in side view, with apiculum often almost lateral, smooth, non-amyloid, thin-walled, hyaline, with granular/oleaginous contents and rarely with a large guttule. Basidia (28.1–)35.8– 42.0–51.0(–63.0) × (4.3–)5.0–6.1–7.0(–7.5) μm, tetrasporic, claviform, with sterigmata 3.5–8.0 μm high, with basal ¿EXODH EDVLGLROHV VXEF\OLQGULFDO FODYLIRUP RU VXEFDSLWDWH subhymenium confused globular and with frequent ellipsoid crystals. Lamellar tramaVXEUHJXODUZLWKPRUHRUOHVVLQÀDWHG elements 3–8(–10) μm wide, 25–60 μm long, terminally clavate. Pileipellis consisting of a cutis dry with hyphae 2–4 μm diam. and 30–90 μm long, with rounded or claviform WHUPLQDWLRQVZLWKUDUHIUHHHOHPHQWV¿EXODWHVXEFXWLVZLWK hyphae 8–10 μm diam., more shortly septate. Stipitipellis FRQVLVWLQJRIDFXWLVGU\ZLWK¿OLIRUPK\SKDH±î± μm in the outer layer, without free elements, and × 6–8 μm in deeper ones, sometimes interwoven. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Distribution&XUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\ IURP WKH W\SH ORFDWLRQ LQ the centre of Madeira. Typus: Portugal 0DGHLUD &KmR GRV /RXURV 1ƒ¶´ :ƒ¶´PDVOJUHJDULRXVLQODXUHOIRUHVW1RY A. Mateos & S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype AMI-SPL778; ITS and /68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: Hygrocybe sanguineolutea is phylogenetically integrated in sect. Coccineae, subsect. Coccineae, although DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH WUDGLWLRQDO PRUSKRORJLFDO FODVVL¿FDWLRQ (Candusso 1997, Boertmann 2010), it should be integrated in subsect. Siccae considering its pilleipellis in dry cutis. Morphologically similar species to H. sanguineolutea include: H. phaeococcinea, a species with the pileus and stipe with similar colouration, but different in being little or non-striated at the margin of the pileus, and with much larger spores [(8–)9–11.5(–12.5) × (5–)6–7.5 μm (Candusso 1997); (6– )7.5–10(–12.5) × (4–)4.5–5.5(–7.5) μm (Boertmann 2010)]; H. splendidissima, similar in colouration but with larger IUXFWL¿FDWLRQV IUHH RU RQO\ VOLJKWO\ DGQDWH ODPHOODH KRQH\ odour when dry and larger spores; H. punicea has similarly FRORXUHG IUXFWL¿FDWLRQV EXW PXFK ODUJHU VL]H VOLP\ SLOHXV when wet, much larger spores and epicutis in ixotrichodermia; H. aurantiosplendens is distinct because of its larger size, red orange colour, slimy pileus and larger spores. Finally, we have H. coccinea, the phylogenetically most closely related species (with an identity of 94.4 % comparing the ITS-LSU matrix of the sequences corresponding to the holotype with WKHPDWFKLQJIUDJPHQWRI*HQ%DQNVHTXHQFH(8 obtained from the sample of H. coccinea Boertmann 2002/8), but with different colour, from orange to yellow, pileus with non-striated margin, not slimy, lubricated, and pileipellis in ixotrichodermia or ixocutis. For phylogenetic tree, see Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina (FP 1835). Mateos, Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain; e-mail: amateosiz1@gmail.com S. De la Peña-Lastra, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: saul.delapena@gmail.com 7,OOHVFDV&%XHQRV$LUHVEDMR&yUGRED6SDLQHPDLOWLOOHVFDV#JPDLOFRP A. García-Martín, University of Extremadura, Spain; e-mail: abgarcia@unex.es Colour illustrations: Portugal, Madeira, Terceira, Chão dos Louros, forest of Laurus novocanariensis, where the holotype of Hygrocybe sanguineolutea was collected. Top, basidiomata correspond with the holotype. Right column: in upper photo correspond hymenophoral trama (left RC, middle H2O), basidia (RC) and basidioles (H2O); and the bottom photo is pileipellis (upper) and stipitipellis (bottom) (RC). Left column: upper photo corresponds basidiospores (RC, H2O); and the bottom photo is hymenium with basidia and basidioles (RC). 6FDOHEDUVK\PHQRSKRUDOWUDPD OHIW  ȝPDOORWKHUV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025494 Hypocrella khonsanitii Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 495 Fungal Planet 1837 MB 856566 Hypocrella khonsanitii Noisrip. & Luangsa-ard, sp. nov. Etymology: Named in honour of Artit Khonsanit, who collected DQG VWXGLHG WKLV VSHFLHV DQG KDV EHHQ ZRUNLQJ RQ LQYHUWHEUDWH pathogenic fungi in BIOTEC for more than 10 years. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. Stromata discoid, pulvinate, 0.5–1 mm diam. and 0.5 PPKLJK OLJKW JUHHQLVK \HOORZ WR GDUN RUDQJHConidioma pycnidial, a conidioma per stroma, unilocular, subglobose ZLWK QDUURZ RUL¿FHV LQ WKH FHQWUH RI VWURPDWD ± î ±ȝPPhialidesK\DOLQHF\OLQGULFDO±î±ȝP Conidia K\DOLQH IXVRLG ± î ± ȝP SDUDSK\VHV present. Perithecia scattered, semi-embedded, numerous SHULWKHFLDSHUVWURPD • VOLJKWO\SURMHFWLQJWUDQVOXFHQW HORQJDWHGÀDVNVKDSHG±î±ȝPAsci hyaline, F\OLQGULFDO ± î ± ȝPAscospores hyaline, whole, ¿OLIRUP WR ORQJ IXVLIRUP ±VHSWDWH ± î ± ȝP Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) compact, pulvinate, ZLWKDZULQNOHGVXUIDFHHURVHHGJHDWWDLQLQJDGLDPRI± PPDIWHU ZN DW ƒ& SDOH RUDQJH \HOORZP\FHOLD SDOH yellow conidial masses. Typus: Thailand, Narathiwat Province, Waeng District, Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, 500 m nature trail, on scale insects (Coccidae), found on underside of dicotyledonous leaves, 12 Oct. 2013, A. Khonsanit, N. Wiriyathanawudhiwong & A. Abdulrohman (holotype BBH 38451, culture ex-type = BCC 69112, ITS, LSU, tef1, and rpb1 VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN343434DQG PQ585794). Additional materials examined: Thailand, Narathiwat Province, Waeng District, Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, 500 m nature trail, on scale insects (Coccidae), found on the underside of dicotyledonous leaves, 12 Oct. 2013, A. Khonsanit, N. Wiriyathanawudhiwong & A. Abdulrohman (SM01516); Chumphon Province, Phato District, Phato Watershed Conservation and Management Unit, on scale insects (Coccidae), found on the underside of dicotyledonous leaves, 23 Jan. 2014, A. Khonsanit, D. Thanakitpipattana & W. Noisripoom (SM01671: BCC 71371, ITS, LSU, tef1, and rpb1 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 34 34 34 PQ585795); Narathiwat Province, Waeng District, Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, 500 m nature trail, on scale insects (Coccidae), found on the underside of dicotyledonous leaves, 24 Nov. 2020, A. Khonsanit & K. Tasanathai (BBH 51038, BBH 51048). Notes: Phylogenetically, Hypocrella khonsanitii is closely related to H. siamensis 0RQJNROVDPULWet al. 2009). However, the gross morphological characters of H. khonsanitii differ from H. siamensis in producing only one conidioma per VWURPD DQG ZLGHU DVFRVSRUHV ± î ± ȝP ZKLOHH. siamensis produces several conidiomata per stroma (Petch 0RQJNROVDPULWet al. 2009, Luangsa-ard et al. 2010) and QDUURZHUDVFRVSRUHV±î±ȝP 0RQJNROVDPULWet al. 2009, Luangsa-ard et al. 2010). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of BCC 69112 had highest similarity to Aschersonia badia >VWUDLQ 60 *HQ%DQN '4 ,GHQWLWLHV   (95 %), 13 gaps (2 %)], Aschersonia badia [strain AL23, *HQ%DQN'4,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (2 %)], and Hypocrella discoidea >VWUDLQ%2.2*HQ%DQN EF179156; Identities = 614/650 (94 %), 20 gaps (3 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Aschersonia badia >*HQ%DQN.&,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps], Aschersonia sp. >VWUDLQ %&& *HQ%DQN KC713633; Identities = 1162/1168 (99 %), no gaps] and Hypocrella discoidea >VWUDLQ%&&*HQ%DQN'4 ,GHQWLWLHV      ¿YH JDSV   @ &ORVHVW hits using the tef1 sequence are Aschersonia badia [strain %&& *HQ%DQN .& ,GHQWLWLHV   (97 %), no gaps], Aschersonia cf. badia [strain BCC 8407, *HQ%DQN'4,GHQWLWLHV   QRJDSV@ and Hypocrella discoidea >VWUDLQ %&&  *HQ%DQN DQ384975; Identities = 894/929 (96 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the rpb1 sequence are Hypocrella discoidea >VWUDLQ 0'<6 *HQ%DQN .8 ,GHQWLWLHV  575/590 (97 %), no gaps], Hypocrella discoidea [strain BCC *HQ%DQN'4,GHQWLWLHV   QR gaps] and Aschersonia cf. badia >VWUDLQ%&&*HQ%DQN DQ384999; Identities = 572/587 (97 %), no gaps]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment, phylogenetic tree, table). Colour illustrations %DFNJURXQG SKRWR RI +DOD %DOD :LOGOLIH Sanctuary, 500 m nature trail, Waeng District, Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Asexual stromata and sexual stroma on scale insects (Coccidae); section of stroma showing conidioma; section of stroma showing perithecia; colonies obverse on PDA; phialides and conidia at the tips with paraphyses; conidia; asci; whole ascospores. Scale bars: asexual stromata on scale insects = 5 mm; sexual stroma on scale insect = 1 mm; section of stroma showing perithecia = 200 ȝPVHFWLRQRIVWURPDVKRZLQJFRQLGLRPD ȝPSKLDOLGHVDQG FRQLGLDDWWKHWLSVZLWKSDUDSK\VHV ȝPDVFL ȝPFRQLGLD ZKROHDVFRVSRUHV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025496 0.1 Hypocrella khonsanitii BCC69112 Hypocrella khonsanitii BCC 71371 100/1 Hypocrella siamensis BCC 8105 72/1 Hypocrella luteola BCC 11738 Aschersonia luteola BCC 7865 100/1 Aschersonia luteola BCC 9481 99/1 Hypocrella discoidea BCC 2097 Hypocrella discoidea BCC 8237 100/1 Aschersonia samoensis BCC 8775 99/1 Hypocrella calendulina BCC 20309 Hypocrella calendulina BCC 20306 0.88 Hypocrella calendulina BCC 9483 93 Hypocrella discoidea I95 901D Hypocrella discoidea I93 901D 100/0.98 Aschersonia napoleonae P.C.73777/1 97/1 100/1 Aschersonia minutispora BCC 17487 Aschersonia minutispora BCC 20635100/1 99/1 Hypocrella hirsuta P.C. 436.2 Hypocrella hirsuta P.C. 436 100/1 Hypocrella hirsuta P.C.543 100/1 Hypocrella citrina P.C.606 Hypocrella citrina P.C.597100/1 0.90 Hypocrella disciformis M.L.202i Hypocrella disciformis P.C.575 100/1 Hypocrella viridans P.C.635 Hypocrella viridans P.C.670100/1 95/1 100/1 100/1 Samuelsia castanea P.C.613 Samuelsia chalalensis P.C.560 98/1 Samuelsia geonomis P.C.614 100/1 Samuelsia sheikhii PC686 0.82 100/1 Regiocrella camerunensis CUP 67512 Regiocrella sinensis CUP CH-2640 0.95 0D[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGWUHHRIH. khonsanitii and phylogenetically closely related species based on a 2464 bp combined dataset comprising LSU, tef1 and rpb1VHTXHQFHV$QDO\VHVZHUHSHUIRUPHGXVLQJ5$[0/Y 6WDPDWDNLV DQG0U%D\HVYD +XHOVHQEHFN 5RQTXLVW 2001) with 5 M generations and MrModeltest v. 2.2 (Nylander 2004) under the SYM+G model. RAxML boostrap values > 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.7 are represented on the nodes. The new species proposed in the present study is highlighted and indicated in bold text. :1RLVULSRRP --/XDQJVDDUG%,27(&1DWLRQDO6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\'HYHORSPHQW$JHQF\ 167'$ 7KDLODQG6FLHQFH3DUN 3KDKRQ\RWKLQ5RDG.KORQJ1XHQJ.KORQJ/XDQJ3DWKXP7KDQL7KDLODQGHPDLOZDVDQDQRL#ELRWHFRUWK MDMHQ#ELRWHFRUWK Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 497 Inocybe alnobetulae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025498 Etymology: The name is derived from the species Alnus alnobetula (Betulaceae), due to its apparently exclusive ectomycorrhizal relationship with this plant. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata agaricoid and stipitate. Pileus 1.2–2.8(–3.5) mm, initially hemispherical to paraboloid, then convex to SODQRFRQYH[ ¿QDOO\ DSSODQDWH RU VKDOORZO\ DQG EURDGO\ XPERQDWH PDUJLQ VWUDLJKW WR KDUGO\ LQÀH[HG HQWLUH WR irregularly lobate; generally uniform in colour or slightly GDUNHU WRZDUGV GH XPER IXOYRXV \HOORZ RFKUDFHRXV RU orange ochraceous, especially in young specimens (Mu <5௅<5௅  0XQVHOO VXUIDFHGU\¿QHO\ VPRRWK¿EULOORVHFHQWUHVPRRWKXVXDOO\UDGLDOO\ODFHUDWHGLQ some specimens, not hygrophanous. Velipellis conspicuous in young basidiomes, whitish, lanose-arachnoid, especially at the margin. Lamellae moderately distant (L = 30–36); l = 1–2(–3), 3–5 mm wide, adnexed, ventricose, long-time pale, initially white, becoming pale grey, then pale brown RFKUDFHRXV¿QDOO\SDOHEURZQHGJHZKLWHRUSDOHU¿PEULDWH WR¿QHO\FUHQXODWHStipe±î±PP¿UPRIWHQ curved to sinuose, abruptly bulbous to marginate bulbous; colour initially white to pale yellow-ochraceous; surface XQLIRUP¿QHO\DQGGHQVHO\ÀRFFRVHDORQJWKHHQWLUHOHQJWK Cortina not seen. Context ¿UP ¿EURXV ZKLWLVK DW SLOHXV white to pale ochraceous at the stipe. Smell faintly spermatic when cut. Spores (8.8–)9.4–11.0–12.7(–13.9) × (6.4–)7.2– 8.2–9.3(–10.7) μm, Q = (1.06–)1.19–1.30–1.53(–1.64) (n = 242 / N = 4), mostly subheterodiametric, distinctly nodulose under the optical microscope, provided with 9–15 distinct REWXVHNQREVYDULDEOH LQKHLJKW ±—PKLJK Basidia (26.2–)28.9–33.4–39.0(–41.1) × (8.2–)10.0–12.6–15.8(– 18.6) μm; Q = (2.03–)2.12–2.60–3.55(–4.32) (n = 76 / N = 2), 4-spored (sterigmata 4–7 μm long), not rarely 2-spored (sterigmata 11–15 μm long), clavate. Lamellar edge sterile, composed of abundant, protruding cheilocystidia mixed with hyaline, slightly thin-walled claviform paracystidia. Pleurocystidia (60.0–)66.4–78.0–92.9(–97.5) × (12.5–)14.1– 18.9–24.8(–32.5) μm, Q = (2.21–)3.07–4.20–5.62(–6.48), (n = 76/ N = 4), subfusiform, sublageniform, often provided with a short pedicel, crystalliferous, sometimes with microcrystals FRYHULQJ WKH DSLFDO SRUWLRQ RI WKH QHFN K\DOLQH RU ZLWK yellowish ochre content; walls (1.35–)1.64–2.00–2.40(–2.57) —PWKLFNZLGHQLQJVOLJKWO\DWWKHDSH[\HOORZLVKLQDTXHRXV ammonia solutions. Cheilocystidia (39.5–)46.1–62.2–81.0(– 85.4) × (9.8–)12.1–16.9–23.6(–28.5) μm, Q = (2.24–)2.53– 3.70–4.88(–5.38) (n = 51 / N = 3), similar in morphology to pleurocystidia. Lamellar trama pale yellowish, composed of septate parallel hyphae, with more or less widened and short elements thinned at the septa, 5–10 μm wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel hyphae 3.6–11 μm wide, with parietal brownish pigment. Caulocystidia abundant and present along the entire length of the stipe, similar in size and shape to hymenial cystidia in clusters with cauloparacystidia. Clamp connections abundant. Colour in exsiccataGDUNEURZQ Habitat and distribution: Sporulating in small groups LQ ZHW PLQHUDOULFK SODFHV ZLWKLQ VXEDOSLQH WKLFNHWV RI Alnus alnobetula (green alder, Betulaceae), with sparsed megaphorb plants such as Adenostyles alliariae, Petasites spp. and Prenanthes purpurea. So far it has only been reported from two localities in France and one in Switzerland; GLVFUHHW DQG VFDUFH EXW OLNHO\ ZLGHVSUHDG WKURXJKRXW WKH KRVW¶VUDQJH $OSV&DUSDWKLDQVHWF LWVKRXOGEHVSHFL¿FDOO\ ORRNHGIRUGXULQJVXUYH\VLQLWVKDELWDW Typus: France  $UqFKHV%HDXIRUW $UqFKHV EHORZ &RUPHW G¶$UqFKHVƒ¶´1ƒ¶´:PDVOLQVXEDOSLQH green alder stands (Alnus alnobetula) on schists, 24 Aug. 2011, M. Durand & P-A. Moreau (holotype LIP 0404660, coll. PAM10082305; ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN.3DQG.3  Additional materials examined: France  $UqFKHV %HDXIRUW$UqFKHVEHORZ&RUPHWG¶$UqFKHVƒ¶´1 ƒ¶´:PDVOLQVXEDOSLQHJUHHQDOGHUVWDQG on schists, 28 Aug. 2010, M. Durand & P-A. Moreau (LIP 0404662, coll. PAM11082807; ITS and LSU sequences *HQ%DQN .3 DQG .3  LELG., (LIP 0404661, FROO 3$0 ,76 DQG /68 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN KP641652 and KP171100). Switzerland, Graubünden, Lower Engadin, Scuol, S-charl, road to Alp Sesvenna, 1800–2000 m a.s.l., in coniferous forest of the subalpine zone, in small stand of Alnus alnobetula, in silicate soil (gneiss, granite), 15 Sep 1995, E. Horak, G. Moreno & F. Esteve-Raventós (AH ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Notes: Terminology follows Vellinga (1988) and Kuyper (1986). Inocybe alnobetulae is a very characteristic species growing under Alnus alnobetula in the subalpine areas of central Europe. Inocybe alnea (=I. ochracea) and I. undinea are also species associated with Alnus in Europe, but in more continental and warmer areas, and found with A. glutinosa or A. incana (although one paratype collection of I. undinea comes from Alnus alnobetula subsp. suaveolens in Corsica; Bandini et al. 2019a). Inocybe alnea and its synonymous I. ochracea 6WDQJO  9DXUDV .RNNRQHQ   KDYH D more robust appearance, and are clearly distinguished by the somewhat shorter, ventricose, fusiform cystidia and wider VXELVRGLDPHWULFVSRUHVZLWKORZDQGREWXVHNQREVInocybe undinea (Bandini et al. 2019a, Esteve-Raventós et al. 2022b) shows characteristic ventricose cystidia with a long, well- GH¿QHGQHFNRIWHQURVWUDWHDQGDVWHULIRUPVSRUHVZLWKYHU\ prominent nodules. Typical of I. alnobetulae is not only its habitat, but also its characteristic very elongate subfusiform Fungal Planet 1838 MB 856950 Inocybe alnobetulae P.-A. Moreau, Esteve-Rav. & Pancorbo, sp. nov. Colour illustrations. Inocybe alnobetulae habitat in green alder grove DW &RUPHW G¶$UqFKHV WKH W\SH ORFDOLW\ In situ basidiomata of the holotype (PAM10082305); from bottom to top: photos of basidiospores SEM; basidiospores OM; pleurocystidia; cheilocystidia; caulocystidia in the upper part of the stipe. Scale bars: basidiomata = 10 mm; cystidia = 50 μm; spores MO = 10 μm; spores SEM = 2 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 499 I. alnobetulae sp. nov. I. subrimosa I. intricata I. obtusiuscula I. flavobrunnescens I. hirculus I. phaeocystidiosa 0.03 67/1 99/1 49/0.72 100/1 100/1 98/1 95/1 70/0.97 100/1 62/1 100/1 68/0.97 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 91/1 100/1 56/0.73 100/1 M-0219661 I. mixtilis ET DEU KM873369 EL168-18 I. bidumensis HT SWE OQ572784 RAS439 I. intricata USA MT196948 AH 9154 I. phaeocystidiosa HT ESP KT203789 PAM10082305 I. alnobetulae HT FRA KP641653, KP171101 AH26871 I alnobetulae CHE PQ773489 AH36443 I. occulta HT ESP KX290787 AH 44474 I. subrimosa ESP ON259054 JV12244 I. lacunarum HT FIN KT958908 TAKK1565-5 I. populea PT JPN KT958911 JV30693 I. hirculus FIN MK153643 Stz2827 I. intricata USA MG489953 AH50983 I. occulta ESP ON201510 PAM10082807 I. alnobetulae FRA KP641651, KP171099 EL107-12 I. obtusiuscula SWE OQ572792 PAM02081710 LIP I. obtusiuscula FRA HQ586869 PAM10082808 I. alnobetulae FRA KP641652, KP171100 3223 H I. subrimosa LT FIN ON227436 AH 40466 I. flavobrunnescens HT POR KJ938784 EL177-16 I. bidumensis SWE OQ572785 JV28105 I. lacunarum KT958910 ECM alnus Inocmixt Uncultured I. clone FRA JQ890270 AH 3953 I. phaeocystidiosa ESP MK153640 AH51853 I. mixtilis FRA ON263164 EL440-13 I. flavobrunnescens ESP MK153641 PAM07051802 I. salicis KT958907 958906 I. salicis JV3319 K K51 I. hirculus HT FIN FJ531872 Stz2822 I. intricata MH024844 I. lacunarum I. salicis I. bidumensis cystidia and (sub)heterodiametric spores with lower, obtuse nodules. Inocybe alnobetulae LV NQRZQ VR IDU IURP)UDQFH and Switzerland. According to our study, I. alnobetulae belongs phylogenetically to the Xanthomelas group (Inocybe section Marginatae ZKLFKVSHFLHVVKRZDPDUNHGWHQGHQF\WRGDUNHQ GDUN EURZQLVK WR EODFNLVK  RQ GU\LQJ$OWKRXJK LW DSSHDUV to be in a rather isolated position here, the species (see phylogram) belongs to the group or clade Phaeocystidiosa. Inocybe phaeocystidiosa (= I. salicis-herbaceae), which is a more robust species that can occur up to the alpine zone, grows under conifers and also Salix herbacea in acidic soils, DQG KDV UHPDUNDEOH PDFUR DQG PLFURVFRSLF GLIIHUHQFHV P.-A. Moreau, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, IMT Lille Douai, JUNIA, ULR 4515, – LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Geo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; e-mail: pierre-arthur.moreau@univ-lille.fr F. Esteve-Raventós, Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica). 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: fernando.esteve@uah.es F. Pancorbo, Sociedad Micológica de Madrid, Real Jardín Botánico. C/ Claudio Moyano 1, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: fermin.pancorbo@gmail.com A. Altés, Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica). 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: alberto.altes@uah.es 0RVWOLNHO\WUHHRIWKH0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVRIQRGXORVHVSRUHGVSHFLHVRI;DQWKRPHODVJURXSLQIHUUHGIURPWKH,76DQG/68UHJLRQV JHQHUDWHGE\,475((Y 7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. XVLQJERRWVWUDSUHSOLFDWHV0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGERRWVWUDSYDOXHV 0/%6 • DQG%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV %33 •DUHVKRZQRQWKHWKLFNEUDQFKHVDQGRUGHUHGDV0/%6%337KH%,DQDO\VLVZDV SHUIRUPHGZLWK0U%D\HVYD 5RQTXLVW +XHOVHQEHFN 9RXFKHUQXPEHUVDQGWKHQXFOHRWLGHDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVDUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOO VSHFLHVUHWULHYHGIURP*HQ%DQNDQGJHQHUDWHGLQWKLVVWXG\DVZHOODVFRXQWU\,62DOSKDFRGHDEEUHYLDWLRQV7\SHFROOHFWLRQVDUHLQGLFDWHGLQ superscript by their initials: HT = holotype, ET = epitype, IT = isotype, LT = lectotype and PT = paratype. The tree was rooted with collections of Inocybe mixtilis and I. occulta. The new species described here is embedded in the coloured rectangle. The sequences generated in this study are highlighted in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide changes per site. (Esteve-Raventós & Moreno 1987, Kühner 1988, Armada et al. 2024). Both I. alnea and I. undinea also belong to this JURXSZLWKLQWKH;DQWKRPHODVFODGH7KHVHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN JQ890270 (Roy et al. 2013) was generated from a single ectomycorrhizal root samplings of A. alnobetula, proving the ectomycorrhizal relationship between both organisms, as well as the rarity of I. alnobetulae compared to other A. alnobetulaVSHFL¿F(&0VSHFLHVGHWHFWHGLQWKLVVWXG\7KH sampling site is quite distant from the above-mentioned ORFDOLW\ FROGH OD&URL[GH)HU6DLQW6RUOLQG¶$UYHNP VRXWKIURP$UqFKHV  Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignments). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025500      Inocybe canicularis Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 501 Fungal Planet 1839 MB 857951 Inocybe canicularis Bandini & U. Eberh., sp. nov. Etymology: refers to dogs’ days, because all collections were gathered in summer and in honour of Hündchen. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus 15–50 mm wide, (sub)conical to (sub)campanulate, later conico-convex to expanded, without or with only low ODUJH XPER PDUJLQ DW ¿UVW VOLJKWO\ LQFXUYHG WR GHFXUYHG later straight; young basidiomata with remnants of a whitish velipellis; colour pale yellowish to yellowish-ochraceous, ochraceous-brownish or light brown (Mu 10YR 7/6, 6/6–6/8, ±  0XQVHOO   VRPHWLPHV D OLWWOH VSHFNOHG DQG VRPH EDVLGLRPDWD PXFK GDUNHU EURZQ DW WKH FHQWUH ZLWK age, and therefore strongly bicoloured; surface smooth and glabrous, towards the margin sometimes minutely rim(ul)ose; no remnants of a cortina observed. Lamellae moderately crowded to crowded (ca 50–70), almost free to narrowly DGQDWH VXE YHQWULFRVH DW ¿UVW ZKLWLVK ZLWK RU ZLWKRXW greyish hue, then greyish brownish with or without faint SLQNLVKKXHHGJH¿PEULDWHZKLWLVKWRDOPRVWFRQFRORXURXV Stipe 20–80 × 2–6 mm, straight or slightly curved, base WKLFNHQHG WRPDUJLQDWHEXOERXVJODEURXVZKLWLVK WR IDLQWO\ brownish; pruinose on the entire length of the stipe. Context ZKLWLVK LQ WKH SLOHXV DQG IDLQWO\ SLQNLVK LQ WKH VWLSHSmell (sub)spermatic. Colour of exsiccata pileus nut- brown (Mu 7/5YR 5/4–5/6, 4/4–4/6), lamellae and stipe concolourous or DOLWWOHOLJKWHULQFRORXUQRGDUNHQLQJRUEODFNHQLQJRQGU\LQJ Basidiospores 8.4–12.9 μm (av. 10.2 μm, SD 0.7 μm) × 6.2– 9.8 μm (av. 7.7 μm, SD 0.7 μm); Q = 1.1–1.7 (av. 1.3, SD 0.1) (n = 120 of 3 coll.), nodulose, 8–13 often strongly pronounced nodules with (sub)obtuse apex. Basidia 24–31 × 9–13 μm, generally 4-spored, rarely also 2-spored. Pleurocystidia 30–81 μm (av. 61 μm, SD 10 μm) × 11–20 μm (av. 15 μm, SD 2 μm); Q = 2.0–6.5 (av. 4.2, SD 0.8) (n = 45 of 3 coll.), mostly (sub)cylindrical to (sub)fusiform, sometimes also (sub)utriform or (sub)clavate, without or with short or longer QHFN LQ HDFK FROOHFWLRQ RIWHQ F\VWLGLD ZLWK D GLVWLQFW EHQG near the pedicel, with short or longer pedicel, apex usually crystalliferous, walls up 3.5(–4.5) μm near the apex, often VWURQJO\WKLFNHQLQJWRZDUGVWKHDSH[SDOH\HOORZLVKJUHHQLVK with 3 % KOH. Cheilocystidia similar in size, but somewhat more variable in shape; intermixed with numerous colourless, (sub)clavate, thin-walled cheiloparacystidia. Caulocystidia on entire length of the stipe, 30–90 × 10–20 μm, typically long, undate, subcylindrical, intermixed with much shorter (sub)fusiform, (sub)cylindrical, (sub)utriform or even (sub) FODYDWH F\VWLGLDZLWKRXWZLWK VKRUW RU ORQJHU QHFNZLWKRXW or with only short pedicel, apex usually crystalliferous, walls up 3.5(–4.5) μm near the apex, pale yellowish greenish with 3 % KOH; intermixed with some colourless, (sub)clavate to (sub)ovoid, thin-walled cauloparacystidia. Habitat and distribution: Inocybe canicularis was found on calcareous to more acidic soil with conifers or both conifers and frondose trees. Europe. Typus: Germany %UDQGHQEXUJ 8FNHUPDUN 0LOPHUVGRUI Ahlimbsmühle, TK25 2947/2, 67 m a.s.l., Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, 27 Jul. 2024, D. Bandini, DB27-7-24-2 (holotype STU SMNS-STU-F-0901907, isotype personal collection '%DQGLQL,76/68VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39  Additional material examined: France, Sarthe, Saint-Calais, Lavaré, on calcareous sandy soil, Quercus sp. among other frondose trees and conifers, 20 Jun. 2018, F.