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- Ladataan...Blood proteomic biomarkers in acute diagnostics of traumatic brain injury: Studies on adult patients with traumatic brain injury
Turun yliopiston julkaisuja - Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Ser D: Medica, Odontologica : 1981 (Turun yliopisto, 2026-08-21)Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide; in more severe cases, it may require long-term intensive care treatment and rehabilitation for survivors. Diagnosis has long been based on clinical signs, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and head computed tomography (CT) scanning. TBI is a highly complex condition affecting several structures; however, the GCS score does not account for the underlying pathophysiological injuries in TBI. In addition, CT findings may be absent in mild TBI (mTBI), the most common form of TBI. This study examined the use of blood biomarkers [β-amyloids 1–40 (Aβ40) and 1–42 (Aβ42), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), heart fatty acid-binding protein (H FABP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), neurofilament light (NfL), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and total tau (t-tau)] in TBI research. In the first study, the ability of single biomarkers and their combinations to discriminate between different severities of TBI was examined, along with their capacity to distinguish between mTBI and orthopaedic controls. The ability of the biomarkers to distinguish between different lesion combinations observed on head CT scans was examined in the second study. In the third study, the association between biomarker outliers and clinically significant events and outcomes in ICU-treated patients was evaluated. In the first study, the results indicated that the biomarkers could distinguish mTBI from more severe forms but could not differentiate between mTBI and the orthopaedic controls. In the second study, the biomarkers identified the most severely injured patients, but the sample size was too small to draw conclusions about their ability to differentiate between lesion combinations. In the third study, biomarker outliers appeared to be associated with epileptic seizures/status epilepticus and decompressive hemicraniectomy; however, this finding may be attributable to more severe TBI.Traumaattisen aivovamman akuuttidiagnostiikassa käytetyt veren proteomiset biomarkkerit Tapaturmainen aivovamma on maailmanlaajuisesti merkittävä kuolinsyy, joka saattaa aiheuttaa eloon jääville pysyviä vaurioita sekä vaikeampien vammojen jälkeen pitkiä tehohoito- ja kuntoutusjaksoja. Diagnostiikan kulmakivinä ovat pitkään olleet kliiniset oireet, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ja pään tietokonekuvantaminen. Tapaturmainen aivovamma on monimutkainen vamma ja vaikuttaa useisiin aivojen rakenteisiin, mutta GCS ei huomioi vammojen patofysiologista taustaa. Suurin osa aivovammoista on lieviä, jolloin myöskään pään tietokonekuvantamisessa ei välttämättä ole löydöksiä. Väitöstutkimuksessa tutkittiin veren biomarkkereiden [β-amyloidit 1-40 (Aβ40) ja 1-42 (Aβ42), GFAP, H-FABP, interleukiini-10 (IL-10), NfL, S100B, t-tau] käyttöä aivovammatutkimuksessa. Ensimmäisessä osatyössä tutkittiin sekä yksittäisten biomarkkereiden että niiden yhdistelmien kykyä erottaa vammojen eri vakavuusasteet sekä kykyä erottaa lievät aivovammapotilaat ortopedisista kontrollipotilaista. Toisessa osatyössä analysoitiin biomarkkereiden kykyä erottaa erilaisia vammakombinaatioita vertaamalla biomarkkeritasoja pään tietokonekuviin. Kolmannessa osatyössä tutkittiin teho osastolla hoidettujen aivovammapotilaiden biomarkkeritason poikkeamia ja niiden yhteyttä kliinisesti merkittäviin tapahtumiin sekä toipumiseen. Ensimmäisen osatyön tuloksena oli, että biomarkkereilla pystyttiin erottamaan lievät aivovammat vaikeammista, mutta lieviä aivovammoja ei pystytty erottamaan ortopedisista kontrollipotilaista. Toisessa osatyössä biomarkkerit pystyivät erottamaan vaikeimmin vammautuneet potilaat, mutta biomarkkerien kykyä erottaa eri leesioita ei voitu arvioida riittämättömän potilasmäärän vuoksi. Kolmannen osatyön poikkeavilla biomarkkeritasoilla vaikutti olevan yhteys epileptisiin kohtauksiin/status epileptikukseen sekä dekompressiiviseen hemikraniektomiaan, mutta löydös saattaa johtua potilaiden vakavammasta aivovammasta. - Ladataan...Climate Change, Civil Disobedience, and Pepper SprayVuorinen, Joona (Temenos)
This article examines the different framings of Elokapina’s Hätäjarrutus demonstration in October 2020, at which nonviolent civil disobedience activists were pepper sprayed. The research questions focus on the justifications of the activists’ nonviolent civil disobedience (NVCD) and the police’s use of force, as well as the media’s role in representing the events. The source material consists of news articles and material by Elokapina and the police, which are analysed using framing analysis. Theories of nomos and liminality are applied to explain the actions of both parties. Elokapina is interpreted as challenging the nomos, or the shared societal order, perceived as toxic and exacerbating climate change. The police interpret this demonstrative act as liminal, or beyond the normal societal order, and resort to unusual methods to control the situation. Media framing influences how the event is understood. While most articles are neutrally descriptive, both parties’ narratives are also presented, offering readers the tools to draw conclusions about which party to sympathize with. Applying theories of the study of religions deepens the understanding of climate actions and the sentiments they generate. This article highlights the role the study of religions can play in interpreting the most urgent questions of our time.
