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Dysphagia, hypothyroidism, and osteoradionecrosis after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
<h3>Objectives</h3><p>To analyze the long-term side effects of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective chart analysis of all 688 HNC patients treated during 2010–2015 at Turku University Hospital, Finland. All patients who survived for more than a year after RT/chemoRT were included (n = 233). Intensity modulated RT (IMRT) with standard fractionation was applied in each case.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred and six patients (45%) reported persisting dysphagia, for which neck RT increased risk. Definitive neck RT to high-risk volume did not increase late toxicity risks compared to elective neck RT. Radiation-induced hypothyroidism (29%, n = 67) was more common among younger patients and females. Osteoradionecrosis (12%, n = 29) was more common in the oral cavity cancer group (20.7%, n = 92) compared to all other subsites.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Late toxicities of RT for HNC are common. Age, gender, tumor subsite, and neck RT affect susceptibility to long-term side effects.</p><h3>Level of evidence</h3><p>4.</p>...