-X. Boutard (STU SMNS-STU-F-0901910, double personal collection DB20-6-18-2-Boutard). Germany, Bayern, Rottal-Inn, Simbach, TK25 7744/1, alt. 335 m, Picea abies, 12 Aug. 2014, D. Bandini, J. Christan & L. Quecke, DB12-8-14-16 (STU SMNS-STU-F-0901909, double personal collection D. %DQGLQL,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN39 %UDQGHQEXUJ 8FNHUPDUN 0LOPHUVGRUI $KOLPEVPKOH 7.  DOW 67 m, at some distance from holotype collection, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, 27 Jul. 2024, D. Bandini, DB27-7-24-4 (STU SMNS-STU-F-0901908, double SHUVRQDOFROOHFWLRQ'%DQGLQL,76/68VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN PV245926). Notes: Inocybe canicularis differs from I. margaritispora: HJ E\ PRUH PRWWOHG DQG PRUH GLVWLQFWO\ VSHFNOHG SLOHXV FRORXU ZLWKRXW GLVWLQFWO\ GDUNHU FHQWUH ZLWK DJH VPDOOHU spores, and on av. shorter hymenial cystidia without typical bend near the pedicel; from I. nobilis: e.g. by often almost beige pileus colour, often (sub)utriform hymenial cystidia not typically bent towards the pedicel, and shorter, not long undate subcylindrical caulocystidia. Inocybe phaeosticta can be distinguished, e.g. by smaller spores, and larger, mostly ventricose (sub)utriform pleurocystidia not typically bent towards the pedicel and I. pseudohiulca HJ E\GDUNHU XS to chestnut-brown pileus colour, greyish velipellis, larger spores, and usually not (sub)cylindrical hymenial cystidia typically bent near the pedicel. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database accessed 4 Mar. 2025, the closest ITS sequence hits and ordered by Max Score were from I. pseudohiulca and I. kohistanensis and showed similarities from 85.2–83.7 %. For the LSU, the closest hits were 96.2 % and lower for species from the I. nobilis clade (see Fig. 1) and from 94.6 % or lower for species from other clades, starting with members of the I. praetervisa group. The BLAST results show clearly that I. canicularis is different from all sequenced species. To further explore the position of I. canicularis within the genus, for BLAST matches from described taxa, ITS-LSU sequences were selected that were either from types, > 99 % matches to type ITS sequences or stemmed from collections PRUSKRORJLFDOO\YHUL¿HGE\XV)RUPRVWVSHFLHVLQFOXGHGLQ WKH DQDO\VLV HLWKHU W\SHPDWHULDO ZDV DYDLODEOH RU MXGJLQJ IURP*HQ%DQNVHTXHQFHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQVWD[RQRPLVWVDJUHHG on the interpretation of species names. The concept of I. Colour illustrations*HUPDQ\%UDQGHQEXUJ8FNHUPDUN0LOPHUVGRUI Ahlimbsmühle, mixed forest. Type collection in situ; Drawing: spores (Sp), caulocystidia (Ca), cheilocystidia (Ch), cauloparacystidia (Cpa), cheiloparacystidia (Pa) and pleurocystidia (Pl) (photos and drawing credit: D. Bandini). Scale bars: all others = 50 μm; spores = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025502 0.03 97.5/98 100/100 97.2/99 99.9/100 100/100 100/100 97.6/99 98.3/100 90.1/– 99.7/100 92.9/– 100/100 98/100 97.6/97 100/100 Inocybe praetervisa* KY033785 Inocybe tenuiorparietalis* PQ641267 Inocybe lemmi* MG574394 Inocybe decemgibbosa* KY033847 Inocybe rivularis* KY033803 Inocybe canicularis PV245926 Inocybe arctica* KY033843 Inocybe favrei* KY033796 Inocybe pseudohiulca* ON844187 Inocybe nobilis OP164028 Inocybe tabacina HQ586865 Inocybe javorkae* OP164078 Inocybe tiliae* OP164070 Inocybe canicularis* PV245925 Inocybe phaeosticta HQ586873 Inocybe decipiens OP164018 Inocybe mixtilis* AM882836 Inocybe canicularis PV245927 Inocybe sepiana* OP164056 Inocybe oblectabilis* ON754370 Inocybe fibrosoides AM882827 Inocybe margaritispora PV245928 Inocybe margaritispora ss. auct. KT203786 Inocybe robertii* ON754365 Inocybe velata* OP164085 Inocybe dunensis OP164019 Inocybe kohistanensis* KP31624 Inocybe pseudohiulca OP164082 I. praetervisa clade "clade B" ss. Esteve-Raventós et al. (2016) I. nobilis clade I. decipiens clade margaritisporaVVWU*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHU39 adopted here was based on the morphological study of the holotype (K!). We (Bandini et al. 2022a, but see Esteve- Raventós et al. 2022a) consider I. piceae as a synonym of I. pseudohiulca. The selected sequences were analysed together with different combinations of taxa and outgroups. As these analyses did not converge towards a consensus on infrageneric relationships, the phylogenetic tree presented KHUHVKRZV WKHSDUWVRI WKH WUHHFORVH WR WKHEDFNERQH IRU which various tree building attempts had contradictory results as dashed lines, irrespective of support values in the analysis VHOHFWHG IRU WKLV ¿JXUH 7KH WUHH LV XQURRWHG XVLQJ WKH ORQJHVWSDWKEHWZHHQDQ\ WZR WLSVDVEDFNERQH+RZHYHU 0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGSK\ORJUDPREWDLQHGIURPDMAFFT (v. 7.526, Katoh et al. DOLJQPHQWDQGDQDO\VHGE\,475((Y 7UL¿QRSRXORV et al. 2016, Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Hoang et al. 2018) based on ITS and LSU data, showing the position of Inocybe canicularis within the I. decipiensFODGH6HTXHQFHVDUHLGHQWL¿HGE\*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV6XSSRUWYDOXHVZHUHREWDLQHGIURPUHSOLFDWHVRI6+OLNH DSSUR[LPDWHOLNHOLKRRGUDWLRWHVWV 6+D/57 DQGXOWUDIDVWERRWVWUDS XIE 6XSSRUWYDOXHV•ZHUHJLYHQIRU6+D/57DQG•IRUXIE LQGLFDWHW\SHVHTXHQFHVRUVHTXHQFHVWKDWPDWFKHGWKHUHVSHFWLYHW\SHVHTXHQFHZLWK•VLPLODULW\%/$67VHDUFKHV)RUVSHFLHVQDPHV without * we were not aware of published type sequences. The clade of the new species is indicated in yellow. Names of species discussed as similar are indicated in blue. D. Bandini, Panoramastr. 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany; e-mail: ditte.bandini@gmx.de 8(EHUKDUGW6WDDWOLFKHV0XVHXPI1DWXUNXQGH6WXWWJDUW6WXWWJDUW*HUPDQ\HPDLOXUVXODHEHUKDUGW#VPQVEZGH all of the analyses supported a species clade for I. canicularis with (close to) 100 % support for both support methods, as part of a “I. decipiens clade” (see phylogemetic tree), with VXSSRUWRI FORVHWR /LNHZLVHERWKVXEFODGHVIURP what is termed “clade B” in the tree were retrieved with (near) 100 % support in all analyses, but not “clade B” itself. In summary, for I. nobilis and I. pseudohiulca, the morphological similarities with I. canicularis could be explained by common (infrageneric) phylogenetic descend. The overall similarity between I. canicularis and I. margaritispora and I. phaeosticta is not readily explained phylogenetically. Supplementary material: doi: 10.57754/FDAT.dc6m3-yhx67 (Sequence table, alignments and additional ML tree results). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 503 Inocybe islandica Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025504 Etymology: Refers to Iceland where the type was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus 8–28 mm diam, hemispherical to convex, sometimes with an obtuse and broad umbo, later plano-convex to plane with or without a broad umbo, as young with slightly incurved margin, later plane to decurved, sometimes with uplifted and somewhat undulate margin, dry, rather uniformly coloured \HOORZLVK RFKUDFHRXV EURZQ WR EURZQ VPRRWK WR ¿QHO\ ¿EULOORVHUDGLDOO\ULPXORVHVXEULPRVHPDUJLQZLWKDJHULPRVH DQGEUHDNLQJXSYHOLSHOOLVIURVW\ZKLWLVKIXJDVFLRXVLamellae up to 3.5 mm broad, moderately crowded, interspersed with ODPHOOXODH /  ± DGQDWH WR DGQH[HG ¿UVW EXII ZKLWH with a yellowish tint, later pale ochraceous brown to brown, edge concolourous. Stipe 15–30 × 2–4 mm, cylindrical with VXEPDUJLQDWHO\WRPDUJLQDWHO\EXOERXVEDVH¿UVWSDOHZKLWH buff, longitudinally striate, with age yellowish ochraceous brown with white stipe base, pruinose over the entire length, more dens at apex. Cortina not observed. Smell indistinct to ZHDNO\VSHUPDWLFBasidiospores (8.2–)9.0–9.4–9.6(–11.0) × (4.9–)5.5–5.6–5.7(–6.2) μm, n = 58, Q = 1.52–1.78, Q av. = 1.66, smooth, ovoid to subamygdaliform, often with suprahilar depression, some with obtuse apical papilla, small distinct apiculus, pale ochraceous brown. Basidia 27–31–34 × 9–10– 11 μm, n = 25, clavate, 4-spored, a few 2-spored, hyaline, sterigmata 4.6–5.8 μm long. Pleurocystidia 50–59–70 × 11–14–18 μm, Q mean = 4.3, n = 60, lageniform, utriform to IXVLIRUPZLWKWUXQFDWHEDVHRUSHGLFHOWKLFNZDOOHGZDOOXS WR —P WKLFN K\DOLQH WR SDOH \HOORZLVK LQ.2+VROXWLRQ Cheilocystidia 36–47–62 × 9–14–20 μm, n = 47, similar to pleurocystidia but more variable and on average shorter, with rounded base truncate-variable to pedicellate, paracystidia rather abundant, pyriform to subglobose 19–25–32 × 10–14– ȝPQ Caulocystidia over the entire length, similar to pleurocystidia, 31–54–71 × 9–15–18 μm, n = 60, hyaline to pale yellowish in KOH solution. Cauloparacystidia pyriform to subglobose 17–23–34 × 8–11–16 μm, n = 44. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel interwoven hyphae 3.5–7.4 μm wide. Pileipellis a cutis formed of parallel interwoven hyphae 5–17 ȝP ZLGH FRQVWULFWHG DW VHSWD ZLWK \HOORZLVK RFKUDFHRXV brown pigments. Clamp connections frequent. Ecology and distribution: The species is found in the arctic- alpine zone growing associated with Dryas octopetala in more rich habitats and seems to be favoured by calcareous ground. The two collections were both sporulating in mid- August. Known from Iceland and Sweden. Blast search of 1&%,V *HQ%DQN DQG WKH 81,7( GDWDEDVH UHFRYHUHG QR additional data, suggesting the species to be rare. Typus: Iceland$XVWXUODQG-|NXOGDOVYHJXU+UDIQNHOVGDO$èDOEyO 65.01428 N, 15.58148 E, subarctic vegetation grazed by sheep, in matt of Dryas octopetala, 21 Aug. 2024, E. Larsson & M. Jeppson, EL74-24 (holotype *% ,76/68 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN PV162798); ibid., isotype AMNH, FA-19820). Additional materials examined: Sweden 7RUQH ODSSPDUN -XNNDVMlUYLDERXWNP:6:RI-LHEUHQMRNNDOSLQHDUHDRQ calcareous ground, associated with Dryas octopetala and Salix reticulata, 10 Aug. 2017, E. Larsson, EL10-17 (GB-0207714; ,76 VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN 39 Collection studied for comparison: Inocybe monticola. USA, Utha, Cache Co., &DFKH1DWLRQDO)RUHVW%HDYHU0RXQWDLQVNLDUHDRQJURXQG LQDVXEDOSLQH¿U ORGJHSROHSLQHDQGDVSHQFRPPXQLW\ Jun. 1998, B.R. Kropp (UTC-00248120 holotype; ITS-LSU VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN.- Inocybe ohenojae. Canada, 1RUWKZHVW7HUULWRULHV'LVWULFW RI)UDQNOLQ0HOYLOOH3HQLVXOD 5HSXOVH%D\RQKXPPRFNLQDryas integrifolia and Salix sp. Vegetation, 2 Aug. 1974, E. & M. Ohenoja (OULU holotype; ,76/68 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 15B  Svalbard and Jan Mayen6YDOEDUG1RUGHQVNL|OG/DQG5HYQHVHWDUFWLF tundra with Salix polaris, 12 Aug. 2015, E. Larsson, EL72-  ,76/68 VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 39  Inocybe subpaleacea. France, Savoie, Parc National de la Vanoise, plan de Bellecombe, with Helianthemum, Dryas and Salix serphyllifolia, 30 Aug. 1973, Kühner, 73-346 (G-0052223 type ,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN15B Sweden, Lule ODSSPDUN-RNNPRNN3DGMHODQWD1DWLRQDO3DUN6YiWLQMXQMHV alpine area on calcareous ground with Dryas octopetala, 19 Aug. 2016, E. Larsson, EL266-16 (ITS-LSU sequence *HQ%DQN39  Notes: Inocybe islandica is a small yellowish to ochraceous EURZQVSHFLHVZLWKVPRRWKWR¿QHO\ULPXORVHSLOHXVFRPSOHWH pruinose stipe and submaginate bulbous base. It has smooth VSRUHVPHWXORLGVDQGODFNVDFRUWLQDZKLFKSODFHVLW LQWKH supersection Marginatae and with the group that has smooth spores, section Splendentes (Stangl 1989). The closest PDWFKZKHQEODVWLQJ WKH ,76VHTXHQFH LQ*HQ%DQN LVZLWK I. monticola   VLPLODULW\ *HQ%DQN .-  DQG it also comes out as the sister species in the phylogeny. Inocybe monticola was described by Kropp et al. (2010) IURPD VXEDOSLQH ¿U ORGJHSROH SLQH DQG DVSHQ FRPPXQLW\ in Utha. It is similar in habitus and morphological characters but has a more reddish-brown pileus and based on available data it seems to be restricted to North America. Another closely related species is I. ohenojae described by Larsson et al. (2014) based on a specimen from the arctic tundra in Canada, Northwest Territories, associated with Dryas. Later it has also been found on Svalbard associated with Salix polaris *HQ%DQN39 EXWLVVRIDUQRWIRXQGRQ,FHODQGRULQ Fennoscandia. It differs from I. islandica by having dirty grey EURZQSLOHXVDQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\WKLFNZDOOHGDQGODUJHUVSRUHV Inocybe subpaleacea is a species that is found in the alpine zone in Europe and often growing associated with Dryas on calcareous ground (Kühner 1988, Larsson et al. 2014). It can cooccur with I. islandica and is similar in morphological characters, but the pileus is usually more umbonate and Fungal Planet 1840 MB 857857 Inocybe islandica E. Larss., sp. nov. Colour illustrations: Inocybe islandica in subarctic habitat from the W\SH ORFDOLW\ LQ +UDIQNHOVGDO $èDOEyO ,FHODQG ,Q VLWX basidiomata of the holotype (GB-0207713); photos of the hymenium with pleurocystidia, cheilocystidia, caulocystidia and basidiospores. Scale bars: pleuro, caulo- and cheilocystidia = 20 μm; spores = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 505 9.0 Inocybe monticola HQ604168 Inocybe cf leiocephala KJ399910 Inocybe ohenojae KJ399955 Inocybe lindrothii KJ399915 - Epitype Inocybe subpaleacea NR_153138 - Holotype Inocybe roseobulbipes OQ300079 Inocybe pararubens MW845925 Inocybe monticola KJ538547 - Holotype Inocybe cf. glabripes AM882794 Inocybe subbrunnea KJ399939 Inocybe roseobulbipes NR_198384 - Holotype Inocybe islandica EL10/17 PV162797 Inocybe leiocephala KJ399884 - Holotype Inocybe subpaleacea KJ399950 Inocybe ohenojae NR_153137 - Holotype Inocybe islandica EL74/24 PV162798 - Holotype Inocybe tjallingiorum KJ399957 100 73 95 100 97 100 100 97 50 85 100 100 100 KDVDGDUNHURFKUDFHRXVEURZQFRORXUDQG WKHVSRUHVDUH somewhat larger. All the discussed species must be regarded DVUDUHRUPD\EHRYHUORRNHGDVWKH\DUHOLYLQJLQDUFWLFDOSLQH environments. E. Larsson, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 463, SE40530 Göteborg, Sweden; e-mail: ellen.larsson@bioenv.gu.se Phylogram obtained using PAUP v. 4.0a (Swofford 2003) based on ITS and LSU data showing the position of I. islandica among its closest relatives. Heuristic searches with 1000 random-addition sequence replicates and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping were performed. Relative robustness of clades was assessed by the bootstrap method using 1000 heuristic search replicates with 100 random taxon addition sequence replicates and TBR branch swapping. Bootstrap support values are indicated on branches. Inocybe islandica LVPDUNHGLQ boldDQGDFRORXUHGEORFNWKHKRORW\SHLVLQGLFDWHG Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH v1 (alignment and tree). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025506 Inocybe minata Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 507 Fungal Planet 1841 MB 857365 Inocybe minata Bandini, Ayer, I. Saar, Vauras & E. Larss., sp. nov. Etymology: From Latin minata = threatened, endangered, because the species is rare, and its habitat is endangered. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus ±PPGLDP ¿UVW FRQLFDO WR FRQYH[ ODWHU SODQR convex to applanate, without or with an obtuse and low XPER PDUJLQ GHÀH[HG VWUDLJKW WR XSOLIWHG ODWHU RIWHQ slightly depressed around the umbo, as young rather XQLIRUPO\ EURZQ WR GDUN EURZQ ZLWK DJH RIWHQ EODFNLVK EURZQDWFHQWUHDQGSDOHUEURZQDWPDUJLQ¿UVWVPRRWK WR ¿QHO\ ¿EULOORVH ZLWK DJH VXETXDUURVH WR GHSUHVVHG VFDO\ RXWZDUGVUDGLDOO\¿EULOORVHWRULPRVHZKHQ\RXQJZLWKZKLWLVK velipellis at margin, cortina not observed. Lamellae up to 3 mm broad, distant to moderately crowded, interspersed with lamellulae, adnexed, some with decurrent tooth, ventricose, ¿UVW SDOH EHLJH ODWHU SDOH EURZQ WR EURZQ HGJH XQHYHQ concolourous or somewhat paler. Stipe 24–45 × 1.5–2.5 mm, equal cylindrical, often bending, slightly boulbous base, pale reddish-brown to ochraceous-brown, with age even EODFNLVK EURZQ VWLSH EDVH SDOHZKLWLVK SUXLQRVH RYHU WKH HQWLUHOHQJWKORQJLWXGLQDOO\ZKLWH¿EULOORVHJODEURXV&RQWH[W whitish in pileus and stipe. Smell acidulous. Basidiospores (8.0–)8.6–9.2–10.0(–10.6) × (5.2–)5.5–5.8± ± ȝPRQ DYHUDJH±î±ȝP4 ±4DY  smooth (n = 80 / N = 4), subamygdaliform, apex subobtuse, pale ochraceous brown. Basidia 20–24–30 × 8–9±ȝP Q  47 / N = 3), clavate, mainly 4-spored, hyaline. Pleurocystidia (46–)50–58–67(–81) × (12–)13–17± ± ȝPRQDYHUDJH ±î±ȝP4PHDQ  Q 1  IXVLIRUP to subutriform, without or with only short pedicel, with crystals DQGPLFURFU\VWDOVXQGHU WKHFURZQRIFU\VWDOV WKLFNZDOOHG XS WRȝPSDOH\HOORZWR\HOORZ LQ1+4OH. Cheilocystidia (34–)39–45–51(–57) × (10–)12–15± ± ȝP Q 1  3), similar to pleurocystidia but more variable and on average shorter, mixed with hyaline, pyriform to clavate paracystidia 13–19–25 × 9–11±ȝP Q 1  Caulocystidia over the entire length, similar to pleurocystidia but more variable, 40–53–66 × 13–15± ±  ȝP Q    1    K\DOLQH Cauloparacystidia 14–19–24 × 10–12±ȝP Q 1  2), subsphaerical to pyriform. Clamp connections frequent. Ecology and distribution: Inocybe minata occurs in mixed moist forests, growing solitary or gregarious, on both acid and more rich soils associated with Alnus incana, Betula, Salix and Picea abies, sporulating from late August to 6HSWHPEHU6RIDUVSHFLPHQVRQO\NQRZQIURP)LQODQGDQG 6ZLW]HUODQG%ODVWVHDUFKRI1&%,V*HQ%DQNDQGWKH81,7( database recovered only one ITS from Estonia based on soil DNA (UDB0321575), suggesting the species to be rare or RYHUORRNHG Typus: Switzerland, Fribourg/Freiburg, La Verrerie, Le Crêt, 7RXUELqUH GX &UrW °N, 6.92805722°E, Salix sp. and Betula sp., bog, peat soil, very wet, 16 Sep. 2019, F. Ayer (holotype 78),76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN3981,7( UDB07676405; isotype DB16-9-19-Ayer). Additional material examined: Finland, Kainuu, Paltamo, 0HODODKWL 1DWXUH 5HVHUYH (OOXNDQODKGHQ OHKWR  QHDU WKH HQG RI (OOXNND ED\ 1 (  P DVO PLGGOH ERUHDO ]RQH LQ IRUHVW FORVH WR ODNH VKRUH RQPRLVW somewhat calcareous soil, near Salix bushes, Salix caprea, Alnus incana, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula, 1 Sep. 2018, J. Vauras, JV32664 (TUR-A 208003; ITS-LSU VHTXHQFH *HQ%DQN 39  (WHOl+lPH 2ULYHVL ĞƉƚŽĐLJďĞ ͬpseudoasterospora SUBCLADE 100/98 97/97 100/100 98/- 95/- 0RVWOLNHO\WUHHRIWKH0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG 0/ DQDO\VLVRIInocybe sect. Leptocybe species (sequences retrieved from the dataset used in Gao et al. 2024) inferred from the ITS/RPB2UHJLRQVJHQHUDWHGE\,475((Y 7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. 2016). The reliability of the clades ZDV HYDOXDWHG XVLQJ WKH 6+OLNH DSSUR[LPDWH OLNHOLKRRG UDWLR WHVW ZLWK  UHSOLFDWHV  *XLQGRQ et al. 2010) and the ultrafast bootstrap approximation (UFB) (also with 1000 replicates) (Hoang et al.  6+OLNHDSSUR[LPDWH OLNHOLKRRG UDWLR WHVW 6+D/57 • DQG0/ XOWUDIDVWERRWVWUDSVXSSRUW 0/8%6 •DUHVKRZQDERYHEUDQFKHV9RXFKHUQXPEHUVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVDUHLQGLFDWHGLQ the tree ITS/RPB2. The tree was rooted to Inocybe acuta (DB24-8-15-7) and Inocybe subentolomospora is highlighted with bold font. F. Dovana, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; e-mail: francesco.dovana@uniba.it D. Bandini, Panoramastr. 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany; e-mail: Ditte.Bandini@gmx.de G. L. Maraia, Via della Speranza 6, I-37069, Villafranca di Verona (VR), Italy; e-mail: gian1973.gm@gmail.com A. Tacconi, Via Olimpia 28, 37069, Bussolengo (VR), Italy; Antacco@gmail.com A. Vizzini, Via S. Pietro d’Ollesia 13b, 10053 Bussoleno (TO), Italy; e-mail: alfredovizzini922@gmail.com ± î ± ȝP  RI GLIIHUHQW VKDSH DQG QRGXORVH DQJXODUVWHOODWH ZLWK ± SURPLQHQW FRQLFDO SURMHFWLRQV basidiospores (Gao et al.   2Q ¿UVW IHZ WKH VSHFLHV PLJKW EHPLVWDNHQ IRU I. pseudoasterospora. However, the spores of this species are always clearly nodulose, and they are wider on average, thus have a smaller Q-value. Furthermore, the pileus of I. pseudoasterospora often shows DQ DOPRVW EODFNLVK FHQWUHZLWK RQO\ YHU\ IDLQW UHPQDQWV RI a velipellis, its surface is generally smoother, and it is to be IRXQGLQDGLIIHUHQWKDELWDWRIWHQSDUNOLNHWHUUDLQ .KQHU  Boursier 1932, Esteve-Raventós & Caballero 2009). Inocybe perlucida, the former I. pseudoasterospora var. mycenoides can easily be distinguished from I. subentolomospora by its almost translucent pileus surface which reminds those of most Mycena species, wider angular-stellate basidiospores >± ±  î ± ±  ȝP@, slightly shorter hymenial cystidia ± ȝP and growth in association with Picea abies (Ferrari 2006, Bandini et al. 2020). Supplementary material: TreeBASE study S32061 (alignment and tree). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 515 Inocybe subporcorum Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025516 Fungal Planet 1844 MB 857036 Inocybe subporcorum Esteve-Rav. & Pancorbo, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after Inocybe porcorum due to its morphological similarity. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata agaricoid and stipitate. Pileus 15–25 mm, initially convex to plano-convex, becoming applanate or shallowly and broadly umbonate; margin straight to irregular or wavy when extended; colour generally uniform, tobacco- brown, deer-brown to snuff brown or avellaneous (Mu 7.5YR ௅௅0XQVHOO VXUIDFHGU\EXWRIWHQVOLP\RU VWLFN\ LQZHWZHDWKHUDQGDJJOXWLQDWLQJVRLOGHEULVVPRRWK RFFDVLRQDOO\ODFHUDWHGWRZDUGVWKHFHQWUHUDGLDOO\¿EULOORVH margin sometimes subrimulose, not or hardly hygrophanous. Velipellis white, not very conspicuous, but present in young VSHFLPHQVHVSHFLDOO\RQWKHPDUJLQRIWKHSLOHXVÀHHWLQJLQ rainy weather and on old specimens. Lamellae moderately distant (L = 36–40); l = 1–2, 4–6 mm wide, adnexed to narrowly adnate, rather ventricose, initially pale grey, then beige to RFKUDFHRXV¿QDOO\SDOHEURZQHGJHZKLWHRUSDOHU¿PEULDWH WR¿QHO\FUHQXODWHStipe±î±PP¿UPVWUDLJKWRU sometimes curved towards the base, cylindrical to hardly enlarged towards the base, rarely attenuated; colour initially white to dirty white or pale ochraceous, in some specimens ZLWK D SDOH SLQN WRQH RU UHÀHFWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ WRZDUGV WKH DSH[ VXUIDFH XQLIRUP VPRRWK WR ¿QHO\ RU VSDUVHO\ ZKLWH ¿EULOORVH ORQJLWXGLQDOO\ ¿EULOORVH WRKDUGO\ ÀRFFRQRVHDW WKH very extreme apex. Cortina present in very young specimens, ephemeral. Context¿UP¿EURXVZKLWLVKWRSDOHRFKUDFHRXV DWSLOHXVDQGVWLSHEDVHVRPHWLPHVSDOHSLQNLVKRFKUDFHRXV at the upper stipe cortex. Smell subspermatic when cut. Spores (8.8–)9.5–10.8–12.1(–13.7) × (6.2–)6.6–7.4–8.4(– 9.5) μm, Q = (1.08–)1.24–1.40–1.68(–1.99) (n = 360 / N = 3), angular-polygonal outline or with few small, low nodules. Basidia (28.4–)30.2–38.1–44.1(–46.0) × (8.8–)9.3–11.5– 13.5(–15.1) μm, Q = (2.40–)2.76–3.30–4.04(–4.99) (n = 86 / N = 2), 4-spored, some 2-spored, clavate, sterigmata 4–9 μm long. Lamellar edge almost sterile, with abundant, hyaline cheilocystidia mixed with sparse, thin-walled claviform paracystidia. Pleurocystidia (49.6–)54.3–71.2–86.6(–93.2) × (6.7–)10.7–16.0–20.0(–23.2) μm, Q = (2.96–)3.28–4.50– 5.91(–9.95), (n = 124/ N = 3), elongated metuloid, usually VXEF\OLQGULFDOVXEXWULIRUPVXEIXVLIRUPDV\PPHWULFÀH[XRVH in outline, mostly with a crystalliferous apex, thin-walled (0.64–)0.71–0.90± ±  —P WKLFN ZHDNO\ \HOORZLVK in aqueous ammonia solutions. Cheilocystidia (44.5–)49.9– 65.8–83.2(–91.7) × (10.0–)11.2–14.8–19.1(–21.4) μm, Q = (2.61–)3.26–4.50–6.31(–7.09) (n = 129 / N = 2), similar in morphology and size to pleurocystidia. