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Feasibility of FreeSurfer Processing for T1-Weighted Brain Images of 5-Year-Olds: Semiautomated Protocol of FinnBrain Neuroimaging Lab
<p>Pediatric neuroimaging is a quickly developing field that still faces important methodological challenges. Pediatric images usually have more motion artifact than adult images. The artifact can cause visible errors in ...
Subcortical and hippocampal brain segmentation in 5-year-old children: Validation of FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation
<p>Developing accurate subcortical volumetric quantification tools is crucial for neurodevelopmental studies, as they could reduce the need for challenging and time-consuming manual segmentation. In this study, the accuracy ...
Infant Sex Moderates the Effects of Maternal Pre- and Postnatal Stress on Executive Functioning at 8 Months of Age
<p>Previous studies report that early life stress, including maternal pre- and postnatal stress, has adverse effects on cognitive development and that these associations might be sex-specific. However, no studies exist on ...
Maternal Anxiety Symptoms and Self-Regulation Capacity Are Associated With the Unpredictability of Maternal Sensory Signals in Caregiving Behavior
The unpredictability of maternal sensory signals in caregiving behavior has been recently found to be linked with infant neurodevelopment. The research area is new, and very little is yet known, how maternal anxiety and ...
Neonatal Amygdala Volumes and the Development of Self-Regulation from Early Infancy to Toddlerhood
<p><i>Objective:</i> At the broadest level, self-regulation refers to a
range of separate, but inter-related, processes (e.g., working memory,
inhibition, emotion regulation) central for the regulation of cognition,
emotion ...
Maternal prenatal psychological distress associates with offspring early-life wheezing - FinnBrain Birth Cohort
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to prenatal maternal psychological distress may contribute to the development of childhood atopic disorders. Little is known about the importance of distress severity and its duration ...
Prenatal and early-life environmental factors, family demographics and cortical brain anatomy in 5-year-olds: an MRI study from FinnBrain Birth Cohort
The human brain develops dynamically during early childhood, when the child is sensitive to both genetic programming and extrinsic exposures. Recent studies have found links between prenatal and early life environmental ...
Human milk cortisol concentration predicts experimentally induced infant fear reactivity: moderation by infant sex
<p>Little consideration has been given to the possibility of human infant development being shaped via lactocrine programming, and by breast milk cortisol levels specifically. Despite animal models indicating that ...
Infant fecal microbiota composition and attention to emotional faces
The gut microbiota has been suggested to influence neurodevelopment in
rodents. Preliminary human studies have associated fecal microbiota
composition with features of emotional and cognitive development as well
as differences in thalamus-amygdala connectivity. Currently,
microbiota-gut-brain axis studies cover heterogenous set of infant and
child brain developmental phenotypes, while microbiota associations with
more fine-grained aspects of brain development remain largely unknown.
Here (N = 122, 53% boys), we investigated the associations
between infant fecal microbiota composition and infant attention to
emotional faces, as bias for faces is strong in infancy and deviations
in early processing of emotional facial expressions may influence the
trajectories of social-emotional development. The fecal microbiota
composition was assessed at 2.5 months of age and analyzed with 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. Attention to emotional faces was assessed with an
age-appropriate face-distractor paradigm, using neutral, happy, fearful,
and scrambled faces and salient distractors, at 8 months of age. We
observed an association between a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and a higher abundance of Clostridium
with an increased “fear bias,” that is, attention toward fearful versus
happy/neutral faces. This data suggests an association between early
microbiota and later fear bias, a well-established infant phenotype of
emotionally directed attention. However, the clinical significance or
causality of our findings remains to be assessed....
The role of TPH2 variant rs4570625 in shaping infant attention to social signals
<p>TPH2, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, has been connected to several psychiatric outcomes. Its allelic variant, rs4570625, has been found to relate to individual differences in cognitive and emotion ...