Julkaisuarkisto

The study aimed to describe which criteria are used by medical and performance practitioners in elite European football to progress players through different stages of rehabilitation following a hamstring strain injury. Practitioners from European football clubs from five first-division leagues (Bundesliga, La Liga, Ligue 1, Premier League, Serie A) were invited to participate in an online survey developed in English using the online software QuestionPro. The survey was divided into two parts: part one (six questions) aimed to analyse demographic and job roles; part two (six questions) presented two clinical cases. In total, 25 surveys were completed. The participants were asked to rate on a Likert scale from "Not important" to "Very important" the following criteria for the Return-to-high-speed-running, Return-to-training and Return-to-performance phases: Time since injury, Absence of pain, Hamstring flexibility, Askling H-Test, Negative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (injury fully healed), Psychological readiness, Isometric strength, Eccentric strength (Nordics test), Isokinetic test, Single leg bridge (maximal number of repetitions), Jump tests, Completion of progressive on-field exposure (internal and external training load), Ability to run at maximal speed, Repeated sprint ability test, Global Position System (GPS) metrics equivalent to match requirements. We found that practitioners used a variety of criteria across the different stages. This heterogeneity highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to return-to-play (RTP) decision-making across all the phases, especially when rehabilitating an intramuscular hamstring tendon injury. Overall, the practitioners felt the need for a greater number and higher specificity of tests during the rehabilitation progression for the intramuscular tendon than the myotendinous junction injury.

This article investigates hashtag-centered action during the 227 controversy on Weibo following the 2020 blocking of Archive of Our Own (AO3) in China, focusing on Chinese Boys’ Love (BL) fans’ participation in this episode of digitally mediated contention. Through participant observation, interviews, and secondary source analysis, it traces BL fans’ development of sophisticated algorithmic imaginaries: shared understandings of how platform algorithms function and can be contested. The study reveals three-layered algorithmic imaginaries: participatory visibility, commercial manipulation, and institutional authority. These imaginaries circulated across adjacent user communities, showing how algorithmic knowledge accumulates and adapts within China’s co-regulated platform environment. The analysis advances scholarship on digital contention by demonstrating how, under authoritarian constraints, everyday users collectively negotiate algorithmic power, making hashtags as infrastructures for learning and tactical adaptation.

Utilizing the optical imaging Fourier transform spectrograph SITELLE, the Star-formation, Ionized Gas and Nebular Abundances Legacy Survey (SIGNALS) is designed to study the connection between star-forming regions and their environments. Targeting 31 local star-forming galaxies, its data products also lend themselves to planetary nebula (PN) surveys. We present here a new pipeline to find PNe using automated emission-line diagnostics and morphology tests, that is able to distinguish PNe from contaminants with an accuracy similar to that of past visual methods. We also perform thorough completeness tests using mock PNe inserted into the data cubes with full spectra. We apply these tools to a pilot sample of two dwarf irregular galaxies from the SIGNALS survey, NGC 4214 and NGC 4449, with other galaxies to follow. For these two galaxies, we identify 25 PNe (including six new discoveries) and 23 PNe (including 13 new discoveries), respectively, and calculate PN luminosity function distances of 3.09+0.25−0.46 and 3.91+0.33−0.52 Mpc, respectively, the latter consistent with previous estimates. We also calculate the bolometric PN specific frequency of our galaxies (⁠⁠), as well as a newly defined V-band PN specific frequency (⁠⁠) based solely on the galaxies’ total luminosities in that band.

The aims of this chapter are to show how different types of bursts can be used to study the writing process, to offer a new type of burst based on visualisations, and to provide examples of how bursts and visualisations can help identify writers’ profiles in the initial phase of writing. This chapter combines theory with term definition to present an empirical study that uses a visualisation tool in a data-driven way.

Writing process research seeks to understand the cognitive processes that underlie final output by examining the actions that take place during the writing process. Such studies may focus on different elements and have specific purposes. For instance, fluency features, including automatically processed linguistic elements (e.g., multiword sequences; Perez-Bettan, 2015; Wray, 2002), and disfluency features, such as pauses and revisions (Baaijen & Galbraith, 2018; Cislaru & Olive, 2018; Ellis & Yuan, 2004), may be investigated. Fluency in writing is a cognitive process that can be studied through the relationships between uninterrupted text production—also known as bursts (i.e., an index of fluent writing)—pauses, and revisions (Cislaru & Olive, 2018). Pauses tend to be more frequent, and bursts tend to be shorter in second language (L2) compared to first language (L1) writing (Chenoweth & Hayes, 2001). Following conventions in writing research, we adopted a pause threshold of ≥ 2 seconds for cognitive pauses when studying bursts, as this pause length is considered a mental preparation of the text from a psycholinguistic point of view (Cislaru & Olive, 2018).