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel hyphae 3–7 μm wide, with brownish intracellular and epiparietal pigment. Caulocystidia only present at the apex of the stipe, subcylindrical, some curved at the top, mostly with corpuscular intracellular pigmentation (28.8– )40.2–57.0–82.9(–100.1) × (6.3–)7.0–9.4–12.2(–17.0) μm, Q: (3.59–)4.00–6.10–9.57(–10.57) (n = 66 / N = 3) becoming caulocystidioid hairs downwards. Clamp connections abundant. Habitat and distribution: All the collections studied come from the Iberian Peninsula and have been found in supra- 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ IRUHVWV DOZD\V ZLWK RDNV Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Q. faginea, Fagaceae), very often with the presence of various species of Cistaceae (Cistus, Halimium, Helianthemum) and Juniperus thurifera (Cupressaceae) in the high “parameras”; it inhabits clay soils in areas with slightly acidic ph. These data suggest that it is a species with DPDUNHGO\0HGLWHUUDQHDQFKDUDFWHUSUREDEO\FRQIXVHGZLWK other similar taxa. Typus: Spain, Aragón, Teruel, Mora de Rubielos, El Casal, ƒ¶´1ƒ¶´:PDVOLQVDQG\VRLOVXQGHUQuercus ilex subsp. ballota (Fagaceae) and Pinus pinaster (Pinaceae), 22 Dec. 2022, E. Suárez (holotype AH 56244, isotype HHTSG 1860; ,76/68VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Additional materials examined: Spain, Basque Country, ÈODYD2UELVRƒ¶´1ƒ¶´:PDVOJUDVV\ sandy area between Quercus ilex subsp. ballota with Cistus salviifolius (Cistaceae) and Mediterranean scrub in siliceous soil, 10 Nov. 2011, A. Caballero (AH 40305; ITS-LSU sequence *HQ%DQN 34  &DVWLOOD/D 0DQFKD *XDGDODMDUD 0DUDQFKyQ &RGHV ƒ¶´1 ƒ¶´:  P a.s.l., in Juniper grove moorland (‘’paramera’’), slightly acidic soils containing an open bushland with Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) and diverse Cistaceae (Helianthemum sp., Fumana sp  DQG VRPH VSDUVH3RUWXJXHVH RDNV Quercus faginea, Fagaceae) and 6SDQLVK MXQLSHUV Juniperus thurifera, Cupressaceae) nearby, 18 Nov. 1990, V. González & F. Esteve-Raventós (AH 24480; ITS-LSU sequence *HQ%DQN34  Notes: Terminology follows Vellinga (1988) and Kuyper (1986). Inocybe subporcorum is a Mediterranean species, taxonomically placed in the Giacomi and Proximella group (section Cortinatae, subsection Cortinatae, lineage Boltonii, according to Bon 1998). It is phylogenetically close to I. subdecipiens, I. proximella, I. giacomi and I. halimiphila. Due to its close macro- and microscopic characters, it could be confused mainly with I. subdecipiens, an earlier species that was proposed but not validated by Bresadola (1934), but ZKRVHQDPHQRZWDNHVSUHIHUHQFHRYHU WKHPRUHUHFHQW I. porcorum .RNNRQHQ  9DXUDV   DFFRUGLQJ WR UHFHQW taxonomic-phylogenetic studies by Cervini et al. (2024). The latter authors have also shown that I. hypervelata (Cervini & Bizio 2005), is a later synonym of I. subdecipiens. Inocybe subporcorum is characterised by its small to medium size, the uniform brownish colour of the pileus, FRQWUDVWLQJ ZLWK WKH ZKLWLVK VRPHWLPHV SLQNLVK RQ WRS  RI Colour illustrations: Habitat of Inocybe subporcorum on siliceous soil in the proximity of Quercus ilex and Pinus pinaster in Mora de Rubielos, Spain at 1050 m altitude, the type locality. In situ basidiomata of the holotype (AH 56244); from bottom to top: photos of SEM basidiospores (AH 24480); OM basidiospores; pleurocystidia; cheilocystidia; caulocystidia in the upper part of the stipe. Scale bars: basidiomata = 10 mm; cystidia = 50 μm; OM spores = 10 μm; SEM spores = 2 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 517 the stipe and, above all, microscopically by its somewhat variable cystidia, generally subcylindrical to fusiform with rounded apex, often long pedicellate and, especially, by the YHU\WKLQZDOOVWKDWDUHEDUHO\PRUHWKDQ—PWKLFN7KLVODVW FKDUDFWHULVWLF WRJHWKHUZLWK WKH YHU\ OLJKW SLQNLVK WRQHV RQ WKHVWHPDQGLWVKDELWDWLQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQHFRV\VWHPVPDNHV it recognisable, growing in forests of the evergreen species Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) in washed and slightly acid soils. In our phylogenetic study, Inocybe subdecipiens (= I. porcorum) share 96.8 % ITS similarity with I. subporcorum. With respect to its spores, I. subporcorum shows a polygonal and subrectangular outline with the presence of small, low and obtuse nodules (7–12), hardly exceeding 0RVWOLNHO\WUHHRIWKH0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG 0/ DQDO\VLVRIQRGXORVHVSRUHGVSHFLHVRI*LDFRPLDQG3UR[LPHOODJURXSLQIHUUHGIURPWKH,76 DQG/68UHJLRQVJHQHUDWHGE\,475((Y 7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. XVLQJERRWVWUDSUHSOLFDWHV0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGERRWVWUDS YDOXHV 0/%6 •DQG%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV %33 •DUHVKRZQRQWKHWKLFNEUDQFKHVDQGRUGHUHGDV0/%6%337KH%, DQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGZLWK0U%D\HVYD 5RQTXLVW +XHOVHQEHFN 9RXFKHUQXPEHUVDQGWKHQXFOHRWLGHDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVDUH LQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHVUHWULHYHGIURP*HQ%DQNDQGJHQHUDWHGLQWKLVVWXG\DVZHOODVFRXQWU\,62DOSKDFRGHDEEUHYLDWLRQV7\SHFROOHFWLRQV are indicated in superscript: HT = holotype. The tree was rooted with sequences of Inocybe glabrodisca, I. goniopusio and I. pseudoasterospora. The new species described here is embedded in the coloured rectangle. The sequences generated in this study are highlighted in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide changes per site. F. Esteve-Raventós, Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica). 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: fernando.esteve@uah.es F. Pancorbo, Sociedad Micológica de Madrid, Real Jardín Botánico. C/ Claudio Moyano 1, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: fermin.pancorbo@gmail.com A. Altés, Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica). 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: alberto.altes@uah.es E. Suárez, C/ Rosario, 26 bis, E-44003 Teruel, Spain; e-mail: electrologo@telefonica.net 1-1.2 microns in height. Inocybe subdecipiens and I. giacomi have very similar spores, but different from those of Inocybe proximella and I. halimiphila (Sanna et al. 2024), the latter being fusiform in appearance, without nodules, and sharing similar habitats under Cistaceae in Mediterranean ecosystems. Inocybe giacomi, with similar heterodiametrical spores to I. subporcorum, differs in the different morphology RI LWVF\VWLGLDZLWKWKLFNHUF\VWLGLDOZDOOVVSRUHVZLWKIHZHU and less distinct nodules or even with a subangulose outline, and prefers more continental to colder habitats, also reaching WKHERUHDODQGDOSLQHOHYHOV .RNNRQHQ 9DXUDV  Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment). AH 40305 I. subporcorum ESP PQ773491 AH 40449 I. halimiphila ESP PQ896719 AH 56244 I. subporcorum HT ESP PQ773490 M-0020800 I. goniopusio HT DEU MK584747 AH 40447 I. halimiphila ESP PQ896715 SJ88043O I. pseudoasterospora SWE AM882921 AMB18925 I. glabrodisca ITA OP481966 K27 I. proximella HT FIN JN580840 AH 56849 I. proximella ESP PQ900187 AH 56179 I. giacomi ESP PQ900183 AH 30711 I. proximella ESP PQ900185 AH 40425 I. subdecipiens ESP PQ900190 AH 40451 I. halimiphila ESP PQ896716 AH 56369 I. aurea ESP PQ900182 CAG B/5.6.4 I. halimiphila HT ITA PP941799, PP941805 AH 24480 I. subporcorum ESP PQ773492 AH26987 I. subdecipiens ESP PQ900188 EL327-19 I. halimiphila 20099 FRA PQ870198 EL80-12 I. giacomi NOR MK153657 JV29938 I. subgiacomi HT SWE MK153665 EL14206 I. aurea SWE FN550877 AH 40448 I. halimiphila ESP PQ896718 AH 46552 I. subdecipiens ESP PQ896721 AH 30710 I. proximella ESP PQ900186 AH 56115 I. subdecipiens ESP PQ900192 EL328-19 I. halimiphila 20100 FRA PQ870199 AH 30709 I. subdecipiens ESP PQ900189 348 Inocybe sp. ESP MN663131 AH 22124 I. proximella ESP PQ900184 AH 51821 I. subgiacomi ESP PQ896706 AH 41479 I. halimiphila ESP PQ896720 K49 I. porcorum HT FIN JN580863 MCVE 1010 I. hypervelata HT ITA OK086718 AH 56113 I. subdecipiens ESP PQ900191 TRMICB0352 I. subdecipiens HT ITA OP730889 I. subporcorum sp. nov. I. subdecipiens I. aurea I. giacomi I. subgiacomi I. halimiphila I. proximella 0.02 94/1 46/0.78 89/1 100/1 85/0.94 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 99/1 100/1 99/1 95/1 80/1 Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025518 Laccaria decolorans Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 519 Fungal Planet 1845 MB 858344 Laccaria decolorans S. Hussain, sp. nov. Etymology7KHVSHFL¿FHSLWKHW³decolorans” is from Latin verb decolorarePHDQLQJ³WRIDGHRUORVHFRORXU´ZKLFKVLJQL¿HVWKDWWKH VSHFLHVXQGHUJRHVVLJQL¿FDQWFRORXUFKDQJHVRYHUWLPH &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ +\GQDQJLDFHDH, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Pileus 18–32 mm diam., plano-convex, centrally depressed, UHGGLVK EURZQ 5   WR GDUN UHG 5   FRORXUHG (Munsell, 1975), hygrophanous, turning to pale cream (5Y 9/1) or light beige coloured retaining reddish tint at the margin. Pileal surface JODEURXV WR ¿QHO\ IX]]\ SURPLQHQWO\ sulcated extending from the margin towards the centre, gradually fading out. Margin decurved later become ÀDWWHQHG SURPLQHQWO\ FUHQDWH Context pale white (10YR 9/1). Lamellae reddish brown (10R 4/6) to pale white (10YR 9/1), subdecurrent, distant, 2–5 mm wide and thin less than 0.4 mm, initially plane later becoming undulated, L 16–30, l 2–3 × of L range. Lamellulae attenuate, marginal. Stipe ±î±PPEULFNUHG 5 EHFRPLQJ OLJKWEHLJH (2.5Y 9/2) or whitish (10YR 9/1), cylindrical, swollen at the base and insertion, solid, becoming hollow, glabrous, striate, striation continuous with lamellae. Odour and taste indistinct. Pileipellis consisting of interwoven, thin-walled, cylindrical, hyaline, septate and clamped hyphae, 4.4–16.2 (avg. 9.1) ȝP ZLGH Stipitipellis consisting of parallel, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, septate hyphae, with frequent clamps, ± DYJ ȝPZLGHCaulocystidia were not found. Subhymenium undifferentiated. Lamellar tramal hyphae subparallel to parallel, thin-walled, hyaline, septate, 3.1–11.8 DYJ ȝPZLGHBasidiospores (8.1–)8.5–9.2–10.7(–10.8) × (7.9–)8.4–9.0± ±  ȝP ZLWKRXW RUQDPHQWDWLRQ  Q = 0.99–1.00–1.02, globose, hyaline, echinulate, spines ± DYJ   ȝP LQ OHQJWK XS WR  ȝPZLGH DW EDVH sparse, uniguttulate. Basidia (35.2–)34.4–43.7–56.7(–57.8) × (9.9–)9.0–13.3± ±  ȝP IUHTXHQWO\ WHWUDVSRULF sometimes bisporic, with longer sterigma 9.0–15.0 (avg. 12.0) ȝPLQOHQJWKZLWKURXQGHGWLSFODYDWHK\DOLQHZLWKJUDQXODU content. Pleurocystidia (25.1–)27.4–35.0–40.7(–50.8) × (4.0–)4.1–6.5± ±  ȝP ¿ODPHQWRXV QDUURZO\ FODYDWH ÀH[XRXV WKLQZDOOHG K\DOLQH Cheilocystidia (28.2–)30.4– 40.3–50.3(–56.8) × (5.0–)5.8–7.0± ± ȝP¿ODPHQWRXV subclavate to somewhat irregular shaped, thin-walled (n = 55/2). Typus: Pakistan.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZDGLVWULFW6ZDW&KLQDU-DPELO 1ƒ¶´(ƒ¶´PDVOWHUUHVWULDOJURZWKRQOLWWHULQ broad-leaved subtropical forest dominated by Quercus sp. and Acer sp., Sep. 2020, S. Hussain, MUCh-90A (holotype SWAT003425; ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Additional material examined: Pakistan, Khyber 3DNKWXQNKZD GLVWULFW 6ZDW 3DURQD -DPELO 1ƒ¶´ (ƒ¶´PDVOWHUUHVWULDOJURZWKRQVRLORIEURDG leaved subtropical forest dominated by Quercus sp., Sep. 2020, S. Hussain, MUCh-90B (SWAT003425; ITS sequence *HQ%DQN39  Notes: Laccaria decolorans is distinguished by its reddish EURZQ WR GDUNHU UHG SLOHXV ZLWK D FUHQDWHPDUJLQ UHGGLVK brown to pale white lamellae, and relatively larger, ornamented basidiospores measuring (8.5–)9.2(–10.7) × ±  ± ȝP7KHVSRUHVEHDUSURPLQHQW HFKLQXODH PHDVXULQJ±ȝPLQOHQJWK$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHVSHFLHVLV characterized by its longer sterigmata, reaching up to 10 μm in length. This combination of morphological features, along with its genetic distinctiveness, clearly differentiates it from previously described species within the genus Laccaria and supports its recognition as a novel species. Phylogenetically, L. decolorans forms an independent lineage with strong support (ML = 97 %, BPP = 0.99), constituting a sister clade to L. torosa and showing morphological resemblance to L. salmonicolor and L. bicolor. However, it can be distinguished IURP WKHVH WD[DEDVHGRQVHYHUDO NH\PDFURPRUSKRORJLFDO characters. L. decolorans SRVVHVVHV D GDUNHU UHG SLOHXV that fades to pale cream, whereas L. torosa exhibits an orange brown pileus (Cho et al. 2018), L. salmonicolor has DVDOPRQSLQN WRRUDQJHEURZQSLOHXV :LOVRQet al. 2013), and L. bicolor has a purple brown pileus that fades to buff or tan (Orton, 1960). Additionally, the lamellar coloration of L. decolorans, which ranges from reddish brown to pale white, differs from the consistently orange-brown lamellae in L. torosa WKHVDOPRQSLQN ODPHOODH LQL. salmonicolor, and the lilac to buff coloured lamellae in L. bicolor. Ecologically, L. decolorans is found in broad-leaved subtropical forests, whereas its closest relatives are typically associated with temperate coniferous forests. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had the highest similarity to L. montana [strain AWW446, *HQ%DQN -; ,GHQWLWLHV      VL[ gaps (0 %)], L. pumila >VWUDLQ20'/. &DQDQ*HQ%DQN OR945069; Identities = 637/653 (98 %), six gaps (0 %)], L. pumila >VWUDLQ **B *HQ%DQN *8 ,GHQWLWLHV = 639/657 (97 %), six gaps (0 %)], L. amethystina [strain /D$0 *HQ%DQN 20 ,GHQWLWLHV   (97 %), seven gaps (1 %)], L. amethystina [strain UVIGO-F- 05)*HQ%DQN25,GHQWLWLHV    seven gaps (1 %)], and L. macrocystidia [strain GMM7601, *HQ%DQN .0 ,GHQWLWLHV      VHYHQ gaps (1 %)]. The closest hits using the LSU sequence had the highest similarity to L. parva [strain SFC20150902-17, *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV      WZR gaps (0 %)], L. ohiensis>VWUDLQ.+BB*HQ%DQN KU685871; Identities = 874/890 (98 %), two gaps (0 %)], and L. bicolor >VWUDLQ 89,*2)$05 *HQ%DQN 25 Identities = 873/890 (98 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Supplementary materials:GRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment and table). Colour illustrations: +RORW\SHFROOHFWLRQORFDOLW\6ZDW.33DNLVWDQ Habitat; basidiomes collection at the habitat showing variation in colour; young basidiomes at the habitat: close-up view pileal and gill surface; basidiospores; microscope illustrations of hyphae from peleipillis; hyphae from the pileus trama; hyphae from stipitipellis; cheilocystidia; basidioles; basidia. Scale bars: sporocarps = 10 mm; DOORWKHUVWUXFWXUHV ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025520 0.009 Laccaria nanlingensis GDGM84949 Mythicomyces corneipes SYKOf4633 Laccaria tortilis AWW545 Laccaria amethystina DM1172 Laccaria striatula HMJAU59796 Laccaria salmonicolor GMM7596 Laccaria bicolor UVIGO-F-MRF167 Laccaria amethystina UVIGO-F-MRF244 Laccaria parva SFC20121001-08 Laccaria macrocystidia GMM7626 Laccaria torosa KA12-1306 Laccaria macrocystidia GMM7612 Laccaria pseudomontana Cripps 1771 Lacaria decolorans MUCh-90B Laccaria striatula CNV105 Laccaria populina GDOR 408 Laccaria anglica ScoFr Mythicomyces corneipes AFTOL972 Laccaria pumila GMM7637 Lacaria decolorans MUCh-90A Laccaria salmonicolor GMM7602 Laccaria fibrillosa GMM7562 Laccaria populina GDOR411 Laccaria oblongospora OblFr Laccaria tortilis F1116205 Laccaria parva SFC20120919-05 Laccaria pseudomontana Cripps 1625 Laccaria nanlingensis GDGM84954 Laccaria pumila GG125_86 Laccaria bicolor UVIGO-F-GPT-L6 Laccaria longipes HMJAU26933 Laccaria anglia AngFr Laccaria torosa SFC20150902-17 Laccaria salmonicolor HMAS 277285 Laccaria montana TWO 319 Laccaria fibrillosa GMM7508 Laccaria alba GMM6131 Laccaria himalayensis AWW484 Laccaria trullisata PRL7587 Laccaria alba KUN 20120807-69 Laccaria himalayensis AWW463 Laccaria trullisata WCG2075 Laccaria montana TWO 591 99/1 85/0.98 100/1 100/1 100/1 97/0.99 79/- 75/0.90 72/0.90 100/1 79/0.80 100/1 100/1 55/0.58 99/1 100/1 76/0.90 97/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 95/0.90 100/1 97/1 100/1 100/1 97/1 100/1 97/1 100/1 0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG 0/ WUHHEDVHGRQWKHFRQFDWHQDWHG,76/68VHTXHQFHVRILaccaria species depicting phylogenetic relationships. The analysis was carried out using IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015) and Bayesian analysis using MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Support values at each branch (ML bootstrap / BI posterior probability) are indicated at the nodes. Sequences from this study are shown in bold and blue font. 6+XVVDLQ&HQWUHIRU3ODQW6FLHQFHVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI6ZDW&KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ e-mail: shahid_sattar84@yahoo.com :$KPDG&HQWUHIRU3ODQW6FLHQFHVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI6ZDW&KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ e-mail: waqasahmad328@yahoo.com 6%LEL&HQWUHIRU3ODQW6FLHQFHVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\8QLYHUVLW\RI6ZDW&KDUEDJK6ZDW.K\EHU3DNKWXQNKZD3DNLVWDQ e-mail: sheemabibi233@gmail.com Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 521 Lichenohendersonia cetrariae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025522 Fungal Planet 1846 MB 858823 Lichenohendersonia cetrariae'DUPRVWXNsp. nov. Etymology: Named after the host genus, Cetraria. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph pycnidial, globose, dull brown, scattered or in groups, semi-immersed WR VXSHU¿FLDO RQ WKH KRVW WKDOOXV ± ȝP GLDP &RQLGLRPDWDO ZDOO UHODWLYHO\ WKLQ ± ȝP FRPSRVHG E\ VHYHUDOOD\HUVRIFHOOVLQQHUUHJLRQRIK\DOLQHÀDWWHQHGFHOOV ±î±ȝPDQRXWHUUHJLRQRIEURZQEURDGO\HORQJDWHWR LUUHJXODU FHOO ±î±ȝP WKHSLJPHQW RI FRQLGLRPDWDO wall changed to olive-brown in KOH. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, ampulliform, smooth-walled, holoblastic, 3.5– ȝPConidia solitary, 3-euseptate, golden brown, became GDUNHULQ.2+VPRRWKZDOOHGQDUURZO\HOOLSVRLGWRIXVLIRUP not constricted at the septa, apical part round, base truncate, smooth-walled, (16.6–)17.2–18.6(–19.8) × (3.0–)3.2–3.6(–  ȝPOHQJWKZLGWKUDWLR ± ± ±  Q   Habit, habitat and distribution: Lichenohendersonia cetrariae LVNQRZQRQO\IURPLWVW\SHORFDOLW\LQWKH0\NRODLYUHJLRQRI 8NUDLQHZKHUHLWZDVIRXQGJURZLQJRQWKHWHUULFRORXVOLFKHQ Cetraria aculeata. The infected host was discovered on a dry petrophytic steppe slope near the Inhulets river. Typus: Ukraine0\NRODLY UHJLRQ6QLKXULYVN\L GLVWULFW QHDUYV ± ± ± ȝPLQL. cetrariae], and different lichen host. Another morphologically similar species is Phaeoseptoria peltigerae, described on Peltigera horizontalis from Norway (Punithalingam & Spooner 1997). It differs from L. cetrariae E\ KDYLQJ LPPHUVHG S\FQLGLD ± ȝP GLDP YV VXSHU¿FLDOS\FQLGLD±ȝPLQL. cetrariae), somewhat VKRUWHU FRQLGLD ±ȝP >YV ± ± ±  ȝP in L. cetrariae] and different lichen host. However, molecular data are unavailable for Lichenohendersonia squamarinae and Phaeoseptoria peltigeraePDNLQJ LW LPSRVVLEOH WR WHVW WKHLUFRQVSHFL¿FLW\ZLWKWKHQHZVSHFLHV Multigene phylogenetic analyses of Phaeosphaeriaceae resolved two specimens of Lichenohendersonia cetrariae in a well-supported clade, forming a sister relationship with the genus Wojnowiciella. The genus Wojnowiciella (type species Wojnowiciella eucalypti) was established by Crous et al. (2015b) to accommodate species with non-papillate FRQLGLRPDWD ODFNLQJVHWDHDVZHOODVVHSWDWHYHUUXFXORVH GDUN EURZQ FRQLGLD LQWHUPL[HG ZLWK K\DOLQH PLFURFRQLGLD Lichenohendersonia cetrariae can be distinguished by its smooth-walled, golden brown, 3-septate conidia. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Phaeosphaeria pontiformis [isolate &) *HQ%DQN 33 ,GHQWLWLHV    ¿YH JDSV@ &ORVHVW KLWV XVLQJ WKH LSU sequence are Phaeosphaeria musae VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN DQ885894; Identities = 98.77 %, two gaps), and Tintelnotia destructans VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN .< Identities = 98.76 %, two gaps). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence are Paraphoma radicina (strain UTHSC: DI16-209, *HQ%DQN /7 ,GHQWLWLHV    QR JDSV  DQG Neostagonospora arrhenatheri (strain MFLUCC 15-0464, *HQ%DQN0*,GHQWLWLHV QRJDSV  Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH DOLJQPHQW DQG WUHH  GRL P¿JVKDUH (table). Colour illustrations 8NUDLQH 0\NRODLY UHJLRQ GU\ SHWURSK\WLF steppe. Habits of the conidiomata (mature and young); conidiomatal wall with conidiogenous cells; conidia (upper row in lactophenol cotton blue, lower row in water). Scale bars: habits = 250 μm; all others = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 523                                 HKAS 112346     KUMCC 20-0215T         CBS 653.86         CBS 110108       MFLUCC 14-0033T      ATCC 56289        A 66      MFLUCC 14-1111T     MFLUCC 15-0069T      MFLUCC 13-0728T       MFLUCC 17-0828T      MFLU 16-0121      MFLUCC 13-0612T       MFLUCC 19-0150       MFLUCC 18-1641T      KUMCC 18-0161T        MFLU 17-0496T       CBS 110110T       CBS 120026         MFLUCC 10-0563T      MFLUCC 13-0231T       RCEF20004       MFLUCC 16-0886T     CBS 138.96T      MFLU 14-0809T     MFLUCC 17-1361T     MFLUCC 17-0315     KRAM L-75119     KRAM L-75118T        CBS 139904T        CPC 27455T        CBS 145077        KUMCC 18-0159T        KUMCC 18-0160  !  