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Linking Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism: Moving beyond Associations
<p>Various studies aiming to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome-metabolome co-axis in health and disease have primarily focused on water-soluble polar metabolites, whilst non-polar microbial lipids have received less ...
Impact of Extensively Hydrolyzed Infant Formula on Circulating Lipids During Early Life
<p><b>Background:</b> Current evidence suggests that the composition of infant formula (IF) affects the gut microbiome, intestinal function, and immune responses during infancy. However, the impact of IF on circulating ...
Links between central CB1-receptor availability and peripheral endocannabinoids in patients with first episode psychosis
<p>There is an established, link between psychosis and metabolic abnormalities, such as altered glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia, which often precede the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It is known that obesity-associated metabolic disorders are promoted by activation of specific cannabinoid targets (endocannabinoid system (ECS)). Our recent data suggest that there is a change in the circulating lipidome at the onset of first episode psychosis (FEP). With the aim of characterizing the involvement of the central and peripheral ECSs, and their mutual associations; here, we performed a combined neuroimaging and metabolomic study in patients with FEP and healthy controls (HC). Regional brain cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) availability was quantified in two, independent samples of patients with FEP (n = 20 and n = 8) and HC (n = 20 and n = 10), by applying three-dimensional positron emission tomography, using two radiotracers, [<sup>11</sup>C]MePPEP and [<sup>18</sup>F]FMPEP-d2. Ten endogenous cannabinoids or related metabolites were quantified in serum, drawn from these individuals during the same imaging session. Circulating levels of arachidonic acid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were reduced in FEP individuals, but not in those who were predominantly medication free. In HC, there was an inverse association between levels of circulating arachidonoyl glycerol, anandamide, OEA, and palmitoyl ethanolamide, and CB1R availability in the posterior cingulate cortex. This phenomenon was, however, not observed in FEP patients. Our data thus provide evidence of cross talk, and dysregulation between peripheral endocannabinoids and central CB1R availability in FEP.</p>...
Cord-Blood Lipidome in Progression to Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes
Previous studies suggest that children who progress to type 1 diabetes (T1D) later in life already have an altered serum lipid molecular profile at birth. Here, we compared cord blood lipidome across the three study groups: ...
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances associates with an altered lipid composition of breast milk
<p>The composition of human breast milk is highly variable inter- and intra-individually. Environmental factors are suspected to contribute to such compositional variation, however, their impact on breast milk composition ...
Lipidomic Analyses Reveal Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by the PFAS Perfluoroundecanoic Acid (PFUnDA) in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice
<p>Exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to multiple undesirable health outcomes across a full lifespan, both in animal models as well as in human epidemiological studies. Immunosuppressive ...
Dysregulation of secondary bile acid metabolism precedes islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes
<p>The gut microbiota is crucial in the regulation of bile acid (BA) metabolism. However, not much is known about the regulation of BAs during progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we analyzed serum and stool BAs in ...
Metabolic signatures across the full spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
<p>Background & Aims<br></p><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease with potentially severe complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we have identified ...
Conjugated C-6 hydroxylated bile acids in serum relate to human metabolic health and gut Clostridia species
<p>Knowledge about in vivo effects of human circulating C-6 hydroxylated bile acids (BAs), also called muricholic acids, is sparse. It is unsettled if the gut microbiome might contribute to their biosynthesis. Here, we ...
The human liver lipidome is significantly related to the lipid composition and aggregation susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles
<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to aggregation predicts atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, causes of interindividual variation in LDL lipid composition ...