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Exploratory Analysis of CA125-MGL and –STn Glycoforms in the Differential Diagnostics of Pelvic Masses
<div><div>Background</div><div><br></div><p>The cancer antigen 125 (CA125) immunoassay (IA) does not distinguish epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) from benign disease with the sensitivity needed in clinical practice. In recent studies, glycoforms of CA125 have shown potential as biomarkers in EOC. Here, we assessed the diagnostic abilities of two recently developed CA125 glycoform assays for patients with a pelvic mass. Detailed analysis was further conducted for postmenopausal patients with marginally elevated conventionally measured CA125 levels, as this subgroup presents a diagnostic challenge in the clinical setting.</p></div><div><br></div><div><div>Methods</div><p>Our study population contained 549 patients diagnosed with EOC, benign ovarian tumors, and endometriosis. Of these, 288 patients were postmenopausal, and 98 of them presented with marginally elevated serum levels of conventionally measured CA125 at diagnosis. Preoperative serum levels of conventionally measured CA125 and its glycoforms (CA125-MGL and CA125-STn) were determined.</p></div><div><br></div><div><div>Results</div><p>The CA125-STn assay identified EOC significantly better than the conventional CA125-IA in postmenopausal patients (85% vs. 74% sensitivity at a fixed specificity of 90%, P = 0.0009). Further, both glycoform assays had superior AUCs compared to the conventional CA125-IA in postmenopausal patients with marginally elevated CA125. Importantly, the glycoform assays reduced the false positive rate of the conventional CA125-IA.</p></div><div><br></div><div><div>Conclusions</div><p>The results indicate that the CA125 glycoform assays markedly improve the performance of the conventional CA125-IA in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses. This result is especially valuable when CA125 is marginally elevated.</p></div>...
Trends in presentation, treatment and survival of 1777 patients with colorectal cancer over a decade: a Biobank study
<p><b>Background:</b>
Most survival data in colorectal cancer (CRC) is derived from clinical
trials or register-based studies. Hospital Biobanks, linked with
hospital electronic records, could serve as a data-gathering ...
ALDH1A1-related stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer is a negative prognostic indicator but potentially targetable by EGFR/mTOR-PI3K/aurora kinase inhibitors
Poor chemotherapy response remains a major treatment challenge for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer stem cells are the major contributors to relapse and treatment failure as they can survive conventional therapy. ...
FMNL2/FMNL3 formins are linked with oncogenic pathways and predict melanoma outcome
<p>While most early (stage I-II) melanomas are cured by surgery, recurrence
is not uncommon. Prognostication by current clinicopathological
parameters does not provide sufficient means for identifying patients
who ...
EGFR gene copy number decreases during anti-EGFR antibody therapy in colorectal cancer
<p>Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number (GCN) increase is associated with a favorable anti-EGFR antibody treatment response in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. However, there are limited and ...
Gastric cancer: immunohistochemical classification of molecular subtypes and their association with clinicopathological characteristics
<p>Gastric cancer is traditionally divided into intestinal and diffuse
histological subtypes, but recent molecular analyses have led to novel
classification proposals based on genomic alterations. While the
intestinal- ...
A longitudinal analysis of CA125 glycoforms in the monitoring and follow up of high grade serous ovarian cancer
<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is generally considered the gold standard of biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). We recently reported, that two CA125 glycoforms (CA125-STn and CA125-MGL) have a high specificity to HGSC and further hypothesized, that these cancer specific glycoforms are feasible candidates as biomarkers in HGSC treatment and follow up.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Our cohort consisted of 122 patients diagnosed with HGSC. Serum samples were collected longitudinally at the time of diagnosis, during treatment and follow up. Serum levels of CA125, CA125-STn and CA125-MGL were determined and compared or correlated with different end points (tumor load assessed intraoperatively, residual disease, treatment response, progression free survival).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Serum CA125-STn levels at diagnosis differentiated patients with low tumor load and high tumor load (p = 0,030), indicating a favorable detection of tumor volume. Similarly, the CA125-STn levels at diagnosis were significantly lower in patients with subsequent complete cytoreduction than in patients with suboptimal cytoreduction (p = 0,025). Conventional CA125 did not differentiate these patients (p = 0,363 and p = 0,154). The CA125-STn nadir value predicted the progression free survival of patients. The detection of disease relapse was improved with CA125-STn, which presented higher fold increase in 80,0% of patients and earlier increase in 37,0% of patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>CA125-STn showed promise as a useful biomarker in the monitoring and follow up of patients with HGSC utilizing a robust and affordable technique. Our findings are topical as a suitable indicator of tumor load facilitates patient selection in an era of new targeted therapies.</p></div>...