UTHSC DI16-296    CBS 111.79T    CBS 102875      CBS 522.66T      CBS 172.70    "   CPC 29613T       KUMC 16-0111T      MFLUCC 13-0386T     CPC 32057T    ! ! MFLUCC 13-0215T     CBS 259.49      MFLUCC 13-0387T     CBS 135091     CBS 135089T     CBS 307.79      CBS 137677T    "  CBS 290.69    "  CBS 289.69       CGMCC 3.24528       CGMCC 3.24527T      MFLUCC 13-0377T       MFLUCC 13-0376       MFLUCC 13-0375T 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/85 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 0.97/75 1/100 1/100 1/100 0.99/98 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/99 1/100 1/100 1/100 1/100 -/88 1/100 -/98 -/75 -/70 0.98/80 0.99/99 -/95 1/98 0.98/98 0.99/100 1/100 1/80 1/100 -/70 0.03 0.99/95 Phylogenetic relationships of Lichenohendersonia (highlighted with bold font) inferred from Bayesian Inference analysis (BI) of a combined ITS, LSU and tef1 data set. Two specimens of Quixadomyces hongheensisZHUHXVHGDVWKHRXWJURXS7KLFNHQHGEUDQFKHVUHSUHVHQWHLWKHU %D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV•DQGRUERRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHV•0D[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VHVZHUHFDUULHGRXWXVLQJDKHXULVWLF search as implemented in IQ-TREE v. 2.1.2 on XSEDE (Nguyen et al. 2015) and 100 bootstrap interactions on 1000 replicates to estimate EUDQFKVXSSRUW%D\HVLDQLQIHUHQFHRIWKHSK\ORJHQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSVZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKH0DUNRYFKDLQ0RQWH&DUOR 0&0& DSSURDFKDV implemented in MrBayes v. 3.2.6 on XSEDE (Ronquist et al. 2012). Sequences from material with a type status are indicated by superscript T. 9'DUPRVWXN:6]DIHU,QVWLWXWHRI%RWDQ\3ROLVK$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV/XELF]3/.UDNyZ3RODQG HPDLOYGDUPRVWXN#ERWDQ\SO Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025524 Mucor cerradoensis Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 525 Fungal Planet 1847 MB 857309 Mucor cerradoensis L.S.W Freitas, T.R.L. Cordeiro & A.L. Santiago, sp. nov. Etymology: Referring to the Brazilian biome Cerrado (or “Brazilian 6DYDQQD´ ZKHUHWKHVSHFLHVZDV¿UVWLVRODWHG &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Mucoromycota, Mucoromycetes, Mucorales, Mucoraceae. Mycelium orange with oil contents. Colony ÀRFFRVHRUDQJH on verse and reverse, with citrus odour. Rhizoids rare, turnip- OLNH LQ PRUSKRORJ\ Stolons not formed. Sporangiophores orange, 1.5–8.5 mm in height, with a septum below the sporangium, rarely with two septa, commonly monopodially and sympodially branched (up to 4 times), short, 15–45 × 2.4–5.5 μm or long, 150–400(–580) × (2.5–)4.5–10.5(–25) μm, smooth or encrusted-walled. Sporangia orange, globose, 15–40 μm in diam., leaving a collar; wall smooth with vitreous aspect. Columellae hyaline or orange, subglobose to hemispherical, rarely irregularly-shaped, 7–35 × 5–30 μm. Sporangiospores ellipsoidal with granular contents, 5–18 × 2.5–7.5 μm. Chlamydospores common in substrate hyphae, hyaline, terminally or intercalary, single or in long chains, globose to subglobose, ellipsoidal or irregularly-shaped, 3.5–6.5 × 2.5–6 μm. This species presents a dimorphic state, SDUWLDOO\ FKDQJLQJ LQWR\HDVW VWDWHDW WHPSHUDWXUHRIƒ& DIWHUGEHFRPLQJFRPSOHWHO\\HDVWOLNHDWDWHPSHUDWXUH RI ƒ& DIWHU  G Yeast cells globose, subglobose or elongated, 2.5–45 μm diam. Zygosporangia not seen. Culture characteristics: &RORQLHV ÀRFFRVH RUDQJH UHYHUVH with regular margin, orange on potato dextrose agar (PDA) DQG PDOW H[WUDFW DJDU 0($  2Q 3'$ DW ƒ& ± ODFN RI JURZWK $W ƒ& ±  FP GLDP DIWHU  G ZLWK SRRU VSRUXODWLRQDWƒ&±FPGLDPDIWHUGZLWKVSRUXODWLRQ DWƒ&±FPGLDPDIWHUGZLWKVSRUXODWLRQDWƒ& ±FPGLDPLQGZLWKVSRUXODWLRQDWƒ&±QRJURZWK appearance of yeast cells after 10 d. Yeast cells appear at XSWRƒ&EXWDWƒ&RQO\\HDVWFHOOVDUHREVHUYHG 2Q0($DWƒ&±QRJURZWKDWƒ&±FPGLDPDIWHU GDQGSRRUVSRUXODWLRQDWƒ&±FPGLDPDIWHUG ZLWKVSRUXODWLRQDWƒ&±FPGLDPLQGZLWKH[FHOOHQW VSRUXODWLRQDWƒ&±FPGLDPDIWHUGZLWKVSRUXODWLRQ DW ƒ& ±$EVHQFH RI ¿ODPHQWRXV JURZWK DSSHDUDQFH RI yeast cells after 10 d. Typus: Brazil0DUDQKmR6WDWH&DUROLQD3RoR$]XO ƒ¶´6 ƒ¶´: LVRODWHG IURPVRLO VDPSOHVFROO0DUT.B. Gibertoni, isol. 25 Jul. 2023, L.W. S de Freitas (holotype URMH 95808), cultures ex-type URM 9092 (ITS and LSU sequences *HQ%DQN 34 DQG 34  850  ,76 DQG /68 VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34DQG34  Notes: During a survey on the diversity of Mucoromycota from the Cerrado biome in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, we isolated one species belonging to Mucor that is morphologically and genetically [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA] distinct from other species. The two isolates formed a fully supported clade, close to M. orantomantidis, but also close to M. paraorantomantidis. Mucor orantomantidis shares morphological characteristics with M. cerradoensis, e.g. the formation of sporangiophores with short or long branches and subglobose columellae 3KRRNDPVDNet al. 2019). However, M. cerradoensis differs from M. orantomantidis by the dimorphic state, partially FKDQJLQJLQWRWKH\HDVWOLNHVWDWHDWWRƒ&DIWHUG In addition, M. orantomantidis forms globose to subglobose sporangia, initially light yellow, later becoming yellow brown, 28.5–58.5 μm diam, bigger than the ones of M. cerradoensis (15–35 μm in diam), which are orange instead. Columellae are subglobose, globose and ellipsoidal, while the ones of the new species are subglobose, subglobose to hemispherical, and rarely irregularly shaped. Furthermore, sporangiospores of M. orantomantidis are ellipsoidal, some with one side slightly fattened, 8–11.5 × 4.5–6 μm, whereas the ones of the new species are constantly ellipsoidal with granular contents DQG ODUJHU ±î±—P  3KRRNDPVDNet al. 2019). Mucor paraorantomantidis differs from the new species mostly by the formation of unbranched sporangiophores and by not showing dimorphism. The columellae of M. paraorantomantidis are subglobose to ellipsoid, and sporangiospores are hyaline to greyish green, elliptical to IXVLIRUPDQGVRPHHOOLSWLFDOÀDWWHQHGRQRQHVLGH ± ± 11.5 × 3–5 μm (Nguyen et al. 2024), thus differing from the columellae and sporangiospores of M. cerradoensis. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, M. orantomantidis and M. paraorantomantidis are also the closest hits using ITS [M. orantomantidisVWUDLQ670*HQ%DQN24,GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV  M. orantomantidis CNUFC 0,'*HQ%DQN15B,GHQWLWLHV    26 gaps (4 %); M. paraorantomantidis strain CNUFC CY205, *HQ%DQN33,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (4 %)] and LSU [M. orantomantidis strain CNUFC-MID1-2, *HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV   RQHJDS (0 %); M. orantomantidis VWUDLQ&18)&0,'*HQ%DQN MH591458, Identities = 607/624 (97 %), one gap (0 %)]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment and table). Colour illustrations: Brazil, Maranhão, Chapada das Mesas (type locality). Sporangiophores with sporangia; sporangiophore with orange sporangium; sporangiophore with subglobose columella; sporangiophore with subglobose columella; sporangiophore with suglobose to hemispherical columella; yeast cells; sporangiospores. Scale bars: sporangiophores with sporangia = 100 μm; sporangiophore with sporangium and sporangiophore with subglobose columella = 15 μm; other microscopic structures = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025526 L.W.S. de Freitas, T.R.L. Cordeiro & A.L.C.M. de Azevedo Santiago, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; e-mail: lesliewaren@gmail.com, thalline.leite30@gmail.com & andrelcabral@msn.com A. Rodrigues & M.O. Cruz, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of General and Applied Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil; e-mail: andre.rodrigues@unesp.br & mo.cruz@unesp.br 0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGWUHHEDVHGRQ,76DQG/68VHTXHQFHVRIMucor were conducted in RAxML v. 8.2.12, in the CIPRES science gateway (Miller et al. 2010). Bayesian inference (BI) was conducted in MrBayes on XSEDE v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist et al. 2012). The substitution model *75*,ZDVXVHGIRUWKHDOLJQPHQWLQWKH0/DQG*75*LQWKH%,DQDO\VHV&RQ¿GHQFHYDOXHVIRU0/%6• 8)ERRW5$[0/ DQG %33•DUHLQFOXGHGQHDUWKHQRGHVDQGWKH³´LQGLFDWHVVWDWLVWLFDOVXSSRUWEHORZWKHWKUHVKROGYDOXHV 7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. 2016). The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The species obtained in this study is in boldRUDQJH([W\SHVWUDLQVDUHPDUNHGZLWK DQDVWHULVN DQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VXSHUVFULSW,76/68 DUHLQGLFDWHGIRUDOOVSHFLHVLQVXSSOHPHQWDU\PDWHULDO7KHWUHHZDV rooted to Backusella circina (CBS 128.70). Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 527 Mycena morenoi Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025528 Fungal Planet 1848 MB 845632 Mycena morenoi M. Villarreal & Couceiro, sp. nov. Etymology 'HGLFDWHG WR *DEULHO 0RUHQR +RUFDMDGD IRU KLV contributions to the Spanish mycobiota. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Mycenaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Primordia ௅PPGLDP, hemispherical, entirely covered with white detersile powder. Pileus 0.8–3.7 mm diam., initially conic, then convex to plano-convex without umbo, slightly depressed at the centre, sulcate-striate almost to the centre, margin crenulate, membranaceous, surface dry, velvety at centre, pallid, purely white when young, after light JUH\LVK EURZQ VRPHZKDW GDUNHU DW FHQWUH WXUQLQJ JUH\LVK white to greyish when dry. Lamellae narrowly adnatae to subfree, moderately spaced (10–13 reach to the stipe), with 1–2 series of lamellulae, thin, whitish to pale greyish, edge convex and concolourous. Stipe up to 38 × 0.15–0.25 mm, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards apex, dry, shiny, watery white, arising from a white strigose basal disc of –0.45 mm diam. Context thin, concolourous with cap and stipe surfaces, odour and taste not recorded. Basidiospores (6.2–)6.7–7.5(– 8.2) × (3.3–)3.6–4.2(–4.5) μm; Q = (1.6–)1.7–2.0(–2.2); N = 100; Me = 7.2 × 4 μm; Qe = 1.8, narrowly ellipsoid to subcylindrical with small apiculus, smooth, hyaline, amyloid. Basidia 13.2–17.5(–19.6) × 5–6(–8) μm, subclavate, 2- or 4-spored in the same carpophore, clamped. Basidiolae 13–17 × 3–5 μm, subclavate or subfusoid. Cheilocystidia 15.2–19.8 × 7.62–12.46 μm, mostly clavate to obpyriform, thin-walled, DSLFDOO\ FRYHUHG ZLWK VKRUW ZDUWV DQG ± VOHQGHU QHFNV (3.3–)8.4–17.6(–18.5) × (0.6–)0.8–1.2(–1.5) μm, clamped. Lamellar edge sterile. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama made of cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, dextrinoid hyphae 1.9–2.7(–3.5) μm diam. Pileus trama subregular, hyphae 10– 17 μm wide, dextrinoid. Pileipellis of primordia a hymenoderm to subhymenoderm layer of acanthocysts; in mature basidiomata a cutis with terminal detersile acanthocysts and broad terminal cells. Hyphae of the pileipellis 3–12 μm wide, densely covered with simple warts 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 μm, hyaline, not embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Detersile acanthocysts over the pileus, (16.9–)17.1–23.3(–24.4) × (10.7–)12.6–16.9(–17.7) μm, globose-pedicellate to broadly clavate, hyaline, WKLQ WR WKLFNZDOOHG (–2 μm), densely covered with simple, conical or cylindrical excrescences. Pileus marginal cells, clavate to ellipsoid, 23.8–47.6 × 9.6– 12.9 μm with simple cylindrical warts, 0.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 μm. Stipitipellis made of parallel hyphae, 2–3(–3.5) μm diam., cylindrical, smooth, with abundant caulocystidia all over the stipe. Caulocystidia 16.8–30.2(–54.5) × 4.8–9.2(–11.8) μm, scattered to clustered, cylindrical-acuminate to lanceolate, sometimes septate, smooth, frequently with 1–3 lateral or DSLFDOSURMHFWLRQV%DVDOGLVFF\VWLGLDVLPLODUWRFDXORF\VWLGLD but typically shorter and forming a trichordermium. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habitat and distribution: Gregarious, on fallen leaves and logs of Betula pubescens, Salix atrocinerea (Salicaceae) or Quercus robur (Fagaceae) and rachis of the fern Woodwardia radicans (Blechnaceae). Known from three localities in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Typus: Spain/XJR5HJR4XHQWHžފ1žފ: m a.s.l., on dead leaves of Betula pubescens and Salix atrocinerea, 4 Aug. 2022, A. Couceiro, M. Saavedra & M. Villarreal (holotype $+,76VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN23  Additional materials examined: Spain, A Coruña, Ortigueira, 3OD\DGH0RURX]RVƒ¶¶¶1ƒ¶¶¶:PDVORQ dead leaves of Salix atrocinerea, 15 Apr. 2022, A. Couceiro, M. Saavedra & M. Villarreal (AH56027; ITS sequences *HQ%DQN23  LELG., 14 m a.s.l., on dead leaves of Salix atrocinerea (cultivated on moist chamber), harvested 10 May 2022, M. Villarreal, AH56028; ibid., 6 Dec. 2022, A. Couceiro, A. Jurado, J. Mateos, C. Sos & M. Villarreal, dead log of Salix atrocinerea, AH60376; Lugo, Rego, 4XHQWHžފ1žފ:PDVO$SU A. Couceiro, A. Jurado & M. Villarreal, dead leaves of Quercus robur and Salix atrocinerea, AH60374, ibid., 4 Sep. 2022, on dead leaves of Salix atrocinerea, A. Couceiro, AH60377; Fraga dos Casas, San Xoan dos Casas, Cerdido, $&RUXxDƒ¶¶¶1ƒ¶¶¶:PDVO$SU A. Couceiro, raquis of Woodwardia radicans (AH56032, ITS VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN23  Notes: Mycena morenoi could not be assigned to any of the sections described by Maas Geesteranus (1992a, b) for the Northern Hemisphere. The new species forms a sister clade with M. discogena and M. loginqua, both erroneously assigned to sections Sacchariferae and Polyadelphia respectively 'HVMDUGLQ&RRSHUet al. 2018). This clade is grouped with two other species, M. illuminans and M. indigotica, both grouping in a well-supported clade (BS = 93 %, BPP = 1) ZKLFKKDYHDOVRQRW EHHQDVVLJQHG WR DQ\ NQRZQMycena section. All these species appear to be closely related to M. sect. Exornatae, which forms a monophyletic group (BS = 90 %, BPP = 0.99) and the only one sequenced species of M. sect. Granuliferae, M. antennae. The latter species shares many characters with M. morenoi and M. discogena, but its placement in M. sect. Granuliferae is based on the presence of inamyloid spores and a non-dextrinoid hymenophoral WUDPDDFFRUGLQJWR0DDV*HHVWHUDQXV GH0HLMHU   The closest species to M. morenoi is M. discogena, which was originally described from Juan Fernandez Islands 6LQJHU DQGLVDOVRIRXQGLQ+DZDLL 'HVMDUGLQ  and Sao Tomé (Cooper et al. 2018) but phylogenetically this relationship is unsupported, and M. morenoi stands in a comparatively long branch, indicating a considerable sequence dissimilarity. In terms of raw sequence similarity, EDVHGRQDEODVWQVHDUFKRI WKH1&%,*HQ%DQNQXFOHRWLGH database, the resulting aligned ITS sequences had moderate similarity to M. discogena >%$3  6)68  *HQ%DQN MH414556; Identities = 500/593 (84,32 % homology), 44 gaps (7 %)]. Microscopically, M. discogena differs from Colour illustrations: Mycena morenoi habitat in the atlantic forest (fragas) from the type locality, Rego, Quente, Lugo, Spain. In situ basidiomata of the holotype (AH56031) and primordium; basidiospores, cheilocystidia, acanthocysts, hyphae of the pileipellis, caulocystidia. Scale bars: basidiomata = 1 cm and 1 mm, respectively; DOORWKHUV ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 529 M. morenoi by having wider spores (4–6 μm), as well as cheilocystidia with shorter outgrowths, basal disc cystidia of two types, as well as a different habitat. M. Villarreal, Dpto. Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: mvillarrmycena@gmail.com $&RXFHLUR$VRFLDFLyQ0LFROy[LFD$QGRD5tR%DUFpVEDMR%DUFDOD$&RUXxD6SDLQHPDLODFQDYHLUD#JPDLOFRP Phylogenetic relationships of M. morenoi UHFRQVWUXFWHG IURP DQ XQSDUWLWLRQHG ,76 GDWDVHW 7KH0D[LPXP /LNHOLKRRG 0/  DQDO\VHV ZHUH performed using IQ-TREE v. 2.2.0 (Nguyen et al. 2015). Branch support was assessed through 1000 replicates of standard non-parametric bootstrapping (Felsenstein 1985). The Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses were carried out in MrBayes v. 3.2.7 (Ronquist et al. 2012) and included two runs that will stop automatically when the standard deviation falls below 0.01 or the generation number reaches 106, with a sample frequency of 100 and a burn-in value of 25 %. Alignment statistics: 40 strains including the outgroup; 700 characters including alignment gaps analysed: SDUVLPRQ\LQIRUPDWLYHVLQJOHWRQVLWHVFRQVWDQWVLWHV7KHEHVW¿WPRGHOLGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHHQWLUHDOLJQPHQWLQ,475((DFFRUGLQJ to BIC scores was: HKY+F+G4. In the BI analysis, substitution models were sampled within the HKY space allowing a gamma distributed rate heterogeneity across sites and a proportion of invariant sites (rates = invgamma) to be estimated. The ML bootstrap support values and Bayesian SRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHVDUHLQGLFDWHGDURXQGWKHEUDQFKHV7UHHZDVGLVSOD\HGZLWK)LJ7UHHY 5DPEDXW DQGHGLWHGZLWK,QNVFDSH v. 1.1. All tips are labelled with database accession number, taxon name and collection number. Mycena morenoiLVPDUNHGLQbold and the holotypes are indicated. Scale bar on the tree indicates the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to M. pura. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment and phylogenetic trees).  KJ206967   ACL055 MH414555  aff.     DED8211 MK733307    HMJAU43771 Holotype OK239705    JCFR001 p1 MH211910  sp. FLAS-F-61469 KJ206980   ACL212 ON113878   AH31358 JX481737   DM334g MH414552   BAP648 Holotype MH414556    BAP649 KX899592 uncultured  sp. 41AB1E1 MH400945   CT15062602 KJ206976   ACL175 OP453347      AH56032 MH063433   WEI16 475 extype OQ427377   PR4290820714 KJ206965   ACL051 OQ871826  sp. RLC655 KX899616 uncultured  sp. 41DGR1E6 MG324370   CT20150605 MK733300    HMJAU43791 OQ871773  sp. RLC561 MK733301    HMJAU43849 MH400946   CT150729 KJ206975   ACL161 MW762807      AH56001 OP453346      AH56027 KF9130231    CBH371 KF010856   MMRD-20 MH400944   CT16061503 OP453345      AH56031 Holotype MW881031    AH56002 KJ831841   FTB3 KX899171 uncultured  sp. 20AG2H5 MH400937   CT16061502 KJ609168   SFC20120821 60 MK733306    HMJAU43765 MH414550 BAP660 Holotype MH414554  aff.     BAP658 OK239706   JCFR001 p2 95/1 100/1 100/1 99/.99 100/1 95/.99 93/1 90/.99 100/1 75/.99 91/-- 90/1 100/1 81/.99 98/1 100/1 100/1 86/-- 100/1 100/1  sect.    sect.      Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025530 Pachyphlodes algarvensis Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 531 Fungal Planet 1849 MB 858400 Pachyphlodes algarvensis L. Möller & A. Paz., sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet algarvensis is dedicated to the Algarve region in Portugal, where the holotype was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Pezizomycotina. Ascoma subglobose to oval, with basal cavity, 1 × 2.2 cm diam., reddish brown surface, with compound, irregular, angular warts, covered with a thin layer of young yellowish mycelium. Marbled gleba FRPSDFW ZLWK \HOORZ DQG SLQN WRQHV ZLWK VOLJKW EOXLVK R[LGDWLRQ ZKHQ FXW GDUNHU ZKHQ ripe, with light bifurcated sterile veins, cream in colour. No noticeable odour. Peridium EHWZHHQ ± ȝP WKLFN composed of two layers. Exoperidium or ectal excipulum PHDVXUHVDQDYHUDJHRI±ȝPWKLFNZLWKZDUWVWKDW PHDVXUHDQDYHUDJHRI KLJK î EDVH ȝP formed by angular cells, very irregular in size, measuring EHWZHHQ±î±ȝPZLWKZDOOVȝPWKLFN and yellowish brown in the outermost part and hyaline in the inner part with the thinner cell walls. Endoperidium or internal H[FLSXOXP WKDW PHDVXUHV EHWZHHQ ± P WKLFN composed of an intricate texture, with thin and hyaline walls. Paraphyses not seen. Asci irregularly distributed between intertwined hyphae in the gleba, generally subglobose or VOLJKWO\S\ULIRUP±î±ȝPH[FOXGLQJ WKH SHGLFHO WKLV PHDVXUHV EHWZHHQ ± î ± ȝP ZKLFKZLGHQV WRDJHQHUDOO\ IRUNHGEDVH LQGLFDWLYHRI WKHLU RULJLQ IURPDEDFXOXP WKHDVFLKDYHZDOOV—P WKLFNDQG contain between 6 to 8 spores, with evidence of disintegration of spores into asci with fewer, irregularly arranged and the walls do not react in Melzer’s reagent. The ascospores are globose, measuring on average 20.5 μm diam. with a range of 19 to 22 μm (including ornamentation), decorated with capitate spines, measuring between 3.68–4.24 μm (high) × 1.12–1.65 μm (base), light yellow in colour, agglutinating at the tips to form a perisporium covering. Habitat and distribution: Solitary among plant remains, under Pinus with presence of Quercus and Cistus, sandy soil, RFFXUULQJLQVSULQJ6SHFLHVVRIDURQO\NQRZQIURPWKHW\SH locality in Portugal. Typus: Portugal, Algarve, Carvoeiro, 37º06’12.9’’N, 08º25’38.4’’W, 70 m a.s.l., under Cistus salvifolius, Quercus suber and Pinus pinea, on sandy soil, 10 Mar. 2024, E. Muche (dog Joe) & L. Möller (dog Figo) (holotype BCN-Myc 3670, isotype IC10032415; ITS VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39  Additional material studied: Portugal, Algarve, Carvoeiro, 37º06’12.9’’N, 08º25’38.4’’W, 70 m a.s.l., under Cistus salvifolius, Quercus suber and Pinus pinea, on sandy soil, 12 Mar. 2024, E. Muche (dog Joe) & L. Möller (dog Figo) (paratype BCN-Myc 3671, IC12032402 copy; ITS sequences *HQ%DQN39  Notes: Phylogenetic studies reveal that Pachyphlodes algarvensis clusters in the same clade as P. citrina from Italy, P. wulushanensis from China, P. ligerica from France, and has as sister species P. depressa from China, P. iberica sp. nov. from the Iberian Peninsula, P. virescens and P. thysellii from the USA. Pachyphlodes citrina has clavate asci and ascospores ornamented with spines that are rounded or truncated at the apex; P. wulushanensis has its ascospores ornamented with spines that are partially fused at the apex (Ting 2019); P. ligerica has spores with short, cylindrical spines (Tulasne & Tulasne 1851); P. depressa is distinguished by the smooth surface of the ascomata, which is almost absent in warts (Fan & Cai 2015); P. iberica has ascomata with compound warts, small spores with sharp or capitate spines, P. virescens has olive yellow ascomata, with conical warts, olive grey gleba and spores with blunt spines; P. thysellii has spores with very ¿QHVSLQHV!î±ȝPWDOO 'RZHOGDE  Based on a Blast analysis of the ITS region for P. algarvensis, the following similarities were observed: P. citrina EU543196: 94.16 %; P. wulushanensis MK192827: 93.97 %; P. ligerica MT461402: 94.06 %; P. depressa KP027405: 98.15 %; P. ibérica PV345766: 96.14 %; P. virescens JX414219: 96.46 %; P. thysellii EU543196: 94.16 % Supplementary material: doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.411.2.2 (alignment and tree). Colour illustrations: Portugal, Algarve, Carvoeiro, where the type specimens were collected. Mature ascomata; organisation of peridium hyphae (exoperidium and endoperidium) and gleba; ascospores under light microscope. All images are from the holotype. Scale bars: peridium = 100 μm; ascospores = 5 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025532 073DFK\SKORGHVOLJHULFD)UDQFH 0.3DFK\SKORGHVZXOXVKDQHQVLV&KLQD 393DFK\SKORGHVDOJDUYHQVLV%&10\F3RUWXJDO7 393DFK\SKORGHVDOJDUYHQVLV6SDLQ 393DFK\SKORGHVLEHULFD%&10\F6SDLQ7 393DFK\SKORGHVLEHULFD3RUWXJDO .33DFK\SKORGHVGHSUHVVD&KLQD .33DFK\SKORGHVGHSUHVVD&KLQD -;3DFK\SKORGHVYLUHVFHQV86$ 073DFK\SKORGHVYLUHVFHQV86$ (83DFK\SKORGHVWK\VHOOLL86$ -13DFK\SKORGHVWK\VHOOLL86$ (83DFK\SKORGHVFLWULQD,WDO\ -13DFK\SKORGHVFLWULQD8.(QJODQG 0.3DFK\SKORGHVFLQQDEDULQD&KLQD 0.3DFK\SKORGHVFLQQDEDULQD&KLQD -13DFK\SKORGHVFRQJORPHUDWD6SDLQ .-3DFK\SKORGHVFRQJORPHUDWD6SDLQ 073DFK\SKORGHVFDUQHD86$ -;3DFK\SKORGHVFDUQHD86$ .-3DFK\SKORGHVROHLIHUD6SDLQ -43DFK\SKORHXVROHLIHUXV6SDLQ .-3DFK\SKORGHVFRDOHVFHQV0H[LFR (83DFK\SKORGHVFRDOHVFHQV0H[LFR (83DFK\SKORGHVPDUURQLQD86$ -13DFK\SKORGHVPDUURQLQD86$ +43DFK\SKORGHVEUXQQHD0H[LFR (83DFK\SKORGHVEUXQQHD0H[LFR .-3DFK\SKORGHVPHODQR[DQWKD6SDLQ .-3DFK\SKORGHVPHODQR[DQWKD)UDQFH -13DFK\SKORGHVDQQDJDUGQHUDH86$ -13DFK\SKORGHVDQQDJDUGQHUDH86$ -13DFK\SKORGHVSILVWHUL86$ -13DFK\SKORGHVQHPRUDOLV8.(QJODQG .73DFK\SKORGHVQHPRUDOLV6SDLQ -;3DFK\SKORGHVDXVWURRUHJRQHQVLV86$ .-$P\ODVFXVKDOOLQJLL$XVWUDOLD .-$P\ODVFXVIXVFRVSRUXV$UJHQWLQD                                 0.2 L. Möller, Carvoeiro Clube C101, Rua do Ourico, 8400-562 Carvoeiro/LGA, Portugal; e-mail: larissa@lusonet.eu $3D]$SWGR3RVW2I¿FH1R&DOGHVGH0DODYHOOD*LURQD6SDLQHPDLOita-paz@hotmail.com PachyphlodesSK\ORJHQ\EDVHGRQDQ ,76DOLJQPHQW7KHDOLJQPHQWZDVGRQHZLWK&OXVWDO:DQGFKHFNHG LQ%LR(GLW6HTXHQFH$OLJQPHQW (GLWRUY  DQGWKHQDQDO\VHGDW³0pWKRGHVHW$OJRULWKPHVSRXU OD%LRLQIRUPDWLTXH/,500´SK\ORJHQ\IU2QHFOLFNPRGH 3K\ORJHQHWLFWUHHREWDLQHGIURPWKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ DQDO\VLV1XPEHUVDERYHEUDQFKHVDUHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGERRWVWUDS 0/EV  ERRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHV • DUHJLYHQDERYHWKHEUDQFKHV$GREH$FUREDW3URVRIWZDUHZDVXVHGWRHGLWWKH¿QDOWUHH1HZVSHFLHVDUHLQ VKDGHGER[HV7HUPLQDOVFRQWDLQ*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUDQGFRXQWU\VWDWHRIFROOHFWLRQ7 GHQRWHVHTXHQFHVIURPKRORW\SHVAmylascus fuscosporus and A. hallingii were included as an outgroup. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 533 Pachyphlodes iberica Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025534 Fungal Planet 1850 MB 858399 Pachyphlodes iberica A. Paz & L. Möller., sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet iberica is dedicated to the Iberian Peninsula, where the species was collected. