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Can Larvae of Forest Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Feed on Live Plant Roots?
Simple SummaryDetailed natural history information is still lacking for many species of soil-dwelling invertebrates. We asked whether the larvae (wireworms) of two click beetle species, which are most abundant in European ...
Opposite latitudinal patterns for bird and arthropod predation revealed in experiments with differently colored artificial prey
The strength of biotic interactions is generally thought to increase toward the equator, but support for this hypothesis is contradictory. We explored whether predator attacks on artificial prey of eight different colors ...
The costs and effectiveness of chemical defenses in herbivorous insects: a meta-analysis
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The evolution of defensive traits and strategies depends on the intensity of selection imposed by natural enemies and on the fitness costs of defenses against these enemies. We tested several hypotheses about the ...
Two Birch Species Demonstrate Opposite Latitudinal Patterns in Infestation by Gall-Making Mites in Northern Europe
Latitudinal patterns in herbivory, i.e. variations in plant losses to animals with latitude, are generally explained by temperature gradients. However, earlier studies suggest that geographical variation in abundance and ...
Photosynthetic Efficiency is Higher in Asymmetric Leaves than in Symmetric Leaves of the Same Plant
Symmetry pervades nature, but asymmetry is also rather common. Deviations from genetically programmed symmetry are usually associated with internal or external developmental disturbances and may therefore be related to ...
Can the use of landmarks improve the suitability of fluctuating asymmetry in plant leaves as an indicator of stress?
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as the random deviations from symmetry in morphological traits, has repeatedly been suggested as a handy indicator of genetic and environmental stress experienced by organisms during ...
Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)
We re-evaluate eleven fossils that have previously been assigned to the family Tortricidae, describe one additional fossil, and assess whether observable morphological features warrant confident assignment of these specimens ...
Pheromones and Barcoding Delimit Boundaries between Cryptic Species in the Primitive Moth Genus Eriocrania (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae)
Animal classification is primarily based on morphological characters, even though these may not be the first to diverge during speciation. In many cases, closely related taxa are actually difficult to distinguish based on ...
Critical evaluation of faunistic data: Three species of monotrysian moths (Eriocraniidae, Prodoxidae and Incurvariidae) erroneously reported from Russia
The published records of Eriocrania chrysolepidella Zeller, 1851, Incurvaria koerneriella (Zeller, 1839) and Lampronia aeneella (Heinemann, 1870) from Chuvash and Karelia Republics in Russia are based on misidentified ...
Doubling of biomass production in European boreal forest trees by a four-year suppression of background insect herbivory
Background insect herbivory, i.e. the minor but chronic plant damage caused by insects, is usually considered `negligible' for plants when compared with the severe defoliation associated with forest pest outbreaks. We ...