Hae
Aineistot 1-9 / 9
Interindividual variability and lateralization of mu-opioid receptors in the human brain
Alterations in the brain's mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Central MOR availability also varies considerably in healthy individuals. Multiple epidemiological ...
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight
Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between ...
μ-opioid receptor availability is associated with sex drive in human males
The endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of social and reward-related functions, and exogenous opiates also influence sex drive in humans and animals. Sex drive shows substantial variation across ...
Secretin activates brown fat and induces satiation
<p>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is activated by feeding. Recently, we revealed a secretin-mediated gut–BAT–brain axis, which stimulates satiation in mice, but the purpose of meal-induced BAT activation in humans ...
Aerobic Fitness is Associated with Cerebral mu-Opioid Receptor Activation in Healthy Humans
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central μ-opioid receptors (MORs) modulate affective responses to physical exercise. Individuals with higher aerobic fitness report greater exercise-induced mood improvements than those ...
Association of CNR1 gene and cannabinoid 1 receptor protein in the human brain
We aimed to integrate genomic mapping from brain mRNA atlas with the protein expression from positron emission tomography (PET) scans of type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and to compare the predictive power of CB1 receptor ...
Obesity risk is associated with brain glucose uptake and insulin resistance
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether alterations in brain glucose uptake (BGU), insulin action in the brain-liver axis and whole-body insulin sensitivity occur in young adults in pre-obese state.</p><p>< ...
Cerebral μ-opioid and CB1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior
<p>Eating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptors (CB<sub>1</sub>R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain’s opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB<sub>1</sub>R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [<sup>18</sup>F]FMPEP-d<sub>2</sub> scans of CB<sub>1</sub>Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating—individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment’s palatable food cues. CB<sub>1</sub>R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB<sub>1</sub>Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual’s excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.<br></p>...
Novel Effects of the Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretin on Cardiac Metabolism and Renal Function
<p>The cardiac benefits of gastrointestinal hormones have been of interest in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the myocardial and renal effects of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin in the GUTBAT trial (NCT03290846). A placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted on 15 healthy males in fasting conditions, where subjects were blinded to the intervention. Myocardial glucose uptake was measured with [<sup>18</sup>F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG) positron emission tomography. Kidney function was measured with [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG renal clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secretin increased myocardial glucose uptake compared to placebo (secretin vs. placebo, mean + standard deviation, 15.5 ± 7.4 vs. 9.7 ± 4.9 μmol/100g/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.2, 9.4], p=0.004). Secretin also increased [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG renal clearance (44.5 ± 5.4 vs. 39.5 ± 8.5 ml/min, 95%CI[1.9, 8.1], p=0.004) and eGFR was significantly increased from baseline after secretin, compared to placebo (17.8 ± 9.8 vs. 6.0 ± 5.2 Δml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>, 95%CI[6.0, 17.6], p=0.001). Our results implicate that secretin increases heart work and renal filtration, making it an interesting drug candidate for future studies in heart and kidney failure.</p>...