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Pezizomycotina. Ascoma subglobose to oval, with basal cavity, 0.5 cm × 1.6 cm diam., reddish brown surface, with compound, irregular, angular warts, covered with a thin layer of young yellowish mycelium. Marbled gleba FRPSDFW ZLWK \HOORZ DQG SLQN WRQHV ZLWK VOLJKW EOXLVK R[LGDWLRQ ZKHQ FXW GDUNHU ZKHQ ripe, with light bifurcated sterile veins, cream in coloru. No noticeable odour. Peridium EHWZHHQ ± ȝP WKLFN composed of two layers. Exoperidium or ectal excipulum PHDVXUHVDQDYHUDJHRI±ȝPWKLFNZLWKZDUWVWKDW PHDVXUHDQDYHUDJHRI KLJK î EDVH ȝP formed by angular cells, very irregular in size, measuring EHWZHHQ±î±ȝPZLWKZDOOVȝPWKLFN and yellowish brown in the outermost part and hyaline in the inner part with the thinner cell walls. Endoperidium or internal H[FLSXOXP WKDW PHDVXUHV EHWZHHQ ± P WKLFN composed of an intricate texture, with thin and hyaline walls. Paraphyses not seen. Asci irregularly distributed between intertwined hyphae in the gleba, generally subglobose or VOLJKWO\S\ULIRUP±î±ȝPH[FOXGLQJ WKH SHGLFHO WKLV PHDVXUHV EHWZHHQ ± î ± ȝP ZKLFKZLGHQV WRDJHQHUDOO\ IRUNHGEDVH LQGLFDWLYHRI WKHLU RULJLQ IURPDEDFXOXP WKHDVFLKDYHZDOOV—P WKLFNDQG contain between 6 to 8 spores, with evidence of disintegration of spores into asci with fewer, irregularly arranged and the walls do not react in Melzer’s reagent. The ascospores are globose, measuring on average 17.50 μm diam. with a range of 16.69 to 18.19 μm (including ornamentation), decorated with sharp or capitate spines, measuring between 1.94–2.25 μm (high) × 0.9–1.58 μm (base), light yellow in colour, without clumping together at the tips to form a perisporium cover. Habitat and distribution: Solitary among plant remains, under Quercus, on clayey and silty soils. In late spring, early summer. Until now, this species has only been collected in the Iberian Peninsula. Typus: Spain, Cataluña, Girona, Aiguaviva, 41º57’33.14’’N, 2º45’16.94’’E, 166 m a.s.l., under Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia, on clayey and loamy soil, 3 Jul. 2023, A. Paz (dog 6NRWW\ & C. Lavoise (dog Mimis) (holotype BCN-Myc 3668, isotype ,&,76VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39  Additional material studied: Portugal, Algarve, Salir, 37º13’09.2’’N, 08º00’31.9’’W, 180 m a.s.l., under Quercus ilex, Quercus rotundifolia with Arbustus unedo, on clayey and loamy soil, 19 May. 2024, L. Möller (dog Figo) & N. Eleonore dos Santos (dog Nala) (paratype IC19052407; ITS VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39  Notes: Phylogenetic studies reveal that Pachyphlodes iberica is placed in the same clade as P. citrina from Italy, P. wulushanensis from China, P. ligerica from France, and has as sister species P. depressa from China, P. algarvensis sp. nov. from Portugal, P. virescens from the USA and P. thysellii from the USA. Pachyphlodes citrina has clavate asci and ascospores ornamented with spines that are rounded or truncated at the apex; P. wulushanensis has its ascospores ornamented with spines that are partially fused at the apex (Ting 2019); P. ligerica has spores with short, cylindrical spines (Tulasne & Tulasne 1851); P. depressa is distinguished by the smooth VXUIDFHRIWKHDVFRPDWDZKLFKDOPRVWODFNVZDUWV )DQ &DL 2015); P. algarvensis has larger spores decorated with long capitate spines; P. virescens has olive yellow ascomata, with conical warts, olive grey gleba and spores with blunt spines; P. thyselliiKDVVSRUHVZLWKYHU\¿QHVSLQHV!î±ȝP tall (Doweld 2013a, b). Based on a Blast analysis of the ITS region for P. iberica, the following similarities were observed: P. citrina EU543196: 88.60 %; P. wulushanensis MK192827: 92.20 %; P. ligerica MT461402: 91.30 %; P. depressa KP027405: 92.55 %; P. algarvensis PV345761: 96.14 %; P. virescens JX414219: 90.61 %; P. thysellii EU543196: 92.88 %. For phylogenetic tree, see Pachyphlodes algarvensis (FP 1849). Colour illustrations: Spain, Cataluña, Girona, Aiguaviva, where the type specimens were collected. Mature ascomata; organisation of peridium hyphae (exoperidium and endoperidium) and gleba; ascospores under light microscope. All images are from the holotype. Scale bars: peridium = 100 μm; ascospores = 5 μm. $3D]$SWGR3RVW2I¿FH1R&DOGHVGH0DODYHOOD*LURQD6SDLQHPDLOita-paz@hotmail.com L. Möller, Carvoeiro Clube C101, Rua do Ourico, 8400-562 Carvoeiro/LGA, Portugal; e-mail: larissa@lusonet.eu Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 535 Pentagonomyces endophyticus Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025536 Fungal Planet 1851 MB 857712 Pentagonomyces J.S. Santana, F.A. Custódio & O.L. Pereira, gen. nov. Etymology: Name refers to shape of the terminal cell of the aleuriconidium. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Neoschizotheciaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetes. Mycelium septate, branched, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, sometimes in fascicles in aerial mycelium. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, reduced to a single denticle, arising laterally or terminally from the hyphae. Aleuriconidia initially 2-celled, often 3-celled, solitary, or formed in clusters of two, emerging directly from the conidiogenous cells and delimited by a basal septum, thin- and smooth-walled, released rhexolytically. Basal cell obconical or cupulate, sometimes irregular, subhyaline to pale brown, paler than the terminal cell. Terminal cell pentagonal, initially subhyaline to SDOHEURZQEHFRPLQJGDUNEURZQZLWKDJHSexual morph not observed. Type species: Pentagonomyces endophyticus J.S. Santana, F.A. Custódio & O.L. Pereira MB 857713 Pentagonomyces endophyticus J.S. Santana, F.A. Custódio & O.L. Pereira, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the endophytic lifestyle of the fungus. Mycelium septate, branched, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, (2.1–)2.5–5.0(–5.5) μm diam. hyphae. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, reduced to a single little denticle, arising laterally or terminally from the hyphae, PHDVXULQJ ± ± ±  ȝP ZLGH Aleuriconidia solitary, initially 2-celled, often 3-celled, rarely 4-celled, thin- and smooth-walled, emerged directly from the conidiogenous cells and delimited by a basal septum, (9.2–)9.5–19.8(–23.0) × (6.1–)6.5–9.9(–12.3) μm. Basal cell obconical or cupulate, subhyaline to pale brown, paler than the terminal cell, smooth- walled, (2.8–)2.9–5.0 × 3.6–5.9 μm. Terminal cell pentagonal, DW¿UVWVXEK\DOLQH OLNH WKHEDVDOFHOOEHFRPLQJSDOHEURZQ WR GDUN EURZQ PHDVXULQJ DW WKH EDVH ± ± ±  μm diam, smooth-walled, 7.4–14.4 × (6.1–)6.5–9.9(–12.3) μm. Conidial secession rhexolytic, with the rupture occurring at any point in the basal cell, but usually very close to the bottom. Sexual morph not observed. Culture characteristics: Colonies on corn meal agar (CMA) ÀDWHQWLUHHGJHVSRUXODWLRQDHULDOPRGHUDWHDHULDOP\FHOLXP surface yellowish brown (5F4) to greyish brown (5E3) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978) and reverse brownish grey (4F2) in the centre to olive brown (4E4)on the edge, reaching PPGLDP DIWHU ZN DW ƒ&XQGHU SKRWRSHULRG RI  K&RORQLHVRQSRWDWRGH[WURVHDJDU 3'$  ÀDW VSUHDGLQJ entire edge, with aerial sporulation, sparse to moderate aerial mycelium, surface olive brown (4E3) to medium grey (  DQG UHYHUVH GDUN EOXH )  LQ WKH FHQWUH WR GDUN JUH\ ) RQWKHHGJHUHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDW ƒ&XQGHUSKRWRSHULRGRIK&RORQLHVRQRDWPHDODJDU 2$  ÀDW HQWLUH HGJHPRGHUDWH DHULDO P\FHOLXP  VXUIDFH yellowish brown (5F4) in the centre to greyish brown (5D3) on WKHHGJHUHYHUVHGDUNEOXH ) LQWKHFHQWUHWRPHGLXP JUH\ ( RQWKHHGJHUHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDW ƒ&XQGHUSKRWRSHULRGRIK Habit, habitat and distribution: Pentagonomyces endophyticus was isolated as an endophytic fungus from roots of Musa acuminata (Dwarf Cavendish) in Itinga do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil. Typus: Brazil 0DUDQKmR ,WLQJD GR 0DUDQKmR ƒ¶1 ƒ¶( 1.5 m a.s.l., isolated as endophytic from roots of Musa acuminata (Musaceae), 14 Dec. 2021, F.A. Custódio (holotype VIC 49608; culture ex-type COAD 3971; ITS, LSU and rpb2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN PV155404, PV155405 and PV159346). Notes: Pentagonomyces UHSUHVHQWV D QHZ JHQXV RI GDUN septate endophytes belonging to Neoschizotheciaceae and differs phylogenetically from other genera in this family. Pentagonomyces is closely related to the monotypic genus Rinaldiella, W\SL¿HG Rinaldiella pentagonospora (Crous et al. 2014), and differs from this genus by producing aleuroconidia, and its endophytic habit. Rinaldiella pentagonospora was isolated from a contaminated human lesion, and represents a sexual morph with ostiolata, pyriform to subglobose ascomata, producing clavate, hyaline and aseptate when young, becoming brown and transversely 1-septate ascospores (Crous et al. 2014). Most of the genera belonging to the family NeoschizotheciaceaeDUHNQRZQIURP their sexual morphs (Huang et al. 2021). However, no sexual morph was observed in Pentagonomyces. Colour illustrations: Banana plants growing in a farm located at the ,WLQJDGR0DUDQKmR0DUDQKmRVWDWH%UD]LO&RORQLHVDIWHUZNDW ƒ& WRSWRERWWRPRQ3'$&0$DQG2$ DOHXULRFRQLGLDDULVLQJ laterally from the hyphae; aleurioconidium 2-celled; aleurioconidium 3-celled; aleurioconidia arising terminally from hyphae in cluster. Scale bars = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 537 0.2 Pentagonomyces endophyticus COAD 3971T PV155404/ PV155405/ PV159346 Lundqvistomyces tanzaniensis TRTC 51981T AY780081/ AY780197 Neoschizothecium selenosporum CBS 109403T MK926849/ MK926849/ MK876811 Cercophora newfieldiana SMH3303 AY780062/ AY780167 Immersiella immersa SMH2589 AY436408 Jugulospora minor CBS 380.86 MH873659/ MH861966 Jugulospora rotula FMR 12690 KP981437/ KP981620 Echria gigantospora F77.1 KF557674/ FJ196771 Neoschizothecium minicaudum CBS 227.87 MH873757/ MH862068 Apiosordaria vermicularis CBS 303.81 KP981427/ KP981609 Zopfiella erostrata CBS 255.71 AY999110/ AY999133 Pseudoechria decidua CBS 254.71T MK926842/ MK926842/ MK876804 Immersiella hirta E00204950 KF557675 Apiosordaria microcarpa CBS 692.82T MK926841/ MK926841/ MK876803 Podospora bullata CBS 115576TM H874548/ DQ166960 Neoschizothecium tetrasporum CBS 394.87 MH873776/ H862087 Neoschizothecium inaequale CBS 356.49T MK926846/ MK926846/ MK876808 Neoschizothecium glutinans CBS 134.83 AY999093/ AY999116 Cercophora mirabilis CBS 120402 KP981429/ KP981611 Immersiella immersa SMH4104 AY436409 Apodus deciduus CBS 506.70T MH871591/ MH859820 Pseudoechria longicollis CBS 368.52T MK926847/ MK926847/ MK876809 Neoschizothecium carpinicola CBS 228.87T MH873758/ MH862069 Podospora cupiformis CBS 246.71 AY999102/ AY999125 Neoschizothecium fimbriatum CBS 144.54 AY999092/ AY999115/ AY780189 Lundqvistomyces karachiensis CBS 657.74 MK926850/ MK926850/ MK876812 Immersiella caudata SMH3298 AY436407 Podospora excentrica CBS 118392 MH874583/ MH863030 Arnium cirriferum CBS 120041KF557673 Podospora communis CBS 118393 MH874584/ MH863031 Pseudoechria curvicolla IFO 8548 AY999099/ AY999122 Neoschizothecium aloides CBS 879.72 AY999097/ AY999120 Jugulospora rotula FMR 12781 KP981438/ KP981621 Cercophora thailandica MFLUCC 12.0845T KU863127/ KU940139/ KU940176 Podospora prethopodalis CBS 121128 AY999102/ AY999125 Microthecium quadrangulatum CBS 112763T MK926778/ MK926778/ MK876740 Jugulospora carbonaria ATCC 34567 AY346302/ AY780196 Rinaldiella pentagonospora CBS 132344TMH877453/ MH866007/ KP981625 Neoschizothecium conicum CBS 434.50 MH868218/ MH856702 Podospora intestinacea CBS 113106 AY999104/ AY999121 Pseudoechria curvicolla CBS 259.69 MH871064/ MH859327 Zopfiella tardifaciens CBS 670.82 TMK926855/ MK926855/ MK876817 Pseudoschizothecium atropurpureum SMH3073 AY780057/ AY780160 Podospora serotina CBS 252.71 MH871878/ MH860102 Neoschizothecium curvisporum CBS 507.50T AY999096/ AY999119 Microthecium tenuissimum CBS 112764T MK926780/ MK926780/ MK876742 Ramophialophora globispora LC6218 KU746745/ KU746699/ KY883252 Echria macrotheca Lundqvist 2311 KF557684 1 1 1 0.83 1 1 0.95 0.71 1 1 1 1 0.99 0.99 1 1 0.89 0.82 0.92 1 0.72 1 0.85 0.8 1 0.71 0.97 1 1 1 0.74 0.71 1 0.97 2x 2x %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Sordariomycetes sp. [strain PS5975 *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], “Uncultured fungus” >VWUDLQJE&7$B*HQ%DQN DQ900979; Identities = 574/575 (99 %), no gaps], and “Fungal sp.” >VWUDLQ $5,= $= *HQ%DQN +0 Identities = 619/635 (97 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Echria macrotheca [strain SMH3253, *HQ%DQN.),GHQWLWLHV   ¿YHJDSV (0 %)], Neomorinagamyces pyriformis [strain CGMCC *HQ%DQN1*B,GHQWLWLHV    Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on a dataset of ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences conducted in MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist et al. 2012) on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway (Miller et al. 2015). Taxa obtained from banana roots in Brazil are highlighted in bold. Ex-type isolates DUHPDUNHGDVXSHUVFULSWµµ7¶¶3RVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV SS •DUHVKRZQDWWKHEUDQFKHV7KHWUHHLVURRWHGZLWKMicrothecium quadrangulatum CBS 112763 and Microthecium tenuissimum CBS 112764 J.S. Santana, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; HPDLOMDFLDUDVDQWDQD#XIYEU F.A. Custódio, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: fabio.custodio@ufv.br O.L. Pereira, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: oliparini@ufv.br four gaps (0 %)], and Neomorinagamyces pyriformis [strain &*0&&*HQ%DQN24,GHQWLWLHV  (97 %), seven gaps (0 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence are Apiosordaria microcarpa [strain CBS 692.82, *HQ%DQN 0. ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], =RS¿HOODWDUGLIDFLHQV>VWUDLQ&%67*HQ%DQN MK876817; Identities = 372/453 (82 %), two gaps (0 %)], and Jugulospora rotula >VWUDLQ )05  *HQ%DQN KP981619; Identities = 384/480 (80 %), two gaps (0 %)]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment and tree). Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025538 Petchiella hymenopterorum Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 539 Fungal Planet 1852 MB 857643 Petchiella hymenopterorum 0RQJNROV 1RLVULSRRP Jangsantear & Luangsa-ard, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after the order of the insect host, Hymenoptera. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. Stromata solitary, unbranched, clavate, cream, 12–20 mm long, 1–1.5 mm broad. Rhizoids ÀH[XRXV DULVLQJ IURP WKH head region of hymenopteran pupal nest buried ca 5–10 mm underground. Fertile part occurs at the terminal end of stroma, VXERYRLG SDOH \HOORZ VOLJKWO\ ÀDWWHQHG WRXJK ± PP long, 2–4 mm broad. Perithecia pseudo-immersed, oblique, QDUURZO\ RYRLG ± î ± ȝP Asci cylindrical, VSRUHGXSWRȝPORQJ±ȝPZLGHZLWKFDS±ȝP WKLFNAscosporesK\DOLQHZKROH¿OLIRUPVHSWDWHH[WHQGLQJ to the length of ascus. Culture characteristics: Colonies on potato dextrose agar 3'$ ±PPGLDPLQGDWƒ&ZKLWHFRWWRQ\ZLWK high mycelial density, reverse pale brown. Vegetative hyphae VPRRWK VHSWDWH K\DOLQH ± ȝP ZLGH Phialides arising from vegetative hyphae, solitary, cylindrical or acremonium- OLNH XS WR  ȝP ORQJ ± ȝP ZLGH. Chlamydospores present, solitary, subglobose, (3–)4.5–7(–10) × (2–)3–5.5(–  ȝP Conidia aggregated at the apex of phialides, hyaline, ellipsoidal to cylindrical with round the ends, 1-celled, (6– ± ± î±ȝP Typus: Thailand, Kamphaeng Phet Province, Khlong Wang Chao :DWHUIDOO .KORQJ :DQJ &KDR 1DWLRQDO 3DUN RQ K\PHQRSWHUDQ pupae in the nest (Hymenoptera), soil, 8 Jun. 2022, B. Sakolrak & P. Jangsantear (holotype BBH51230; culture ex-type MY12858 = BCC 97167; ITS, LSU, tef1 and rpb1 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 33 PP446807, PP453599 and PP4453601). Additional material examined: Thailand, Kamphaeng Phet Province, Khlong Wang Chao Waterfall, Khlong :DQJ &KDR 1DWLRQDO 3DUN K\PHQRSWHUDQ SXSDH LQ WKH nest (Hymenoptera), soil, 8 Jun. 2022, B. Sakolrak & P. Jangsantear, BBH51231, culture MY12860 = BCC 97168, ITS, LSU and tef1 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 33 PP446808 and PP453600. Notes: Petchiella (syn. Petchia), a genus introduced by 7KDQDNLWSLSDWWDQD et al. (2020), currently comprises two recognized species: P. siamensis and P. mantidicola, as listed LQ0\FR%DQN ZZZP\FREDQNRUJDFFHVVHG)HE  These species were originally described from Thailand and Japan, respectively, and are found on the oothecae of praying mantis (Mantidae). Both P. siamensis and P. mantidicola produce cream, terminal, obovoid perithecial heads. In contrast, P. hymenopterorum, which occurs on hymenopteran SXSDO QHVWV SURGXFHV VOLJKWO\ ÀDWWHQHG SHULWKHFLDO KHDGV The ascospores of P. hymenopterorum and P. siamensis remain whole, whereas those of P. mantidicola disarticulate into part-spores (Kobayasi & Shimizu 1983). Additionally, the arrangement of perithecia in P. hymenopterorum is oblique, differing from the ordinal arrangement observed in P. siamensis and P. mantidicola. On PDA, conidia and reproductive structures in P. hymenopterorum are produced sparingly. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Periglandula sp. WB-2014 [strain ,OHS*5,1*HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV    16 gaps (3 %)], Periglandula sp. 1 WB-2014 [strain Ilep13D, *HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (3 %)] and Periglandula sp. 3 WB-2014 [strain IargGRIN, *HQ%DQN.3,GHQWLWLHV   JDSV (3 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Periglandula sp. 1 :% >VWUDLQ ,OHS*5,1 *HQ%DQN .3 Identities = 473/513 (92 %), 16 gaps (3 %)], Periglandula sp. 1 WB-2014 >VWUDLQ ,OHS'*HQ%DQN.3 ,GHQWLWLHV = 470/510 (92 %), 16 gaps (3 %)] and Periglandula sp. 3 WB-2014 >VWUDLQ ,DUJ*5,1 *HQ%DQN .3 ,GHQWLWLHV = 470/510 (92 %), 18 gaps, (3 %)]. Closest hits using the tef1 sequence are Periglandula ipomoeae [strain IasaF13, *HQ%DQN .3 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps],0HWDUKL]LXPÀDYRYLULGH>VWUDLQ$56()*HQ%DQN KJ398804; Identities = 891/988 (90 %), six gaps (0 %)] and 0HWDUKL]LXP ÀDYRYLULGH var ÀDYRYLULGH [strain ARSEF  *HQ%DQN '4 ,GHQWLWLHV      six gaps, (0 %)]. Closest hits using the rpb1 sequence are Petchia siamensis >VWUDLQ%&&*HQ%DQN0. Identities = 520/563(92 %), no gaps], Clavicipitaceae sp. >VWUDLQ 7&) *HQ%DQN +4 ,GHQWLWLHV   (91 %), no gaps] and Clavicipitaceae sp. [strain IasaredF01, *HQ%DQN+4,GHQWLWLHV   QRJDSV@ Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment, phylogenetic tree and table). Colour illustrations%DFNJURXQGSKRWRRI1DWLRQDO3DUNLQ7KDLODQG Fungi on hosts; perithecia part; perithecia; ascus (left), ascospores (right); culture on PDA (obverse and reverse); chlamydospores on 3'$SKLDOLGHVZLWKFRQLGLD DFUHPRQLXPOLNH RQ3'$FRQLGLDRQ PDA; Scale bars: fungi on insect host = 5 mm; perithecia part = 2 mm; SHULWKHFLD ȝPDVFXVDVFRVSRUHV ȝPFKODP\GRVSRUHV  ȝPSKLDOLGHVFRQLGLD ȝP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025540 0.1 Petchiella hymenopterorum BCC 97168 Petchiella hymenopterorum BCC 97167 100/1 Petchiella siamensis BCC 68420 Petchiella siamensis BCC 73636 100/1 100/1 Verticillium epiphytum CBS 154.61 Verticillium epiphytum CBS 384.81 100/1 Periglandula ipomoeae IasaF 13 97/1 Helicocollum surathaniense BCC 34463 Helicocollum surathaniense BCC 34464 100/1 Tyrannicordyceps fratricida TNS 19011 Atkinsonella hypoxylon B 4728 Balansia pilulaeformis A.E.G. 94-2 100/1 Balansia henningsiana GAM 16112 100/1 Myriogenospora atramentosa A.E.G. 96-32100/1 Aciculosporium siamense BCC 85382 Aciculosporium siamense BCC 85384 100/1 Aciculosporium monostipum INBio 6141 Aciculosporium take MAFF 241224 Aciculosporium phalaridis CCC 293 97/1 Corallocytostroma ornithocopreoides WAC 8705 84/1 Claviceps purpurea S.A.cp 11 Claviceps purpurea GAM 12885 100/1 74/0.99 Epichloë typhina ATCC56429 Epichloë elymi C. Schard l76100/1 99/1 Samuelsia rufobrunnea P.C.613 Samuelsia chalalensis P.C.560 100/1 Hypocrella discoidea I93-901D Aschersonia samoensis BCC 2097 100/1 100/1 Moelleriella phyllogena P.C.555 Moelleriella phyllogena J.B.130 100/1 Regiocrella sinensis CUPCH 2640 Regiocrella camerunensis CUP 67512 97/1 Shimizuomyces cinereus BBH 41714 Shimizuomyces cinereus BBH 41715 100/1 Shimizuomyces paradoxus EFCC 6564 Shimizuomyces paradoxus EFCC 6279100/1 100/1 Morakotia fusca BCC 64125 Morakotia fusca BCC 79272 70/0.74 Morakotia fusca BCC 79273 100/1 81/1 Metarhizium minus ARSEF 2037 Metarhizium minus ARSEF 1099 0.96 0.87 0.84 100/1 Metarhizium anisopliae CBS 130.71 86/0.88 Nigelia aurantiacaBCC 37627 Nigelia aurantiacaBCC 37621 100/1 92/1 Metapochonia goniodesCBS 891.72 Rotiferophthora angustisporaCBS 101437 Ustilaginoidea virens MAFF 240421 Ustilaginoidea virens ATCC 16180 100/1 Purpureomyces khaoyaiensisBCC 14290 Purpureomyces khaoyaiensisBCC 1376 100/1 100/1 Conoideocrella tenuisNHJ 6791 Conoideocrella tenuisNHJ 6293 100/1 Conoideocrella luteorostrata NHJ 11343 Conoideocrella luteorostrataNHJ 12516100/1 99/1 Dussiella tuberiformiJ.F.White 98/1 Orbiocrella petchii NHJ 6209 Orbiocrella petchiiNHJ 6240 100/1 100/1 Simplicillium lanosoniveumCBS 704.86 Simplicillium lanosoniveum CBS 101267 0.86 0.92 0.93 0.96 0.94 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.82 3K\ORJHQHWLFWUHHGHULYHGIURPD0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG 0/ DQDO\VLVEDVHGRQDFRPELQHG dataset comprising LSU, tef1 and rpb1 sequences. 7KHGDWDZDVDQDO\VHGXVLQJ0D[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ DQG%D\HVLDQLQIHUHQFH %, 7KH0/DQDO\VLVZDVUXQZLWK5$[0/9,+3&Y 6WDPDWDNLV RQ;6('(LQWKH&,35(6SRUWDO ZZZSK\ORRUJ %D\HVLDQLQIHUHQFHZDVFDOFXODWHGZLWK0U%D\HVY 5RQTXLVWet al.  ZLWK0JHQHUDWLRQVDQG0U0RGHOWHVWY 1\ODQGHU XQGHUWKH*75,*PRGHO1XPEHUVDWWKHVLJQL¿FDQWQRGHVUHSUHVHQW PD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGERRWVWUDS 0/% DQG%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV %33 0/%%337KHQHZVSHFLHVSURSRVHGLQWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\LV highlighted and indicated in bold text. 60RQJNROVDPULW:1RLVULSRRP--/XDQJVDDUG%,27(&1DWLRQDO6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\'HYHORSPHQW$JHQF\ 167'$ 7KDLODQG 6FLHQFH3DUN3KDKRQ\RWKLQ5RDG.KORQJ1XHQJ.KORQJ/XDQJ3DWKXP7KDQL7KDLODQG HPDLOVXFKDGD#ELRWHFRUWKZDVDQDQRL#ELRWHFRUWK MDMHQ#ELRWHFRUWK 3-DQJVDQWHDU)RUHVW(QWRPRORJ\DQG0LFURELRORJ\*URXS)RUHVWDQG3ODQW&RQVHUYDWLRQ5HVHDUFK2I¿FH'HSDUWPHQWRI1DWLRQDO3DUNV :LOGOLIHDQG3ODQW&RQVHUYDWLRQ3KDKRO\RWKLQ5RDG&KDWXFKDN%DQJNRN7KDLODQGHPDLONURQJMDL#KRWPDLOFRP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 541 Polyschema endophytica Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025542 Fungal Planet 1853 MB 857952 Polyschema endophytica J.A. Oliveira, L.N.P. Silva & O.L. Pereira, sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet refers to the endophytic habitat associated with coffee plant roots. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Polyschema, Latoruaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. 'DUNVHSWDWHHQGRSK\WH '6( LVRODWHGRQFXOWXUHPHGLDIURP surface-disinfested healthy roots of a coffee plant. Mycelium VXSHU¿FLDOFRPSRVHGRIEUDQFKHGVHSWDWHK\DOLQHWRGDUN EURZQSUHGRPLQDQWO\GDUNEURZQWKLQZDOOHGWRYHUUXFXORVH hyphae ± ȝP ZLGH Conidiophores hyaline, septate, XQEUDQFKHGXSWRȝPWDOO±ȝPZLGHPDFURQHPDWRXV or micronematous. