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Aineistot 21-30 / 62
Neonatal Amygdala Volumes and the Development of Self-Regulation from Early Infancy to Toddlerhood
<p><i>Objective:</i> At the broadest level, self-regulation refers to a
range of separate, but inter-related, processes (e.g., working memory,
inhibition, emotion regulation) central for the regulation of cognition,
emotion ...
Maternal prenatal psychological distress associates with offspring early-life wheezing - FinnBrain Birth Cohort
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to prenatal maternal psychological distress may contribute to the development of childhood atopic disorders. Little is known about the importance of distress severity and its duration ...
Children's diurnal cortisol output and temperament in two different childcare settings at 2 and 3.5 years of age
<p>Prior research suggests that child temperament may play an important role in early childhood stress regulation. We compared children's diurnal cortisol and the association between cortisol and temperament in two different childcare settings. Cortisol was measured from saliva samples over 2 days in children (N = 84) attending out-of-home childcare and in children (N = 27), who were cared for at home at the age of 3.5 years. There was no difference between the childcare groups in total diurnal cortisol. However, of the individual measurements, afternoon cortisol levels were higher in the out-of-home childcare group during their childcare day when compared with their home day. Child temperament was not associated with total diurnal cortisol. Comparison with our prior measurements showed that the association between temperamental surgency/extroversion and total diurnal cortisol diminished along with the child age from 2 to 3.5 years in both childcare settings. This may indicate that more extroverted children are physiologically more reactive to environmental stimuli when they are younger, but this association does not appear as the children develop. Our results further suggest that the afternoon hours in the out-of-home childcare may be demanding and accelerate the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activation in young children independent of their age.<br></p>...
Sleep during infancy, inhibitory control and working memory in toddlers: findings from the FinnBrain cohort study
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sleep difficulties are associated with impaired executive functions (EFs) in school-aged children. However, much less is known about how sleep during infancy relates to EF in infants and toddlers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether parent-reported sleep patterns at 6 and 12 months were associated with their inhibitory control (IC) and working memory (WM) performances at 30 months.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included children whose parents filled in a sleep questionnaire at 6 or 12 months and who participated in the development assessment at 30 months (initial available sample at 30 months; N = 472). The final sample comprised (a) 359 infants with IC task and sleep questionnaire at 6 months and 322 toddlers at 12 months and (b) 364 infants with WM task and sleep questionnaire at 6 months and 327 toddlers at 12 months. Nighttime, daytime and total sleep duration, frequency of night awakenings, time awake at night, and proportion of daytime sleep were assessed at 6 and 12 months using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. IC at 30 months was measured using a modified version of the Snack Delay task, and WM was measured at 30 months using the Spin the Pots task. Further, children were divided into three groups (i.e., “poor sleepers”, “intermediate sleepers”, and “good sleepers”) based on percentile cut-offs (i.e., <10th, 10th–90th and > 90th percentiles) to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the direction and nature of the associations between sleep and EF in early childhood.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed an inverted U-shaped association between proportion of daytime sleep at 12 months and IC at 30 months, indicating that average proportions of daytime sleep were longitudinally associated with better IC performance. Furthermore, a linear relation between time awake at night at 12 months and WM at 30 months was found, with more time awake at night associating with worse WM.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings support the hypothesis that sleep disruption in early childhood is associated with the development of later EF and suggest that various sleep difficulties at 12 months distinctively affect WM and IC in toddlers, possibly in a nonlinear manner.<br></p></div>...
The role of alexithymia and perceived stress in mental health responses to COVID-19: A conditional process model
<p><strong>Background</strong><br>Little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying the mental health problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypothetically, perceived stress and alexithymia may be factors ...
Prenatal and early-life environmental factors, family demographics and cortical brain anatomy in 5-year-olds: an MRI study from FinnBrain Birth Cohort
The human brain develops dynamically during early childhood, when the child is sensitive to both genetic programming and extrinsic exposures. Recent studies have found links between prenatal and early life environmental ...
Sex‐specific role of alexithymia in associations between parental bonding and mental health: A moderated mediation model
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the role of alexithymia and potential sex differences in the associations between perceived parental bonding and mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ...
Human milk cortisol concentration predicts experimentally induced infant fear reactivity: moderation by infant sex
<p>Little consideration has been given to the possibility of human infant development being shaped via lactocrine programming, and by breast milk cortisol levels specifically. Despite animal models indicating that ...
Hair Cortisol Concentrations Are Associated with Dental Anxiety during Pregnancy
Dental anxiety (DA) and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are associated with psychological symptoms and vary during pregnancy. We aimed to examine the association between HCC and DA at two points of pregnancy. Participants ...
The factorial structure of the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale in two Finnish samples
<p>Psychological assessment scales need to be psychometrically sound, but previous
research on the factorial structure of one of the most common measures of trait
reactance, the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale (HPRS), ...