- Ladataan...Prognostic role of histological depth of invasion in T1-2 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomaNissi, Linda; Elseragy, Amr; Wahab, Awais; Wennerstrand, Pia; Knuutila, Maisa; Routila, Johannes; Huusko, Teemu; Irjala, Heikki; Salo, Tuula; Ventelä, Sami (Elsevier)
Background
Depth of invasion (DOI) is a well-established prognostic factor in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Incorporating DOI into the OSCC staging system has substantially refined T-classification and now informs key management decisions in patients with early-stage (T1–T2) disease. In contrast, the prognostic significance of DOI in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) remains relatively unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of DOI in T1–2 OPSCC.Materials and methods
A population-based cohort representative of 1033 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients was used to identify T1–2 OPSCC patients treated with a curative intent and a tumor sample available for DOI measurement.Results
In this retrospective cohort study of 74 patients, of whom 63.8% (n = 44) were p16-positive, 71.6% (n = 53) had a DOI ≥ 5 mm. While high DOI correlated with heavy alcohol consumption, it did not predict survival outcomes (5-year disease-specific survival HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.94–1.20; p = 0.315) or locoregional metastasis (HR 1.54; 95% CI 0.51–4.63; p = 0.444) in T1–2 tumors of the oropharynx. Instead, within the p16-negative cohort, increased DOI (≥ 5 mm) was associated with an observable tendency toward poorer survival.Conclusion
DOI was not a prognostic factor in p16-positive T1–2 OPSCC. Nevertheless, DOI may hold prognostic relevance for p16-negative disease. The patterns of local invasion and locoregional spread in OPSCC may reflect distinct biological mechanisms compared to those in other head and neck subsites. - Ladataan...Feasibility of multimodal metabolic analysis for detecting early changes in acute neuroinflammationGrist, James T.; Evstafev, Ilia; Olesova, Dominika; Nynäs, Signe E.; Orešič, Matej; Dickens, Alex M.; Tyler, Damian J.; Couch, Yvonne (Springer Science and Business Media LLC)Given the prevalence of metabolic perturbations in a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, understanding and monitoring brain metabolism is a key step in our advancement of therapies. The details of the citric acid cycle were established at the beginning of the last century but only recently have its metabolic intermediates been observed in vivo in the brain. In this study, we employed orthogonal analyses to investigate metabolic alterations in response to acute neuroinflammation in vivo, demonstrating a multi-technique approach that could be used for future studies.Hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate spectroscopy revealed an early decline in pyruvate metabolism via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), leading to reduced 13C-bicarbonate formation. This metabolic disruption occurred despite the absence of structural or perfusion changes on conventional MRI. Further analysis of polar metabolites in the ipsilateral hemisphere confirmed ongoing inflammatory processes. These findings highlight the potential of this dual technique approach to inform upon metabolic changes due to neuroinflammation.Combining methods to probe metabolism in invasive (metabolomics) and non-invasive (hyperpolarized MRI) manners, this represents a promising translational approach for real-time metabolic assessments in an area of the body, the brain, where studying processes such as metabolism has traditionally been challenging. This study has demonstrated the approach to monitor changes in metabolism in response to inflammation in the brain.
- Ladataan...Adolescents’ Intentions for Upper Secondary Education: The Role of Metacognitive AwarenessKallio Heli; Kallio Manne; Virta Kalle; Iiskala Tuike (EJournal Publishing)