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, KHPLVSKHULFDOVXEVSKHULFDORUF\OLQGULFDO±î±ȝP and sometimes inconspicuous. Conidia solitary, aseptate, JORERVH VXEJORERVH WR HOOLSVRLGDO VPRRWKZDOOHG GDUN brown, sometimes formed directly on hyphae or in the apical cells of the conidiophore. Chlamydospores not observed. Culture characteristics: Colonies on potato carrot agar (PCA) ÀDW ZLWK XQGXODWH HGJH DHULDO P\FHOLXP SURIXVH FRWWRQ\ VPRNHJUH\FRORXULQWKHFHQWUHWRROLYDFHRXVEXIISHULSKHU\ on surface, reverse umber colour in the centre to olivaceous buff periphery (Rayner 1970), reaching 26 mm diam. after ZNDWƒ&LQWKHGDUN&RORQLHVRQSRWDWRGH[WURVHDJDU (PDA) raised with undulate edge, aerial mycelium profuse, cottony, greyish sepia colour in the centre to lavender buff periphery surface, reverse umber colour in the centre to KRQH\ RQ SHULSKHU\ UHDFKLQJ  PP GLDP DIWHU  ZN DW ƒ& LQ WKHGDUN&RORQLHVRQPDOWH[WUDFWDJDU 0($ ÀDW with entire edge, aerial mycelium profuse, mouse grey colour in the surface, reverse iron grey, reaching 37 mm diam. after ZNDW ƒ& LQ WKHGDUN&RORQLHVRQRDWPHDO DJDU 2$  ÀDWZLWKHQWLUHHGJHDHULDOP\FHOLXPSURIXVHIXVFRXVEODFN colour in the centre to greenish olivaceous surface, reverse RFKUHRXVEXIIUHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&LQ WKHGDUN Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, 20º41’20’’S, 42º49’36’’W, isolated from healthy roots of coffee plant, Oct. 2024, O.L. Pereira & J.A. Oliveira (holotype VIC 49616, culture ex-type COAD 3972; ITS DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN39DQG39  Notes: Polyschema was introduced by Upadhyay (1966) and included in Latoruaceae by Crous et al. (2015a). Polyschema FRQVLVWHG RI  VSHFLHV DOUHDG\ GHVFULEHG IURP VRLOV ODNH sediments, decaying plant materials, and human clinical specimens (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2000, Crous et al. 2015b). 7R RXU NQRZOHGJH WKLV LV WKH ¿UVW UHSRUW RI DPolyschema species as a root endophyte. Polyschema endophytica is a root HQGRSK\WHZLWKGDUNVHSWDWHK\SKDHFRPPRQO\UHIHUUHGWRDV GDUNVHSWDWHHQGRSK\WHV '6( DQGWKH¿UVW'6(UHSRUWHG in Polyschema and the second in Latoruaceae (Crous et al. 2024b). Polyschema endophytica is phylogenetically close to Polyschema terricola, the type species of the genus. Compared to the P. terricola, P. endophytica has 95.34 % identity and 23 polymorphisms, including gaps for the ITS region, and 98.63 % identity with LSU and 12 polymorphisms, including gaps. Additionally, the two species are morphologically distinct. Polyschema endophytica produces solitary, smooth- walled, globose, subglobose to ellipsoidal ameroconidia, with micronematous and macronematous conidiophores. In contrast, P. terricola produces subglobose to pyriform or clavate, 1–4-septate conidia with verruculose walls, with micronematous conidiophores (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2000, Seifert et al. 2011). A distinctive feature of P. endophytica is its ameroconidia, which has never been reported before for Polyschema. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had the highest similarity to Dothideomycetes sp. isolate from the seed of Cecropia longipes in Panama [PS2959, *HQ%DQN0: ,GHQWLWLHV      QLQH gaps (1 %)], Polyschema terricola isolate from soil in Brazil >&%6  *HQ%DQN0+ ,GHQWLWLHV   (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)], and Fungal sp. isolate from the seed of Ficus insipida>36*HQ%DQN.<,GHQWLWLHV = 582/611 (95 %), nine gaps (1 %)]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Polyschema terricola isolate from soil in Brazil >&%6*HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV  866/878 (99 %), three gaps (0 %)], Polyschema larviformis IURP ODNH VHGLPHQWV LQ WKH86$ >,//6*HQ%DQN MH472659.1; Identities = 970/991 (98 %), four gaps (0 %)], and Pseudoasteromassaria fagi from Japan [HHUF 30471, *HQ%DQN  1*B ,GHQWLWLHV       gaps (1 %)]. Supplementary material: KWWSV¿JVKDUHFRPV f8546f3ac4ee02e5d16b (alignment and tree). Colour illustrations: Young coffee plant growing in the undergrowth of a forest reserve called Mata do Paraíso at Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Top to bottom: conidia and conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, conidia formed directly on hyphae, conidia, colony on PCA. Scale bars = 20 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 543 0.05 Pseudoxylomyces elegans HHUF:30139 LC014593.1/AB807598.1 Verrucohypha endophytica COAD 3604T PP913763/PP913764 Polyschema terricola CBS 301.65T MH858576/MH870213 Pseudoasteromassaria fagi HHUF 30471T NR_154376/NG_059805 Falciformispora senegalensis CBS 198.79 KF015675/KF015627 Pseudoasteromassaria aquatica MFLUCC 18-1397T MT627674.1/MN913721.1 Longipedicellata aptrootii MFLUCC 10-0297 KU238893/KU238894 Latorua caligans CBS 576.65T KR873232/KR873266 Matsushimamyces venustus CBS 140212T KT428157/KT428158 Longipedicellata aptrootii MFLUCC 16-0244 -/KY066739 Polyschema congolensis CBS 542.73 MH860770/MH872486 Latorua grootfonteinensis CBS 369.72T -/KR873267 Polyschema sclerotigenum UTHSC:DI14-305T NR_137973/KP769976 Matsushimamyces bohaniensis CBEC001T KP765516/KR350633 Multiverruca sinensis GZUIFR 22.040 ON230025/ON230022 Falciformispora tompkinsii CBS 200.79T KF015670/KF015625 Polyschema larviformis CBS 463.88 -/EF204503 Pseudoasteromassaria spadicea MFLUCC 15-0973T KY522726/KY522724 Multiverruca sinensis CGMCC 3.20956T ON230024/ON230021 Polyschema endophytica COAD 3972T PV206769/PV206770 Triseptata sexualis MFLUCC 11-0005T NR_169710/NG_073814 Triseptata podargi-strigoidis BRIP 76063aT NR_191342.1/NG_243442.1 Polyschema larviformis ILLS00171087 -/EF204503 Pseudoasteromassaria fagi HHUF 30472 LC061595/LC061590 1 1 1 1 1 0,99 0,75 1 1 1 1 0,98 Bayesian inference tree obtained by phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequences conducted in MrBayes v. 3.2.7a on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway. Bayesian posterior probability values > 0.70 are indicated at the nodes. Strains with an ex-type status are indicated with a superscript ‘T’. The new species is shown in bold and colour face. Falciformispora tompkinsii (CBS 200.79) and Falciformispora senegalensis (CBS 198.79) were used as outgroups. J.A. Oliveira, L.N.P. Silva & O.L. Pereira, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: MDTXHOLQHDROLYHLUD#XIYEU, leila.n.silva@ufv.br & oliparini@ufv.br Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025544 Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 545 Fungal Planet 1854 MB 858817 Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum 3LąWHN &]DFKXUD sp. nov. Etymology 1DPHG DIWHU WKH0RGU]\QD5HVHUYH LQ WKH %HVNLG 1LVNL0WVLQ3RODQGZKHUHWKHIXQJXVZDVFROOHFWHG &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Roussoellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Mycelium composed of branched, septate, hyaline or brown, VPRRWKRU¿QHO\YHUUXFRVHWKLQZDOOHGK\SKDH±—PZLGH Conidiomata semi-immersed, erumpent, pycnidial, globose, XSWR—PGLDPZLWKDFHQWUDORVWLROHH[XGLQJDEODFN conidial mass, enclosed by a wall of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, lining the inner cavity, discrete, ampulliform, rarely doliiform, hyaline, VPRRWK SKLDOLGLF PRVWO\ ZLWKRXW QHFN ± î ± —P Conidia solitary, ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, golden brown, UDUHO\VXEK\DOLQHRUSDOHEURZQ¿QHO\YHUUXFXORVHDVHSWDWH WKLFNZDOOHG±î ± ±—PZDOOFD—PWKLFN [Description based on malt extract agar (MEA)]. Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA convex, slightly radially folded from the colony centre toward the margin, pale grey at the centre becoming whitish toward the margin, UHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&DQGPPGLDP DIWHUZNDWƒ&PDUJLQXQGXODWHUHYHUVHSDOHJUHHQDW the centre becoming pale buff toward the margin. Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) slightly convex, pale buff, with SDOHJUH\DHULDOK\SKDHUHDFKLQJPPGLDPDIWHUZNDW ƒ&DQGPPGLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&PDUJLQVOLJKWO\ undulate, reverse pale green at the centre becoming pale buff toward the margin. Typus: Poland3RGNDUSDFNLH3URYLQFH.URVQR&RXQW\0RGU]\QD 5HVHUYH FD  NP VRXWK RI'XNOD FLW\ LVRODWHG IURP WKH UHVLQ RI Larix decidua ssp. polonica (Pinaceae), 22 Oct. 2020, P. Czachura (holotype KRAM F-60025, culture ex-type PLM7 = CBS 153696; ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 39 39 PV275093 and PV275094). Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae 3KXNKDPV et al.) 3KXNKDPVet al., Index Fungorum 357: 1. 2018. Basionym: Neoconiothyrium rosae3KXNKDPVet al., Fungal Diversity 89: 165. 2018. [Effectively published: 13 March 2018]. New synonyms: Roussoella euonymi&URXV $NXORYFungal Syst. Evol. 1: 204. 2018. [Effectively published: 18 April 2018]. Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi &URXV  $NXORY  3KXNKDPV .'+\GHFungal Diversity 102: 112. 2020. Notes: The genus Pseudoneoconiothyrium (replaced synonym: Neoconiothyrium, nom. illeg.) includes two species P. euonymi and P. rosaeWKDWSURGXFHFRQLRWK\ULXPOLNHDVH[XDO morphs with pycnidial conidiomata, annellidic conidiogenous cells and golden brown to orange brown, globose to ellipsoid, aseptate, verruculose conidia (Wanasinghe & Hyde 2018, Wanasinghe et al.  3KXNKDPVDNGDet al. 2020). The type species P. rosae was described from dead spines of Rosa canina collected in Italy (Wanasinghe & Hyde 2018, Wanasinghe et al. 2018) and also found on dead hanging stem of Galium sp. and living stem of Lonicera sp. in Italy (Hyde et al. 2020). The second described species P. euonymi (syn. Roussoella euonymi LVNQRZQIURPIDOOHQEUDQFKHVRI Euonymus europaeus LQ WKH 8NUDLQH EUDQFKHV RIPrunus aviumLQ*HUPDQ\DQGSDSHULQWKH6ORYDN5HSXEOLF &URXV et al. E %LHQ  'DPP  3KXNKDPVDNGD et al.  3DYORYLüet al. 2023). Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae and P. euonymi are close morphologically, ecologically and phylogenetically. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs *HQ%DQNQXFOHRWLGHGDWDEDVHVHTXHQFHVLPLODULW\EHWZHHQ different strains analysed in this study is 99–100 % (0–4 bp differences) in ITS, 100 % (no differences) in LSU, 99 % (1 bp difference) in rpb2. The latter name is therefore included in synonymy with P. rosae. Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum is different from P. rosae (incl. P. euonymi) in that its conidiogenous cells XVXDOO\ ODFN HORQJDWHG QHFNV ZLWK SHUFXUUHQW SUROLIHUDWLRQV and conidia are smaller (6–8 × 3–7 μm in P. rosae; Crous et al. 2018b, Wanasinghe et al. 2018). Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum is also different phylogenetically and ecologically as it inhabits gymnosperm exudates (resin). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi [culture GLMC 1544, *HQ%DQN 07 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps], Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae [culture UESTCC *HQ%DQN34,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps] and Xenoroussoella triseptata [culture KNUF-20- 1, *HQ%DQN /& ,GHQWLWLHV      one gap (0 %)]. The closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae [culture MFLUCC 15- *HQ%DQN1*B ,GHQWLWLHV      one gap (0 %)], Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi [culture &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV   (99 %), one gap (0 %)] and Xenoroussoella triseptata >FXOWXUH;<B*HQ%DQN25,GHQWLWLHV  (99 %), one gap (0 %)]. The closest hits using the rpb2 sequence are Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi [culture &%6  *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV   (96 %), no gaps], Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae [culture ,7*HQ%DQN01 ,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps] and Pseudoroussoella elaeicola [culture MFLUCC *HQ%DQN07,GHQWLWLHV    no gaps]. The closest hits using the tub2 sequence are Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi [culture CBS 143426, *HQ%DQN0+,GHQWLWLHV   QRJDSV@ Colour illustrations 5HVLQ RQ WKH EDUN RI Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Poland. Conidiomata on MEA; wall of textura angularis; conidiogenous cells; conidia, median and surface view. Scale bars = 10 μm. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025546 0.03 Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae MFLUCC 18-1353 (MN783333/MN783330/MN814846/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi 9F (OQ147253/–/–/–) Pseudoroussoella bidenticola MFLUCC 24-0273T (PQ226192/PQ226195/PQ240625/–) Pararoussoella mukdahanensis MFLUCC 11-0201T (KU940129/KU863118/–/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae MFLUCC 15-0052T (MG828922/MG829032/–/–) Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae MFLUCC 17-1492T (MT214345/MT214439/–/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum CBS 153696T (PV264893/PV264894/PV275093/PV275094) Neoroussoella sedimenticola CGMCC 3.22468T (OQ798948/OQ758143/OQ809007/–) Xenoroussoella triseptata MFLUCC 17-1438T (MT214343/MT214437/MT235804/–) Pararoussoella mangrovei MFLUCC 16-0424T (MH025951/MH023318/MH028250/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae MFLUCC 19-0494 (MN783331/MN783329/–/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi GLMC 1544 (MT153733/MT156304/–/–) Pararoussoella rosarum MFLUCC 17-0796T (MG828939/MG829048/–/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium rosae UESTCC 23.0421 (PQ394050/PQ184697/–/–) Pararoussoella juglandicola CBS 145037T (MK442607/MK442543/MK442671/–) Pararoussoella quercina CBS 145567T (MT223828/MT223920/–/–) Neoroussoella bambusae MFLUCC 11-0124T (KJ474827/KJ474839/KJ474856/–) Pseudoroussoella elaeicola MFLUCC 17-1483 (MT214348/MT214442/MT235808/–) Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi CBS 143426T (MH107915/MH107961/MH108007/MH108049) Pararoussoella lincangensis KUMCC 21-0619T (OQ158960/OQ170882/–/–) 99/1 100/1 96/1 100/1 100/1 100/1 91/0.99 96/1 100/1 100/1 –/0.98 P seudoneoconiothyrium rosae 03LąWHN 3&]DFKXUD:6]DIHU,QVWLWXWHRI%RWDQ\3ROLVK$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV/XELF]3/.UDNyZ3RODQG HPDLOPSLDWHN#ERWDQ\SO SF]DFKXUD#ERWDQ\SO Phylogenetic tree of selected members of the family Roussoellaceae REWDLQHG IURPDPD[LPXP OLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVRI WKH FRPELQHGPXOWL locus alignment (2666 characters, including gaps: ITS/LSU/rpb2/tub2  7KH PD[LPXP OLNHOLKRRG DQDO\VLV ZDV SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ 5$[0/ NG v. 1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. 2019) and the Bayesian inference was performed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The position of Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum is indicated in bold DQGPDUNHG E\ FRORXUHG EORFN ([W\SH FXOWXUHV DUH LQGLFDWHGZLWK VXSHUVFULSW 71XPEHUVDERYHEUDQFKHV LQGLFDWHPD[LPXP OLNHOLKRRG 0/% VXSSRUW YDOXHV• DQG%D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV %33 • respectively (MLB/BPP). Neoroussoella bambusae and Neoroussoella sedimenticola were used as an outgroup. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. Thelebolus microsporus >FXOWXUH &%6  *HQ%DQN AY957544; Identities = 173/201 (86 %), seven gaps (3 %)] and Thelebolus ellipsoideus>FXOWXUH&%6*HQ%DQN AY957542; Identities = 173/201 (86 %), seven gaps (3 %)]. Supplementary material: https://doi.org/10.6084/ P¿JVKDUHY DOLJQPHQW  Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 547 Puccinia scleriae-rugosaePuccinia clemensiorum Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025548 Fungal Planet 1855 MB 857505 Puccinia clemensiorum Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after Mary Strong Clemens (1873–1965) and her husband Joseph Clemens (1862–1936), who from about 1922 WRZRUNHGWRJHWKHULQVRXWKHDVW$VLDDVSURIHVVLRQDOIXOOWLPH plant collectors. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes. Uredinia on culms of Eleocharis ochrostachys, scattered on pale brown lesions, linear up to 5 mm long, bullate, reddish brown. Urediniospores subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal or obovoid, 21–28 × 17–22 μm, golden brown; wall 1.5–3(–4) μm wide, uneven, with two conspicuous superequatorial or scattered germ pores ca 2 μm diam., sparsely and minutely echinulate. Telia not seen. Typus: Australia, Queensland, Cairns, rust on culms of Eleocharis ochrostachys (Cyperaceae), Oct. 2013, R.G. Shivas, T.S. Marney & T. Denchev (holotype specimen BRIP 59686a; ITS, LSU and CO3 VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34.;DQG.;  Additional materials examined: Australia, Queensland, Innisfail, uredinia on culms of E. equisetina, 30 Nov. 1941, R.F.N. Langdon (BRIP 3579a, IMI 58161); Queensland, Brisbane, uredinia on culms of E. equisetina, 16 Feb. 1943, R.F.N. Langdon (BRIP 3580a, IMI 58180); Queensland, Brisbane, uredinia on culms of E. philippinensis, 5 Apr. 1943, M.S. Clemens (BRIP 3581a, IMI 58171); Queensland, 0DFND\ XUHGLQLD RQ FXOPV RIE. dulcis, 18 Mar. 1996, G. Gunning (BRIP 23202a); Queensland, Tully, uredinia on culms of E. dulcis, L.I. Forsberg & M. Ottone (BRIP 27975a); Northern Territory, Adelaide River, uredinia on culms of E. dulcis, 3 Jun. 2016, R.S. James (BRIP 65231a). Notes: Puccinia clemensiorum infects culms of some Eleocharis spp. native to Australia and Southeast Asia. Five rust species, Puccinia eleocharidis, P. incomposita, P. liberta, Uredo eleocharidicola, and Uromyces eleocharidis have been described on Eleocharis spp. in the American continents (Kern 1919); and one, Uredo eleocharidis-variegatae, from $IULFD *M UXPet al. 2003). There are little publicly available sequence data for the rusts on Eleocharis spp., and no barcode sequences are available from type specimens for the QDPHVOLVWHGDERYH/pYHLOOp%RXUUHWet al. (2021) included VHTXHQFHGDWD IRUVSHFLPHQV LGHQWL¿HGDVP. liberta (on E. albibracteata VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU'$20*HQ%DQN MW009485) and Uromyces eleocharidis (on E. palustris; VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU '$20  *HQ%DQN 0:  from South and North America, respectively. The sequences SURYLGHG E\ /pYHLOOp%RXUUHW et al. (2021) differ from the those we obtained from P. clemensiorum [compared with P. liberta *HQ%DQN0: ,GHQWLWLHV    seven gaps (3 %); and U. eleocharidis *HQ%DQN0: Identities 254/288 (88 %), 20 gaps (6 %)]. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI WKH 1&%, *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest relevant hits with the LSU sequence of P. clemensiorum were P. caricis-shepherdiae >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU '$20  *HQ%DQN 0: Identities 1018/1034 (98 %), two gaps (0 %)], P. cyperi >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU %5,3  *HQ%DQN .8 Identities 1022/1035 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], P. emiliae >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU %3,  *HQ%DQN .< Identities 1017/1035 (98 %), three gaps (0 %)], P. granularis >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU 8 *HQ%DQN 24 ,GHQWLWLHV 1016/1034 (98 %)], P. merrilliana [specimen voucher %5,3  *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV  (99 %), one gap (0 %)], P. thunbergiae [specimen voucher 8 *HQ%DQN 24 ,GHQWLWLHV   @ P. xanthii >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU %5,3  *HQ%DQN KX999896; Identities 1017/1037 (98 %), three gaps (0 %)], and Uromyces silphii [specimen voucher DAOM 182148; *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV    IRXU gaps (0 %)]. The closest relevant hits with the ITS region of P. clemensiorum were P. canaliculata [strain TA436; *HQ%DQN 2/ ,GHQWLWLHV     JDSV (3 %)], P. doidgeae >VWUDLQ 7$ *HQ%DQN 2/ Identities 502/528 (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)], P. obscura [specimen voucher KR14322; Identities 584/641 (91 %), 21 gaps (3 %)], P. tenuis [specimen voucher DAOM 2618; *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV     JDSV (1 %)]. The closest relevant hits with the CO3 sequence of P. clemensiorum were Endophyllum mpenjatiense >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU8*HQ%DQN25 ,GHQWLWLHV 591/591 (100 %)], P. canaliculata [specimen voucher BRIP  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV   @ P. caricina >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU %5,3  *HQ%DQN KX999912; Identities 502/503 (99 %)], P. dimidipes [holotype VSHFLPHQ =7 0\F *HQ%DQN 0+ ,GHQWLWLHV 512/548 (93 %)], P. lagenophorae [specimen voucher BRIP  *HQ%DQN .7 ,GHQWLWLHV   @P. muehlenbeckiae >VSHFLPHQYRXFKHU%5,3*HQ%DQN KX999925; Identities 605/607 (99 %)], P. scirpi [specimen YRXFKHU %5,3  *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV 606/609 (99 %)], and P. ursiniae [specimen voucher BRIP *HQ%DQN.7,GHQWLWLHV  @ Colour illustrations&DSHKRORW\SH VSHFLPHQ +0-$8 *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV    ¿YH JDSV  @ P. maurea >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU 3''  *HQ%DQN 0= ,GHQWLWLHV    ¿YH JDSV   P. maureanui >KRORW\SH VSHFLPHQ 3''  *HQ%DQN 0= Identities 947/969 (98 %), four gaps (0 %)], P. scirpi >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU %5,3  *HQ%DQN .; Identities 953/970 (98 %), two gaps (0 %)], P. thunbergiae [specimen voucher U260; Identities 947/969 (98 %); two gaps (0 %)], Uromyces silphii [specimen voucher DAOM  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV    four gaps (0 %)]. Fungal Planet 1856 MB 857506 Puccinia scleriae-rugosae Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov. Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025550 79/ 81/ 73/ 82/ 85/0.95 83/ 97/ 92/ 98/1.0 100/1.0 100/1.0 97/0.99 99/ 100/ 98/1.0 86/ 100/1.0 100/1.0 72/ 100/1.0 99/0.96 99 80/ 99/1.0 100/ 100 /1.0 100/1.0 100/1.0 100/1.0 100/1.0 97/0.99 88/ 100/1.0 87/ 84/ 94/ 99/0.96 100/1.0 100/1.0 90/ 98/ 95/ 100/1.0 Puccini philippinensis PURN22480 RH Puccinia canaliculata BRIP 40326 OL437029 Puccini philippinensis BPI 882065 RH Puccinia canaliculata BRIP 57789 MW147046 Puccinia cyperi BRIP 60997 KU296885 Puccinia merrilliana BRIP 56913 KX999885 Puccinia clemensiorum BRIP 59686* KX999881 Puccinia granularis BPI 871774 OQ215047 Puccinia granularis BPI 871775 OQ215048 Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis BPI 910264 KY764152 Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis BRIP 57414 KX999887 Dietelia codiaei PURN16488 MW049255 Endophyllum stachytarphetae BPI 844169 MW147042 Endophyllum cassiae BPI 871369 MW049258 Puccinia thunbergiae U260 OQ215074 Puccinia spegazzinii BPI 844313 RH Puccinia spegazzinii BPI 864131 RH Puccinia tenuis DAOM 2618 MW009562 Puccinia tenuis DAOM 14814 MW009561 Puccinia xanthii BRIP 56946 KX999896 Puccinia paupercula JRH232 RH Puccinia paupercula JRH235 RH Puccinia emiliae BPI 910237 KY764120 Puccinia africana PREM62244 RH Puccinia urticata PDD 95255 KX985749 Puccinia urticata PDD 95256 KX985748 Puccinia caricis BPI 893251 KY798371 Puccinia iridis BPI 878028 RH Puccinia caricis-shepherdiae DAOM 181319 MW009426 Puccinia junci PDD 99243 AF426203 Uromyces silphii DAOM 182148 MW009483 Puccinia caricina BRIP 57951 KX999870 Puccinia caricis DUCC507 KM110789 Puccinia lagenophorae BRIP 57563 KF690696 Puccinia lagenophorae PURN24039 OP718536 Puccinia xanthosiae BRIP 57729 KF690706 Puccinia haemodori BRIP 56965 KF690692 Puccinia haemodori BRIP 57767 KF690693 Puccinia saccardoi BRIP 57775 KF690701 Puccinia gilgiana BRIP 57719 KF690691 Puccinia gilgiana BRIP 57723 KF690690 Puccinia marjaniae BRIP 61027* KX999892 Puccinia scleriae-rugosae BRIP 56911* KX999893 Puccinia maurea PDD 105353 MZ766496 Puccinia maurea PDD 111590 MZ766495 Puccinia komarovii IMI 500571a KC460253 Puccinia komarovii IMI 502239 KC460225 Puccinia argentata IMI 502182 KC433395 Puccinia caricis BPI 878008 OL437031 Puccinia caricis BPI 893278 KY798380 Puccinia collinsiae BPI 843758 RH Uromyces ficariae BPI 872009 RH Uromyces rumicis PURN22874 RH Puccinia ludwigii BRIP 60129 KX999883 Puccinia cyperi ZP-R424 MK518753 Puccinia cyperi ZP-R452 MK518713 Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae BPI 872248 RH Puccinia silvatica TUB 011528 AY222048 Puccinia antirrhinin LSUM121847 RH Puccinia antirrhinin PURN16100 RH Puccinia dioicae BPI 879279 GU058019 Puccinia fumosa BPI 910238A KY764121 Puccinia fumosa BPI 910239 KY764122 Puccinia atropuncta BPI 863485 RH Puccinia atrofusca DAOM 151011 MW009474 Puccinia otagensis PDD 104485 KX985737 Puccinia tiritea PDD 107783 KX985736 Puccinia rhei-undulati PDD 104489 KX985743 Puccinia rhei-undulati PDD 101523 KX985739 Puccinia tiritea PDD 97495 KX985742 Puccinia otagensis PDD 102314 KX985741 Puccinia rubefaciens PURN16128 RH Uromyces trifolii-repentis BPI 863512 RH Uromyces trifolii-repentis BRIP 57653 KX999905 Uromyces fallens BPI 878141 RH Uromyces striatus DAOM 240966 HQ317512 Uromyces striatus BPI 910304 KY764201 Uromyces striatus PURN22675 RH Uromyces striatus DAOM 240966 HQ317512 Uromyces galegae BPI 863535 DQ250133 Uromyces scutellatus BPI 863510 RH Uromyces psoraleae BPI 843760 RH Uromyces minor MVAP50000151 MK045314 Uromyces viciae-fabae BPI 878158 RH Uromyces viciae-fabae BPI 878163 RH Puccinia clemensiae BRIP 56915a* KM249857 0 02 Phylogenetic tree of selected PucciniaVSHFLHVEDVHGRQPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ DQDO\VLVRIWKH/68UHJLRQ7KH0/DQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHG ZLWKWKH,475((ZHEVHUYHU 7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. 2016) based on the GTR substitution model with gamma-distribution rate variation (1 000 bootstrap replicates). Bootstrap support values greater than 70 % are shown at the nodes. Puccinia clemensiae (type specimen BRIP 56915a) ZDVXVHGDVWKHRXWJURXS*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVDUHLQGLFDWHG VXSHUVFULSW/68 6HTXHQFHVREWDLQHGIURP5XVW+8%%DUHLQGLFDWHG (superscript RH; Kaishian et al. 1RYHOWD[DDUHVKRZQLQFRORXUHGEROG7\SHVSHFLPHQVDUHPDUNHGE\DQDVWHULVN 7KHDOLJQPHQWDQG phylogeny are publicly available in Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14257461). <37DQ4XHHQVODQG3ODQW3DWKRORJ\+HUEDULXP'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG)LVKHULHV'XWWRQ3DUN4XHHQVODQG$XVWUDOLD e-mail: yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au R.G. Shivas, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; e-mail: roger.shivas@unisq.edu.au Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 551 Puccinia geethae Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025552 Fungal Planet 1857 MB 857507 Puccinia geethae Y.P. Tan, Bishop-Hurley, Dhileepan & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after Geetha Dhileepan, a medical practitioner whose interests include women's and children's health. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes. Uredinia on leaves of Cyperus brevifolius, amphigenous on necrotic lesions up to 2 mm long, scattered, erumpent, pulverulent, circular to linear, reddish brown. Urediniospores subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal or obovoid, 18–27 × 14–21 μm, pale to medium reddish brown; wall 1–2.5(–3) μm wide, with (1–)2(–3) germ pores mostly equatorial to VXSHUHTXLWRULDORUVFDWWHUHGVSDUVHO\DQG¿QHO\HFKLQXODWH TeliaDPSKLJHQRXVEODFNOLQHDUXSWRPPORQJTeliospores clavate, straight or apical cell curved, 32– 43 × 12–15 μm, (1–)2-celled, pale yellowish brown, medially septate, slightly constricted at septum, apically rounded or conically rounded DQGVOLJKWO\FXUYHGZDOO±—PWKLFNDWDSH[±—PWKLFN at sides; pedicels ca 10 × 6 μm, pale brown, not persistent. Typus: Australia, Queensland, Topaz, leaf rust on Cyperus brevifolius (Cyperaceae), 19 Feb. 2024, R.G. Shivas, M.D.E. Shivas, B. Shi & K. Dhileepan (holotype specimen BRIP 76391a; LSU VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN34  Additional materials examined: Australia, Queensland, Gordonvale, leaf rust on C. brevifolius, 1 Sep. 2020, R.G. Shivas, M.D.E. Shivas & K. Dhileepan (BRIP 72802a); Wongabel, leaf rust on C. brevifolius, 19 Feb. 2024, R.G. Shivas, M.D.E. Shivas, B. Shi & K. Dhileepan (BRIP 76393a). China, Hong Kong, Sai Kung, leaf rust on C. brevifolius, 30 Aug. 1999, R.G. Shivas, C.S. Tong (BRIP 64150a). Nigeria, 2JXQ6WDWH,MHEX,PXVKLQOHDIUXVWRQC. brevifolius, 13 Jun. 2019, K. Dhileepan, P.R.O. Edogbanya, E.C. Chukwuma, M.D.E. Shivas & R.G. Shivas (BRIP 71080a). Notes: Puccinia geethae infects leaves of Cyperus brevifolius, which is native to tropical Asia and the warm temperate regions of China and Japan (Anon. 2016). In Australia, C. brevifolius has become widely naturalised in the eastern and northern coastal regions. This rust was collected and LGHQWL¿HGDVSDUWRIDELRORJLFDOFRQWUROSURMHFWWRGHWHUPLQH the identity of rust fungi on Cyperus spp. in the immediate vicinity of C. aromaticus infected with Puccinia kyllingae- erectae (Dhileepan et al. 2021, Tan & Shivas 2024). The rust fungi on Cyperus spp. and many other sedges need taxonomic revision by molecular phylogenetic methods. %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI WKH 1&%, *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest relevant hits with the LSU region of P. geethae were P. caricis [specimen voucher %3,  *HQ%DQN .< ,GHQWLWLHV   %), three gaps], P. atrofusca [specimen voucher DAOM  *HQ%DQN 0: ,GHQWLWLHV     four gaps], P. ludwigii [specimen voucher BRIP 60129; *HQ%DQN.; ,GHQWLWLHV   IRXUJDSV@ P. carthami >VSHFLPHQ YRXFKHU %3,  *HQ%DQN .< ,GHQWLWLHV     ¿YH JDSV@ DQG P. asteris >VSHFLPHQYRXFKHU%3,*HQ%DQN.< Identities 908/936 (97 %), eight gaps]. Supplementary material: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.13739355 (alignment and tree). Colour illustrations: Cyperus brevifolius, Wongabel, Queensland, Australia. Uredinia; urediniospores; telia; teliospores. Scale bars: uredinia and telia = 1 mm; urediniospores and teliospores = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 553 72 82 100 81 86 91 100 100 76 100 97 80 100 99 80 79 100 86 100 99 100 92 99 99 96 100 Puccinia caricis-gibbae TSH R25942 MW741873 Puccinia caricis-gibbae TSH R25930 MW741872 Puccinia caricis-gibbae TSH R25579 MT560811 Puccinia galiiuniversa TSH R11896 AB781703 Puccinia rhei-undulati PDD 101523 KX985739 Puccinia tiritea PDD 107783 KX985736 Puccinia tiritea PDD 101546 KX985738 Puccinia caricis-artemisia HMJAU 8874* MW414430 Puccinia circaeae-caricis HMJAU 8857 MW414429 Puccinia caricis-artemisia HMJAU 8934 MW414443 Puccinia caricis-stipatae 11197 AB190888 Puccinia caricis-stipatae 10451 AB190887 Puccinia caricis-macrocephalae TSH R7998 MT560817 Puccinia caricis-macrocephalae TSH R6825 LC626783 Puccinia conoclinii DAOM 128897 MW009560 Puccinia conoclinii DAOM 139187 MW009559 Puccinia geethae BRIP 76391a* PQ302305 Uromyces oaxacanus BPI 910296 KY764195 Uromyces laburni ZP-R120 MK518632 Puccinia dracunculina BPI 910235 KY764118 Puccinia dracunculina BPI 910236 KY764119 Puccinia caricis-siderostictae TSH R25411 MT560819 Puccinia asteris BPI 910212 KY764095 Puccinia atrofusca DAOM 151011 MW009474 Puccinia dioicae BPI 879279 GU058019 Puccinia silvatica TUB 011528 AY222048 Puccinia cardui-pycnocephali ZP-R207 MK518657 Puccinia carduorum BRIP 60127 KX999869 Puccinia carthami BPI 910222 KY764106 Puccinia caricis-fediae TSH R25626 MT560816 Puccinia senecionis TUB 14985 DQ917699 Puccinia cyperi ZP-R424 MK518753 Puccinia ludwigii BRIP 60129 KX999883 Puccinia caricis-violae HMJAU 8664* MW414406 Puccinia caricis-violae HMJAU 8665 MW414407 Puccinia adenocauli HMJAU 8275* NG_088187 Puccinia caricis-atractylodes HMJAU 8889 MW414420 Puccinia caricis-atractylodes HMJAU 8890* MW414421 Puccinia caricis-montanae FO 3195 DQ917686 Puccinia linosyridis-caricis TUB 14972 DQ917685 Puccinia jaceae CUP-426 MK518497 Puccinia caricis-ribicola HMJAU8871* MW414413 Puccinia caricis-ribicola HMJAU 8872 MW414414 Puccinia caricis BPI 893278 KY798380 Puccinia circaeae TUB 14969 DQ917716 Puccinia circaeae-caricis HMJAU 8856 MW414428 Puccinia vaginatae HMJAU 8892 MW414424 Puccinia firma TUB 14973 DQ917696 Puccinia tirolensis PUR N5681 OL437037 Puccinia cancellata 21R09 MZ457921 Puccinia maurea PDD 105353 MZ766496 Puccinia maurea PDD 111590 MZ766495 Puccinia caricis-hebeiensis HMJAU 8895* MW414427 Puccinia canaliculata BRIP 40326 OL437029 Puccinia cyperi BRIP 60997 KU296885 Puccinia doidgeae TA430 OL437033 Puccinia senecionis-acutiformis TUB 14986 DQ917690 Puccinia caricina BRIP 57951 KX999870 Puccinia caricis-shepherdiae DAOM 181319 MW009426 Puccinia velutina TSH R11612 MT560825 Puccinia junci PDD 99243 KX985745 Austropuccinia psidii BRIP 57985 KF318453 0.02 <37DQ 6/%LVKRS+XUOH\4XHHQVODQG3ODQW3DWKRORJ\+HUEDULXP'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG)LVKHULHV'XWWRQ3DUN Queensland, Australia; e-mail: yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au & sharon.bishophurley@daf.qld.gov.au .'KLOHHSDQ%LRVHFXULW\4XHHQVODQG'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG)LVKHULHV'XWWRQ3DUN4XHHQVODQG$XVWUDOLD e-mail: NXQMLWKDSDWKDPGKLOHHSDQ#GDITOGJRYDX R.G. Shivas, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; e-mail: roger.shivas@unisq.edu.au Phylogenetic tree of selected Puccinia species EDVHGRQPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ DQDO\VLVRIWKH/68UHJLRQ7KH0/DQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHG on the IQ-TREE web server (1000 bootstrap replicates7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. 2016) and Bayesian analysis was performed on the Geneious Prime SODWIRUPZLWK0U%D\HVY +XVHOVHQEHFN 5RQTXLVW ERWKEDVHGRQWKH*75VXEVWLWXWLRQPRGHOZLWKJDPPDGLVWULEXWLRQUDWH variation. Bootstrap support (bs) values > 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp) > 0.95 are given at the nodes (bs/pp). Austropuccinia psidii VSHFLPHQ%5,3 ZDVXVHGDVWKHRXWJURXS*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVDUHLQGLFDWHG VXSHUVFULSW/68 1RYHOWD[RQLVVKRZQ in bold7\SHVSHFLPHQVDUHPDUNHGE\DQDVWHULVN  Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025554 Puccinia marjaniae Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 555 Fungal Planet 1858 MB 857508 Puccinia marjaniae R.G. Shivas, sp. nov. Etymology 1DPHG DIWHU 0DUMDQ 'RULV (OOHQ 6KLYDV QpH Tellegen), who collected the type specimen. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Pucciniomycetes. On scattered bullate lesions on the upper surface of leaves of Nymphoides indica, mostly near the centre of circular OHVLRQV௅PPGLDPZLWKFKORURWLFKDORHVXSWR௅PP wide. Spermogonia in the central part of lesions, in groups RIXS WR LQ ODUJHU OHVLRQVJORERLG௅—PGLDP reddish brown. Spermatia subglobose to cylindrical, hyaline, ௅—PGLDPAecia on upper leaf surface, surrounding spermogonia, scattered or in concentric rings, cupulate, ௅—PGLDP\HOORZSHULGLDOFHOOVLUUHJXODUO\SRO\KHGUDO ZLWK ௅  ௅ FXUYHGRUVWUDLJKWVLGHVDQGURXQGHGFRUQHUVLQ VXUIDFHYLHZ௅î௅—PZDOO௅ȝPWKLFNK\DOLQH outer surface densely and coarsely verrucose, inner surface GHQVHO\ DQG ¿QHO\ YHUUXFXORVH Aeciospores catenulate, subglobose to irregular with curved sides and rounded FRUQHUV ௅—P VXEK\DOLQHZDOO ௅—PZLGH ¿QHO\ YHUUXFXORVHZLWK௅LQFRQVSLFXRXVVFDWWHUHGJHUPSRUHV Typus: Australia, Queensland, Maleny, rust on leaves of Nymphoides indica (Menyanthaceae), 8 May 2014, M.D.E. Shivas (holotype specimen BRIP 61027a; LSU and CO3 sequences *HQ%DQN.;DQG.;  Notes: Puccinia marjaniae infects leaves of Nymphoides indica, an aquatic species native to tropical regions in $IULFD$VLD$XVWUDOLD DQGH[WHQGLQJ WR WKH3DFL¿F ,VODQGV but not native to South and Central America (Thayer & 3¿QJVWHQ   *OREDOO\ WKHUH DUH  DFFHSWHG VSHFLHV of Nymphoides (Govaerts et al. 2021). The aecidial rusts (Aecidium limnanthemi, A. mymphoidis, Dicaeoma scirpi) reported on Nymphoides spp. (Saccardo 1888, Arthur & Kern 1920, Soares et al. 2006) have often been referred to P. scirpi based on morphology (e.g. see tabulation in Lee et al.   DOWKRXJK WKLV LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ LV QRW VXSSRUWHGE\ sequence data. Lee et al. (2024) recognised that there was VHTXHQFHYDULDWLRQEHWZHHQDQDHFLGLDO UXVW WKH\ LGHQWL¿HG as Puccinia sp. on N. peltata in Korea and the sequences obtained from the specimen that we have proposed as the type of P. marjaniae on N. indica (McTaggart & Shivas in Marin-Felix et al. 2017). Taxonomic resolution of the cryptic aecial rusts on Nymphoides will depend on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data. %DVHGRQDPHJDEODVWVHDUFKRIWKH1&%,*HQ%DQNFRUH nucleotide database, the closest relevant hits with the LSU sequence of P. marjaniae were P. cyperi [specimen voucher %5,3*HQ%DQN.8,GHQWLWLHV  %), seven gaps (0 %)], P. junci [specimen voucher PDD  *HQ%DQN .; ,GHQWLWLHV     16 gaps (1 %)], P. ocimi [specimen voucher BPI 910262; *HQ%DQN .< ,GHQWLWLHV      gaps (0 %)], P. otagensis [specimen voucher PDD 104485; *HQ%DQN.; ,GHQWLWLHV  JDSV (1 %)], P. rhei-undulati [specimen voucher PDD 101523; *HQ%DQN.; ,GHQWLWLHV  JDSV (1 %)], Uromyces silphii [specimen voucher DAOM 182148; *HQ%DQN0:,GHQWLWLHV  JDSV (1 %)]. For phylogenetic tree, see Puccinia scleriae-rugosae (FP 1856). Colour illustrations: Fruit Bat Falls, Queensland, Australia. Nymphoides indica infected by Puccinia marjaniae (left), aecium, aecia, aecia surrounding spermatia, aecial wall, aeciospores (equatorial view and surface view). Scale bars: aecia = 1 mm and 100 μm; aecia surrounding spermatia = 1 mm; all others = 10 μm. R.G. Shivas, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; e-mail: roger.shivas@unisq.edu.au <37DQ4XHHQVODQG3ODQW3DWKRORJ\+HUEDULXP'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG)LVKHULHV'XWWRQ3DUN4XHHQVODQG$XVWUDOLD e-mail: yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025556 Purimyces endophyticus Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 557 Fungal Planet 1859 MB 857723 Purimyces endophyticus D.O. Ramos & O.L. Pereira, sp. nov. Etymology: Name refers to the endophytic lifestyle of the fungus. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Hyphodiscaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. Mycelium septate, branched, smooth-walled, sometimes verrucose, hyaline to pale brown, forming mycelial strands covered by a slime exudate with spiral hyphae pattern, 1.5–3 μm diam. hyphae, produce swollen hyphal cells that resemble FKODP\GRVSRUHOLNHVWUXFWXUHV Colonies sterile. Culture characteristics: Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) circular, with entire margin, white aerial mycelium moderate with hyphal tufts cover in a slime exudate, low convex, surface cinnamon to rosy buff colour (61) at the centre and buff (45) at the margin of the colony, buff (45) colour on reverse (Rayner 1970), reaching 67 mm diam. DIWHUZNDWƒ&LQWKHGDUN&RORQLHVRQPDOWH[WUDFWDJDU 0($ FLUFXODUWRLUUHJXODUZLWKOREDWHHGJHÀDWZKLWHDHULDO mycelium moderate at the centre cover in a slime exudate and sparse to absent at the margins of the colony, buff (45) colour surface, reverse buff (45), reaching 64 mm diam. after ZNDWƒ& LQ WKHGDUN&RORQLHVRQ&]DSHN\HDVWDJDU (CYA) circular, with entire margin, aerial mycelium moderate, ÀDW VPRNHJUH\ FRORXU   LQ WKH FHQWUH WRZKLWH RQ WKH periphery surface, reverse rosy buff (61), reaching 48 mm GLDPDIWHUZNDWƒ&LQWKHGDUN Habit, habitat and distribution: Root endophyte of Cattleya locatellii. Known so far from Brazil. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Araponga city, isolated as root endophyte of Cattleya locatellii (Orchidaceae), 21 Nov. 2021, O.L. Pereira (holotype VIC 49583, dried culture, ex-type living culture &2$'  ,76 DQG /68 VHTXHQFHV *HQ%DQN 34 DQG PQ323566). Additional material examined: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Araponga city, isolated as root endophyte of Cattleya locatellii (Orchidaceae), 21 Nov. 2021, O.L. Pereira (living culture &2$',76DQG/68VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN34 and PQ323565). Notes: Purimyces endophyticus is phylogenetically related to Purimyces orchidacearum (Crous et al. 2024a), forming a distinct clade from the rest of the family. Morphologically, P. endophyticus resembles P. orchidacearum due to the EURZQ FRORXU RI FRORQLHV EHFRPLQJ GDUNHU ZLWK WKH DJH The species also differs from P. orchidacearum by producing VZHOOHG K\SKDH VLPLODU WR FKODP\GRVSRUHOLNH VWUXFWXUHV coiled hyphae and melanized mycelium strands. The genus Purimyces comprises root endophytic species isolated from Orchidaceae WKDW ODFNV DQ\ UHSURGXFWLYH VWUXFWXUHV producing sterile colonies (Crous et al. 2024a). %DVHG RQ D PHJDEODVW VHDUFK RI 1&%,¶V *HQ%DQN nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to the sequence of an “Uncultured Helotiales´>FORQH&*HQ%DQN-;,GHQWLWLHV = 520/522 (99 %), no gaps], “Uncultured Leotiomycetes” >FORQH 10)278 *HQ%DQN 0* ,GHQWLWLHV      QR JDSV@ ³)XQJDO VS´ >5 *HQ%DQN AY699668.1, Identities = 511/515 (99 %), no gaps], “Uncultured Helotiales´ >FORQH )0 *HQ%DQN JF691173.1, Identities = 510/515 (99 %), no gaps]. Closest hits using the LSU sequence are “Uncultured fungus” [isolate +B/ *HQ%DQN )1 ,GHQWLWLHV   (99 %), no gaps], “Uncultured fungus” [isolate H038y_L3258, *HQ%DQN )1 ,GHQWLWLHV      QR JDSV@³8QFXOWXUHGIXQJXV´>LVRODWH+/*HQ%DQN FN298721.1, Identities = 838/842 (99 %), no gaps], “Fungal VS´ >VWUDLQ&%6*HQ%DQN0+ ,GHQWLWLHV = 840/849 (99 %), one gap (0 %)], and Cistella spicicola >VWUDLQ &%6  *HQ%DQN *8 ,GHQWLWLHV  839/848 (99 %), no gaps]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (alignment and tree). Colour illustrations: Flower of Cattleya locatellii (Orchidaceae). From WRS WRERWWRPFRORQ\RQ3'$DIWHUZNDWƒ&FRORQ\RQ0($ DIWHUZNDWƒ&FRORQ\RQ&<$DIWHUZNDWƒ&IURPERWWRP left to right, aggregated hyphae growing on PDA; mycelial strands; FKODP\GRVSRUHOLNHVZHOOLQJV6FDOHEDUV —P Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025558 0.02 Hyphodiscus hyaloscyphoides TNS-F-13588 AB546944, AB546945 Hyphodiscus luxurians 30BG69 OP585913/ - Soosiella minima MH 2012 1230 JX124327/ JX124327 *OXWLQRP\FHVLQÀDWXVTNS-F-80763 LC218289/ LC315170 Hyphopeziza pygmaea TNS-F-17940 JN033448/ JN086748 Scolecolachnum pteridii CPC 24666 KU597797, KU597764 Hyphopeziza pygmaea KUS F51564 JN033410, JN086713 Fuscolachnum pteridis TUR215412 OM818501/ - Hyphodiscus cajaniensis M155 EU940189/ EU940112 Purimyces orchidacearum COAD 3750 PP479945/ PP479946 Glutinomyces vulgaris TNS-F-80764 LC218288/ LC315172 Purimyces endophyticus COAD 3876T PQ323564/ PQ323566 Hyphodiscus hymeniophilus TNS-F-31801 AB546948/ AB546946 Venturiocistella sp. KUS F52028 JN033391/ JN086694 Purimyces endophyticus COAD 3877 PQ323563/ PQ323565 Fuscolachnum Dႇ misellum SBRH927 OM203544/ OM203550 Venturiocistella japonica TNS-F-18030 JN033447/ AB546954 Fuscolachnum inopinatum SBRH855 OL752697, OM203548 Hyphodiscus ucrainicus PZ124 MH134512/ MH134511 Hyaloscypha gabretae PK 90 MZ520780/ MZ520769 Microscypha grisella SBRH922 OM203546/ - Hyphodiscus theiodeus TNS F 31803 AB546953/AB546952 Hyphodiscus otanii TNS F 7099 AB546949/ AB546947 Fuscolachnum misellum SBRH943 OM203545/ OM203549 Hyphodiscus brachyconius CBS 630.75 Glutinomyces takaragaikensis TNS-F-80765 LC218290/ LC315176 Fuscolachnum pteridis SBRH831 OM203547/ - Gamarada debralockiae T6G9 NXFV00000000/ NXFV00000000 Glutinomyces brunneus ta2uD7 LC218306/ LC315171 Fuscolachnum misellum SBRH 799b KX501124/ KX501129 Hyaloscypha gryndleri MGR 2 MZ520785/ MZ520774 Scolecolachnum nigricans MFLU 18 1817 MK584975/ MK591973 Hyphodiscus hymeniophilus TAAM 174997 ON241771/ - Hyphodiscus luxurians LE 304401 OM407387/ - 0.88/70 0.98/- 0.92/82 0.99/99 0.92/77 0.91/- 0.97 1/88 1/91 1/99 1/94 1/96 D.O. Ramos & O.L. Pereira, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: danilo.ramos@ufv.br & oliparini@ufv.br Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated dataset of ITS and LSU sequences conducted using RAxML-HPC2 v. 8.1.11 and MrBayes v. 3.2.7a RQ;6('(ERWKLQWKH&,35(6VFLHQFHJDWHZD\ 6WDPDWDNLV5RQTXLVWet al. 2012). Only bootstrap support values (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) values > 75 and 0.80 are indicated at the nodes, respectively. The branches that presented full statistical support (BS = DQGSS  DUHWKLFNHQHG7KHQHZVSHFLHVLVLQGLFDWHGLQbold face. Hyaloscypha gabretae PK-90 and Hyaloscypha gryndleri MGR-2 were used as outgroup. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 559 Ramariopsis coronata Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025560 Fungal Planet 1860 MB 857871 Ramariopsis coronata De la Peña-Lastra, A. Mateos & Olariaga, sp. nov. Etymology: The epithet refers to the crown-shaped apex. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata clavarioid, reminiscent of craterelloid basidiomata, 4–10 mm, width 1 mm at the base and up to 2.5 PPDW WKHDSH[REFRQLFDODQG WUXPSHWOLNHZLWK WKHDSH[ truncate, concave, and a margin that appears crowned by 2–5 short branches, dichotomously branched, sometimes absent in young basidiomata. Branch apices generally rounded, some pointed, with V-shaped angles between branches and U-shaped ones at the bifurcations of each branch. Stipe 1–1.5 mm broad, often curved, gradually widening upwards, terete, with the lower sterile part occupying one third to half of the height, smooth, with the upper fertile part pruinose, with white basal tomentum. Colour white, translucent in high humidity conditions, more evidently on the stipe, turning pale ochre with age or upon drying. Context white, fragile, hygrophanous. Smell and odour indistinct. Basidiospores (2.5–)2.7–3.5– 4.2(–4.5) × (2.1–)2.3–3.1–4.1(–4.5) μm; Q = 1–1.1–1.3; n = 50, Ve = 20 μm3, globose to subglobose, sometimes broadly ellipsoid, with a prominent apiculus 0.5–1 long, with a greenish, central large guttule, surface ornamented with VFDWWHUHGZDUWVVPDOODQGLUUHJXODUGLI¿FXOWWRREVHUYHLQD light microscope, hyaline, inamyloid, congophilous. Basidia 20–23.8–30.8 × 4–5.6–7.7 μm, 4-spored, clavate, with VWHULJPDWD XS WR  ȝP ORQJ VHSWDWH DQG EDVDOO\ FODPSHG Hymenium and subhymenium with abundant polymorphous crystallized deposits among hyphae, sometimes bipyramidal or rhomboid. Hyphal system monomitic, formed by parallel arranged to interwoven hyphae. Paracystidia present in the hymenium, (18.5–)19.5–29.9(–32.1) × (3.1–)3.14–7.1(– 7.3) μm, narrowly clavate to cylindrical, frequently septate, immersed in the hymenium. Context hyphae short-celled. Basal tomentum white, composed of sparse hyphae, F\OLQGULFDO VOLJKWO\ WKLFNZDOOHG K\DOLQH FODPSHG ± ȝPZLGHClamp connections present in all tissues. Distribution&XUUHQWO\NQRZQRQO\ IURP WKH W\SH ORFDWLRQ LQ northwestern Spain. Typus: Spain, Galicia, Pontevedra, Parque Nacional de las Islas $WOiQWLFDVGH*DOLFLD,OODGH&RUWHJDGD1ƒ¶´:ƒ¶´ 1 m a.s.l., gregarious in laurel forest, 6 Dec. 2023, A. Mateos & S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype AMI-SPL1910; ITS, LSU, SSU and RPB2VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN393939DQG PV231442. Notes: Ramariopsis coronata is characterized by its unique, small-sized clavarioid basidiomata reminiscent of Clavicorona or Craterellus LQ EDVLGLRPDWDO FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ which are simple and furnished with a crowned margin. Microscopically, the globose to subglobose ornamented spores and the presence of crystallized polymorphic deposits are characteristic. Ramariopsis coronata nests within the monophyletic Ramariopsis clade in our multigenic analyses. The monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on hyphae and subglobose ornamented basidiospores, present in R. coronata, are typical of Ramariopsis (Olariaga 2009, Franchi & Marchetti 2021). Species of Clavicorona differ in WKHVPRRWKVSRUHVDQGODFNRIFODPSVRQWKHFRQWH[WK\SKDH 5HTXHMRet al. 2024). Within Ramariopsis, R. coronata nests in a well-supported clade containing sequences assigned WR±VRPHSUREDEO\PLVLGHQWL¿HG±R. avellanea, R. bicolor, R. cremicolor, R. kunzei, and R. pulchella, but all of them differ in having more robust and branched basidiomata. No VSHFLHV ZLWK WKH EDVLGLRPDWDO FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ RIR. coronata could be traced in Ramariopsis after consulting monographic treatments (Olariaga 2009, Franchi & Marchetti 2021). Blast results based on the ITS region of R. coronata retrieve as closer hits several sequences assigned to Ramariopsis, all with a similarity below 90 %. Therefore, we conclude that R. coronata merits recognition at the species level and we hence propose it as new. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH $OLJQPHQW P¿JVKDUH 7DEOH  Colour illustrations: Spain, Pontevedra, P. Nacional Illas Atlánticas de Galicia, Illa de Cortegada, forest of Laurus nobilis, where the holotype of Ramariopsis coronata was collected. Basidiospores; hymenophore, with basidia, basidioles, and probasidia. Scale bars ȝP Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 561 0.08 0.66 /37 1/72 1100 0.89 /32 1/86 0.78 /38 0.96/71 0.92 /54 1/100 1/90 1/94 0.98/81 0.93/51 1/100 1/100 1/71 1/100 0.91 /32 0.96 /53 0.99/74 Ramariopsis avellaneo-inversa TENN043504 Ramariopsis biformis JMB10061006 Ramariopsis subtilis AMB 18561 Ramariopsis atlantica URM-BRA-84210 Ramariopsis kunzei AMB 17485 Ramariopsis cremicolor RHP55785 (TENN) Ramariopsis pulchella MCCNNU00981 Ramariopsis avellanea JAC15807 Ramariopsis bicolor JAC16428 Ramariopsis crocea JMB10071001 Ceratellopsis acuminata S. Huhtinen 15/07 (S) Clavulinopsis incarnata MHHNU 11330 Clavulinopsis bicolor MHHNU 10381 Clavulinopsis aurantiaca URM 84216 Clavulinopsis aspersa MHHNU 10342 Clavulinopsis bispora MHHNU 11188 Clavulinopsis tropicalis MHHNU10722 Clavulinopsis helvola h12 Clavulinopsis trigonospora AMB 18557 Ramariopsis aurantio-olivacea RHP55850 (TENN) Clavaria zollingeri s. auct. TENN 58652 Clavaria inaequalis MB 04-016 (CUW) Camarophyllopsis hymenocephala DJL98-08150 Mucronella flava IO.16.84 (S) Hygrophorus pudorinus PBM 2721 (CUW) Hygrocybe coccinea PBM 915 (WTU) Cantharocybe gruberi PBM 510 (WTU) Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides PBM 1588 (WTU) Ramariopsis hirtipes AMB 18575 Ramariopsis hirtipes AMB 18578 Ramariopsis kunzei GG141104 Ramariopsis avellaneo-inversa AMB18574 Ramariopsis subtilis AMB18571 Ramariopsis gilibertoi AMB18576 Ramariopsis cremeorosea AMB20495 Ramariopsis aff. kunzei Marr 5064 Ramariopsis kunzei BD346 Ramariopsis coronata sp. nov. AMI-SPL1910 Ramariopsis Ceratellopsis Clavulinopsis Clavaria Mucronella Hodophilus %HVW WUHH RI WKH 0D[LPXP /LNHOLKRRG DQDO\VLV RI VHOHFWHG VHTXHQFHV RI Clavariales in IQ-TREE 1.16.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015) from a concatenated dataset of the 5.8S-28S-18S-RPB1-RPB2-TEF1UHJLRQV0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGVWDQGDUGERRWVWUDSVXSSRUWYDOXHV 0/%RRW  %D\HVLDQSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV 33 DUHVKRZQRQEUDQFKHVRUGHUHGDV0/%RRW337KLFNHQHGEUDQFKHVUHFHLYHGVXSSRUWLQERWKDQDO\VHV 0/%RRW•DQGRU33• 9DOXHVDUHSURYLGHGIRUQRGHVVXSSRUWHGDWOHDVWLQRQHDQDO\VLV*HQHUDDUHLQGLFDWHGE\FRORXUHGEORFNV S. De la Peña-Lastra, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: saul.delapena@gmail.com A. Mateos, Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain; e-mail: amateosiz1@gmail.com A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: antonio.rigueiro@usc.es I. Olariaga, University of Rey Juan Carlos, Spain; e-mail: LEDLRODULDJD#XUMFHV Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025562 Russula anatolica Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 563 Fungal Planet 1861 MB 857875 Russula anatolica dRODN .D\JXVX]sp. nov. Etymology: From anatolica (Latin), referring to Anatolia, the 7XUNLVK3HQLQVXODZKHUHWKLVVSHFLHVZDVFROOHFWHG &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ:Russulaceae,Russulales,Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus ௅ PP diam., initially hemispherical, then becoming plano-convex to nearly applanate, sometimes slightly depressed at the centre when mature; margin even, obtuse, not striate when young, becoming slightly striate up to 10 mm when old; surface dry, smooth, matt, with the cuticle peeling readily to half of the UDGLXVUHYHDOLQJDFKDON\ZKLWHEHQHDWKWKHFXWLFOHSLQNURVH WRSDVWHOSLQNRUSDOHYLROHWUHGEHFRPLQJGDUNHUWRZDUGVWKH SLOHXVFHQWUHDQGVRPHWLPHVGLVFRORXULQJ WRSLQNLVKZKLWH ZLWK WKH PDUJLQ EHLQJ SDOH SLQN Lamellae ௅ PP ZLGH free, thin, moderately crowded to crowded, with scattered lamellulae, fragile, light yellow ochre to light orange, with entire, concolourous edges that remain unchanged when cut or bruised. Stipe௅î௅PPFHQWUDOF\OLQGULFDO tapering towards the apex, entirely longitudinally striate, FXUYHGGU\VPRRWKZLWKDZKLWHVXUIDFHVWLSHFRQWH[WFKDON\ white, hollow, unchanging when cut or bruised. Context white WRFUHDPIUDJLOHXQFKDQJLQJZKHQGDPDJHG±PPWKLFN at half of the pileus diameter. Macrochemical reactions pale SLQN ZLWK   LURQ VXOSKDWH )H62  \HOORZZLWK   potassium hydroxide (KOH), and almost negative with sulfo-vanillin (SV). Taste mild. Odour URVHOLNH HVSHFLDOO\ when mature. Spore print deep yellow. Basidiospores ௅ ௅ ௅ î ௅ ௅ ௅ —P Q RI coll.), Lm × Wm î—P4  ௅ ௅ ௅ 4m = 1.2, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, with ornamentation consisting of relatively small, moderately distant, somewhat dense to dense, amyloid warts up to 1.3 μm high, composed mostly of minute warts and ridges and forming an incomplete reticulum, occasionally to frequently fused in pairs, short- branched chains, suprahilar spot distinct, amyloid. Basidia 35–47 × 12.5–15.0 μm, mostly 4-spored, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled; basidiola 5–9 μm wide, clavate, thin-walled. Hymenial cystidia on lamellae sides dispersed to moderately numerous, approximately 400-600/mm2, 75–115 × 8.5–12 μm, narrowly fusiform to fusiform, usually narrowed at both the base and apex, often with a mucronate or obtuse apex, thin-walled, with heteromorphous or granulose contents mainly in the middle part, turning greyish in SV. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges moderately numerous, 55– 65 × 7.5–15 μm, clavate, narrowly cylindrical, or lanceolate, with an apex that is mainly obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, thin-walled, heteromorphous with granulose contents, turning greyish in SV. Pileipellis composed of two layers; epipellis an irregular trichoderm, approximately 50– 110 μm deep, made up of cylindrical hyphae 4–6 μm wide, usually branched, hyaline; terminal cells mainly narrowly FODYDWHRUFODYDWHRIWHQLQÀDWHGDWWKHDSH[DQGXSWR—P ZLGH XVXDOO\ PRQLOLIRUP WR ÀH[XRXV JHQHUDOO\ EUDQFKHG hyaline in SV; primordial hyphae abundant, larger, up to 15 μm wide, and regularly septate, mainly narrowly clavate with an obtuse apex, sometimes narrowly utriform, with surface distinct acid-resistant incrustations; subpellis composed RI UHSHQW VXESDUDOOHO K\SKDH ± —PZLGH YHU\ ÀH[XRXV sometimes branched, septate, hyaline in SV. Cystidioid or oleiferous hyphae not observed. Habitat and distribution: Solitary or scattered on humus- rich, calcareous soil in deciduous forests dominated by the endemic Quercus vulcanica, which is limited to a few ORFDWLRQVLQZHVWDQGVRXWKFHQWUDO7UNL\HPRVWO\SUHVHQWDW elev. 1400–1500 m, during October. Typus: Türkiye ,VSDUWD 3URYLQFH (÷LUGLU 'LVWULFW &%6  *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV = 495/495 (100 %), no gaps], S. anthrisci [CBS 109019, *HQ%DQN.),GHQWLWLHV   QRJDSV@ and S. cirsii >7&0 *HQ%DQN .& ,GHQWLWLHV  494/495 (99 %), no gaps]; closest hits using the LSU sequence had highest similarity to Apseudocercosporella trigonotidis >&%6  *HQ%DQN -4 ,GHQWLWLHV = 823/825 (99 %), no gaps], S. helianthicola [CBS 122.81, *HQ%DQN .) ,GHQWLWLHV      QR gaps] and S. stellariae >&%6*HQ%DQN.) Identities = 823/825 (99 %), no gaps]; closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to S. justiciae [CBS *HQ%DQN.) ,GHQWLWLHV     one gap], S. linicola >&%6  *HQ%DQN 0= Identities = 294/342 (86 %), 5 gaps] and S. clematidis [CBS *HQ%DQN.) ,GHQWLWLHV     2 gaps]. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (Sequence alignments and table). Colour illustrations: Reina mora (Mutisia spinosa) in Villa la Angostura, Argentina. Foliar symptoms; lower side of leaf symptom with semi-immersed pycnidia; pycnidia; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 567 Sphaerulina musiva CBS 130562 Septoria astragali CBS 109116 Septoria lysimachiae CBS 102315 Septoria dearnessii CBS 128624 Septoria cerastii CBS 102323 Septoria rumicum CBS 503.76 Septoria abei CBS 128598 Septoria violae-palustris CBS 128660 Septoria hibisicola CBS 128611 Septoria astericola CBS 128593 Septoria putrida CBS 109088 Septoria helianthicola CBS 122.81 Septoria dysentericae CPC 12328 Septoria campanulae CBS 128604 Septoria linicola CBS 316.37 Septoria protearum CBS 113114 Septoria passiflorae CBS 102701 Septoria bupleuricola CBS 128603 Septoria exotica CBS 163.78 Septoria eucalyptorum CBS 118505 Septoria clematidis CBS 108983 Septoria justiciae CBS 128610 Septoria cucubali CBS 102386 Septoria erigerontis CBS 109094 Septoria scabiosicola CBS 108981 Septoria stellariae CBS 102410 Septoria reinamora sp. nov. Septoria ekmaniana CBS 113385 Septoria anthrisci CBS 109020 Septoria lycopersici CBS 128654 Septoria obesa CBS 128.588 Septoria leucanthemi CBS 109090 Septoria coprosma CBS 113391 Septoria hippocastani CBS 411.61 Septoria apiicola CBS 400.54 6 1 8 6 100 9 5 9 2 7 7 8 5 4 0 8 8 9 4 7 6 9 9 9 9 9 5 7 4 8 1 4 8 9 8 9 7 9 2 7 0 4 6 100 5 5 4 2 9 7 9 8 100 9 1 8 7 9 0 100 0D[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG 0/ SK\ORJHQHWLFWUHHFRQVWUXFWHGZLWKWKHFRQFDWHQDWHG,76/68DQGtub2 sequences using IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015), performing an ultrafast bootstrap with 1000 replicates (Hoang et al. 2018). The species included in this analysis belong predominantly WRFODGHVDQGVHQVX9HUNOH\et al. (2013). Sphaerulina musiva was used as outgroup. The ML bootstrap support values are indicated on the branches. The novel species is indicated in bold. G.H. Ramírez, CERZOS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, Bahía Blanca, Argentina and Departamento de Agronomía, UNS, San Andrés 612, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; e-mail: gustavo.ramirez@uns.edu.ar R.M. Sánchez, CERZOS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, Bahía Blanca, Argentina and Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; e-mail: rsanchez@uns.edu.ar Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025568 Talaromyces ignescens Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 569 Fungal Planet 1863 MB 858819 Talaromyces ignescens Van Vuuren, Harms & Visagie, sp. nov. Etymology: Latin, ignescens, meaning red. Named after the VWULNLQJUHGVROXEOHSLJPHQWVSURGXFHGRQJURZWKPHGLD &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes. Conidiophores biverticillate, subterminal branching common; stipes VPRRWKPLQRU SURSRUWLRQ DSSHDUV ¿QHO\ URXJKHQHG ± î ± ȝP branches ± ȝP metulae 3–4 per stipe or branch, appressed, 10–13(–14) × 2.5–4 μm; phialides acerose, 3–6 per metula, 10–13(–14) × 2–3 μm; conidia smooth, fusiform, (2–)2.5–3.5 × 2–3 μm (2.98 ± 0.23 × 2.5 ± 0.37), av. width/length = 0.82, n = 100. Synnemata inconsistently produced after prolonged incubation, GHWHUPLQDWH±—PORQJVWDON\HOORZLVK±—P ZLGHKHDGDSH[ZLGWK±ȝP Culture characteristics (25 °C, 7 d) 2Q &]DSHN \HDVW autolysate agar (CYA): Colonies moderately deep, sulcate, synnemata inconsistently produced after prolonged incubation, determinate; margins low, wide, entire; mycelia ZKLWH DQG \HOORZ WH[WXUH ÀRFFRVH VWURQJO\ IXQLFXORVH VSRUXODWLRQ VSDUVH FRQLGLD HQ PDVVH GDUN JUHHQ >) colour codes based on (Kornerup & Wanscher 1967)]; VROXEOHSLJPHQWVUHGH[XGDWHVDEVHQWUHYHUVHGDUNWRYLROHW brown (8F8–10F8). On malt extract agar (MEA): Colonies moderately deep, plane, sulcate, synnemata inconsistently produced after prolonged incubation, determinate; margins ORZZLGHHQWLUHP\FHOLDZKLWHDQG\HOORZWH[WXUHÀRFFRVH strongly funiculose; sporulation moderately dense, conidia HQ PDVVH GDUN JUHHQ )  VROXEOH SLJPHQWV UHG H[XGDWHV FOHDU UHYHUVH GDUN WR YLROHW EURZQ )±)  On yeast extract sucrose agar (YES): Colonies similar to those on CYA. On dichloran 18 % glycerol agar (DG18): Colonies moderately deep, plane, slightly sulcate; margins ORZ ZLGH HQWLUH P\FHOLD ZKLWH WH[WXUH ÀRFFRVH VWURQJO\ funiculose; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en PDVVH GDUN JUHHQ )  VROXEOH SLJPHQWV UHG H[XGDWHV FOHDU WR LQFRQVSLFXRXVO\ EURZQ UHYHUVH GDUN EURZQ )  On oatmeal agar (OA): Colonies low, plane, granular in appearance, synnemata inconsistently produced after prolonged incubation, determinate; margins subsurface, wide, entire; mycelia white; texture velutinous, strongly funiculose; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en masse GDUNJUHHQ ) VROXEOHSLJPHQWVLQFRQVSLFXRXVRUDQJH to brown; exudates clear to light orange. On creatine sucrose DJDU &5($ *URZWKZHDNQRDFLGSURGXFHG Colony diam. (in mm) &<$ ± &<$ ƒ& ± &<$ ƒ&±&<$ƒ&±&<$ƒ&±&<$ƒ& 14–18; CYAS 7–8; MEA 35–40; DG18 14–17; YES 32–37; OA 38–44; CREA microcolonies. Typus: South Africa, Western Cape Province, George, Outeniqua Nature Reserve, -33.93361, 22.42533, from soil, 9 Mar. 2023, coll. C.M. Visagie, isol. J. Spraker (holotype PRU(M):4626, culture ex- type CMW-IA 007111 = CMW 066564 = CBS 153397 = CN231B7 = iHX305259; ITS, BenA, CaM, RPB2, ACT, Cct8, MCM7, RPB1 and Tsr1 VHTXHQFHV*HQ%DQN0+3939 PV550674, PV550677, PV550688, PV550699, PV550710 and PV550721). Notes: The multigene phylogeny resolves T. ignescens in section Purpurei as a close relative of T. coalescens and T. mzansiensis. Pairwise comparisons revealed that the new species has at least 27 (ACT), 16 (BenA), 14 (CaM), 19 (Cct8), 29 (MCM7), 8 (RPB1), 9 (RPB2) and 12 (Tsr1) bp differences from all other species. It shares identical ITS sequences with some T. freemaniae and T. mzansiensis strains. Morphologically, the new species are very similar to T. coalescens; both have colonies producing bright red soluble pigments, which are not produced by T. mzansiensis (Yilmaz et al. 2014, Visagie et al. 2024). Minor differences DUHQRWHGUHJDUGLQJFRORQ\JURZWKUDWHVRQ&<$DWƒ&WKH new species grows faster than T. coalescens (14–18 vs 2–4 PP EXWDELWVORZHURQ&<$DWƒ& ±YV±PP  Talaromyces ignescens produces synnemata 970–2000 μm long, while those of T. mzansiensisDUHXSWRȝPORQJ and T. coalescens DUH±ȝPORQJ YRXFKHU6SULELOOH *=8 *HQ%DQN.5 Identities = 697/716 (97 %), four gaps (0 %)], Tuberculiforma sinensis>VWUDLQ=<*HQ%DQN25,GHQWLWLHV  765/804 (95 %), two gaps (0 %)] and Pseudosclerococcum golindoi>YRXFKHU$5$1)XQJL*HQ%DQN1*B Identities = 834/893 (93 %), eight gaps (0 %)]. The closest hits of the named species using the mtSSU sequence are Rhopalophora clavispora >FXOWXUH &%6  *HQ%DQN KX537760; Identities = 502/554 (91 %), one gap (0 %)], Sclerococcum parasiticum >YRXFKHU - 3\NDOD  +  *HQ%DQN .< ,GHQWLWLHV      WKUHH gaps (0 %)] and Sclerococcum ricasoliae [voucher A.F. Colour illustrations: Leaves of Quercus robur with patches of sooty mould communities, Poland. Colony on MEA; clusters of subglobose cells with conidiogenous cells; conidiogenous cells; conidia; FKODP\GRVSRUHOLNHFHOOV6FDOHEDUV —P Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025576 0.05 Sclerococcum vrijmoediae NTOU 4002 (KC692153/NR_138396/–) Sclerococcum stygium ARAN-Fungi 3395 (MK759896/–/MK759903) Pseudosclerococcum golindoi CBS 143732 (MK759890/MK759885/MK759897) Sclerococcum sphaerale Ertz 17425 (JX081674/–/JX081676) "Dactylospora" sp. G.M. 2014-05-13 (–/OM774427/–) Cylindroconidiis aquaticus MFLUCC 11-0294 (MH236579/MH236576/–) Beetle-associated isolate INBio 4513J (KM242356/KM242356/–) Tuberculiforma catenata CBS 492.81 (MH873124/MH861371/–) Fusichalara minuta CBS 709.88 (KX537758/KX537754/KX537762) Sclerococcum deminutum RP235 (–/KY661629/–) Gamsomyces stilboideus CBS 146494 (MT020879/MT020867/–) Beetle-associated isolate INBio 4503Q (KM242300/KM242300/–) Sclerococcum mangrovei CBS 110444 (FJ176890/–/KJ766383) Sclerococcum parasiticum RP422 (KY661666/KY661646/KY661690) Beetle-associated isolate INBio 4513L (KM242358/KM242358/–) "Dactylospora" sp. G.M. 2015-05-23 (PP389420/PP389420/–) Sclerococcum simplex MFLU 21-0117 (MZ655912/MZ664325/MZ676669) Sclerococcum pseudobactrodesmium CGMCC 3.25577 (OR514703/OR514694/OR588037) Sclerococcum glaucomarioides RP275 (KY661660/KY661632/KY661683) Sclerococcum ricasoliae A.F. 25611 (MT153990/MT153961/MT153922) Sclerococcum ahtii RP127 (–/KY661618/–) Sclerococcum chiangraiensis MFLU 16-0570 (MH718433/MH718440/–) Sclerococcum martynii MCA 7061 (MZ221619/MZ221610/–) Tuberculiforma enigmatica CBS 153697 (PV242258/PV242217/PV247098) Gamsomyces aquaticus MFLUCC 18-1015 (MN335230/MN335228/–) Sclerococcum fusiforme MFLU 16-0593 (MH718434/MH718441/–) Sclerococcum lobariellum ARAN-Fungi 10091 (MK759891/–/MK759898) Sclerococcum haliotrephum ATCC-MYA 3590 (FJ176855/–/KJ766382) Rhopalophora clavispora CBS 637.73 (KX537757/KX537753/KX537761) Trichocoma paradoxa CBS 788.93 (FJ358290/–/FJ225782) Fusichalara pallida NCYU-111FX4-2A3 (OR944931/OR944928/–) "Dactylospora" sp. G.M. 2018-08-02 (MZ493182/MZ493182/–) Tuberculiforma sinensis CGMCC 3.25512 (OR680592/OR680525/–) "Dactylospora" sp. G.M. 2019-09-05 (MZ481930/MZ481930/–) Gamsomyces longisporus CBS 240.89 (MT020878/MT020866/–) 71/– 78/1 63/– 100/1 57/– 62/– 100/1 100/1 66/1 62/0.91 67/– 86/1 100/1 72/– 97/1 89/1 74/1 77/– 100/1 76/– 52/– 100/1 79/1 96/1 –/0.97 60/– 56/0.98 Sc le ro co cc al es Tu be rc ul ifo rm al es Phylogenetic tree of representatives of the orders Sclerococcales and TuberculiformalesREWDLQHGIURPDPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVRIWKH FRPELQHGPXOWLORFXVDOLJQPHQW FKDUDFWHUVLQFOXGLQJJDSV/68,76PW668 7KHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGDQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGXVLQJ RAxML-NG v. 1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. 2019) and the Bayesian inference was performed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The position of Tuberculiforma enigmatica is indicated in bold DQGKLJKOLJKWHGZLWKDFRORXUHGEORFN1XPEHUVDERYHEUDQFKHVLQGLFDWHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRG bootstrap (MLB) support values > 50 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) > 0.9, respectively (MLB/BPP). Trichocoma paradoxa was used as an outgroup. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. 03LąWHN06WU\MDN%RJDFND 3&]DFKXUD:6]DIHU,QVWLWXWHRI%RWDQ\3ROLVK$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV/XELF]3/.UDNyZ 3RODQGHPDLOPSLDWHN#ERWDQ\SOPERJDFND#ERWDQ\SO SF]DFKXUD#ERWDQ\SO *HQ%DQN07 ,GHQWLWLHV      three gaps (0 %)]. Supplementary material: https://doi.org/10.6084/ P¿JVKDUHY DOLJQPHQW  Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 577 Vishniacozyma indica Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025578 Fungal Planet 1866 MB 857430 Vishniacozyma indica A. Thomas & T.K.A. Kumar, sp. nov. Etymology: Named after the country where it was collected, India. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ: Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales, Tremellomycetes. Basidiocarps 3–8 × 2–3 mm, soft gelatinous, pustular, discrete, occasionally coalescing, translucent, off-white to white when IUHVKWXUQLQJWRWKLQ¿OPDGKHUHGRQWKHVXEVWUDWXPZKHQGU\ Spore print whitish. Hymenium limited to the upper surface. Hyphidia absent. Basidia 20–34 × 17–19 μm, globose, sphaeropedunculate, 2–4-celled, longitudinally or obliquely septate, thin-walled, guttulate, hyaline. Basidiospores 8–12 × 8–12 μm (Q = 0.88–1.04 μm, Qm = 0.97 μm), subglobose to globose, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, guttulate, apiculate. Secondary spore production from basidiospores observed. Zygoconidia not observed. Tramal hyphae±—PZLGHWKLFN walled towards base, branched, smooth, hyaline, frequently anastomosing, gelatinous, without clamp connections. Haustoria not observed. Habit and distribution2QGHDGWZLJVNQRZQRQO\ IURPWKH type collection site. Typus: India .HUDOD 6WDWH .R]KLNRGH 'LVWULFW .DNNDG ƒ¶¶¶1 ƒ¶¶¶(  P DVO RQ GHDG WZLJV 13 Dec. 2023, A. Thomas (holotype ZGCAT354; LSU sequence *HQ%DQN33  Additional material examined: India.HUDOD6WDWH.R]KLNRGH 'LVWULFW.DNNDGRQGHDGWZLJV'HFA. Thomas, =*&$7/68VHTXHQFH*HQ%DQN33 Notes: Vishniacozyma was established by Liu et al. (2015a) in Bulleribasidiaceae to accommodate 11 species belonging to the victoriae (sensu Fonseca et al. 2011) and dimennae FODGHV UHFRJQLVHG LQ%RHNKRXWet al. (2011), and Liu et al. (2015b). Thirty-two species have been reported in the genus so far (Index Fungorum accessed on 23 Jan. 2025). Except for V. nebularis, all other members of Vishniacozyma are NQRZQRQO\E\ WKHLU\HDVWVWDJH7KLV LV WKHVHFRQG WLPHD species of the genus with a basidiocarp has been reported. Vishniacozyma indica is characterised by the presence of gelatinous pustular basidiocarps; longitudinally septate, globose, sphaeropedunculate basidia; subglobose to globose basidiospores, secondary spore formation from basidiospores, and hyphae without clamp connections. Although V. indica shows similarity with V. nebularis in having pustular gelatinous basidiocarps, it differs by the absence of H-shaped zygoconidia, and clamp connections. In our molecular phylogentic analysis of Tremellomycetes, the Kerala collections clustered along with species of Vishniacozyma, as sister to Tremella. Vishniacozyma indica settled as sister clade with V. ellesmerensis, which is a psychrophilic basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from WKHJODFLHURQWKH&DQDGLDQ$UFWLF 7VXMLet al. 2019). Morphological and molecular evidence prove that the collections from Kerala represent a so far undescribed Vishniacozyma VSHFLHV 7KLV LV WKH ¿UVW UHSRUW RI Vishniacozyma species with the absence of clamp connections. There are no reports of this genus from India to date. Supplementary materialGRLP¿JVKDUH (table, alignment and phylogram). Colour illustrations ,QGLD.HUDODVWDWH.R]KLNRGHGLVWULFW.DNNDG type locality. Left inset shows fresh basidiocarps; right insets show cross section of basidiocarp; tramal hyphae; hymenium with basidia and basidiospores. Scale bars: basidiocarp = 10 mm; right insets = 10 μm. Crous PW et al.: Fungal Planet 1781–1866 579 0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRGWUHHJHQHUDWHGIURPWKHQU/68VHTXHQFHVRIVishniacozyma and Tremella members. IQ-TREE v. 1 (IQ-TREE Web Server: )DVWDQGDFFXUDWHSK\ORJHQHWLFWUHHVXQGHUPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGXQLYLHDFDW  7UL¿QRSRXORVet al. 2016) was used to generate the phylogenetic tree. Parameters such as autodetecting the substitution model, ultrafast bootstrap analysis with 1000 bootstrap alignments, and Shimodaira- +DVHJDZD 6+ OLNHDSSUR[LPDWHOLNHOLKRRGUDWLRWHVW 6+D/57 ZHUHVHWIRUFRQVWUXFWLQJWKHSK\ORJUDP 1JX\HQet al. 2015, Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Hoang et al. 2018). The new species and its voucher numbers are indicated in boldEODFNOHWWHUV $7KRPDV 7.$.XPDU'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\7KH=DPRULQ¶V*XUXYD\XUDSSDQ&ROOHJH DI¿OLDWHGWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLFXW .HUDOD ,QGLDHPDLODQMLWKDWKRPDV#JPDLOFRP WNDNXPDU#JPDLOFRP Persoonia – Volume 54, 2025580 &RQÀLFW RI LQWHUHVW The authors declare that there is no FRQÀLFWRILQWHUHVW REFERENCES Afanador-Kafuri L, González A, Gañán L, et al. (2014). Characterization of the Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in Andean EODFNEHUU\ LQ&RORPELDPlant Disease 98: 1503–1513. https:// doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0752-RE Anon (2016). Fact Sheet – Cyperus brevifolius. In: Weeds of Australia KWWSVNH\VHUYHUOXFLGFHQWUDORUJZHHGVGDWDPHGLD Html/cyperus_brevifolius.htm [accessed 3 Sep.2024]. $UL\DZDQVD +$ 7DQDND . 7KDPEXJDOD .0 et al. (2014). A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Didymosphaeriaceae (= Montagnulaceae). Fungal Diversity 68: 69–104. https://doi. org/10.1007/s13225-014-0305-6 Armada F, Bellanger J-M, Moreau P-A (2024). Champignons de la zone alpine. Fédération Mycologique et Botanique Dauphiné- Savoie. Annemasse. France. Arnolds E (1990). Hygrocybe (Fr.) Kumm., Flora Agaricina NeerlandicaYRO$$%DONHPD5RWWHUGDP Arthur JC (1915). Uredinales of Porto Rico based on collections by FL Stevens. Mycologia 7: 232. https://doi.org/10.2307/3753361 Arthur JC, Kern FD (1920). Dicaeoma on Carex. In: North American Flora9RO1HZ