Hae
Aineistot 11-20 / 29
The effect of syllable-level hyphenation on reading comprehension: Evidence from eye movements
<p>Syllabification by hyphens (e.g., hy-phen-a-tion) is a standard procedure in early Finnish reading instruction. However, recent findings indicate that hyphenation slows down children’s reading already during the first ...
Vocabulary, metacognitive knowledge and task orientation as predictors of narrative picture book comprehension: from preschool to grade 3
This is a study of early picture book comprehension, its determinants and later development through primary school. More specifically, picture book comprehension was analyzed longitudinally from age 5 to age 9, delineating ...
Working memory training restores aberrant brain activity in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
The development of treatments for attention impairments is hampered by limited knowledge about the malleability of underlying neural functions. We conducted the first randomized controlled trial to determine the modulations ...
Does TMS on V3 block conscious visual perception?
<div><p><a title="Learn more about Visual cortex" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/visual-cortex"><u>Primary visual cortex</u></a> (V1) and <a title="Learn more about Extrastriate cortex" ...
Variation in the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus alters morning plasma cortisol, hepatic corticosteroid binding globulin expression, gene expression in peripheral tissues, and risk of cardiovascular disease
<p>The stress hormone cortisol modulates fuel metabolism, cardiovascular homoeostasis, mood, inflammation and cognition. The CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium previously identified a single locus associated with morning plasma cortisol. Identifying additional genetic variants that explain more of the variance in cortisol could provide new insights into cortisol biology and provide statistical power to test the causative role of cortisol in common diseases. The CORNET consortium extended its genome-wide association meta-analysis for morning plasma cortisol from 12,597 to 25,314 subjects and from similar to 2.2 M to similar to 7 M SNPs, in 17 population-based cohorts of European ancestries. We confirmed the genetic association with SERPINA6/SERPINA1. This locus contains genes encoding corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and alpha 1-antitrypsin. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses undertaken in the STARNET cohort of 600 individuals showed that specific genetic variants within the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus influence expression of SERPINA6 rather than SERPINA1 in the liver. Moreover, trans-eQTL analysis demonstrated effects on adipose tissue gene expression, suggesting that variations in CBG levels have an effect on delivery of cortisol to peripheral tissues. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses provided evidence that each genetically-determined standard deviation (SD) increase in morning plasma cortisol was associated with increased odds of chronic ischaemic heart disease (0.32, 95% CI 0.06-0.59) and myocardial infarction (0.21, 95% CI 0.00-0.43) in UK Biobank and similarly in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. These findings reveal a causative pathway for CBG in determining cortisol action in peripheral tissues and thereby contributing to the aetiology of cardiovascular disease.</p>...
Would adults with autism be less likely to bury the survivors?: An eye movement study of anomalous text reading
<p>In a single eye movement experiment, we investigated the effects of context on the time course of local and global anomaly processing during reading in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In one condition, short ...
Infant fecal microbiota composition and attention to emotional faces
The gut microbiota has been suggested to influence neurodevelopment in
rodents. Preliminary human studies have associated fecal microbiota
composition with features of emotional and cognitive development as well
as differences in thalamus-amygdala connectivity. Currently,
microbiota-gut-brain axis studies cover heterogenous set of infant and
child brain developmental phenotypes, while microbiota associations with
more fine-grained aspects of brain development remain largely unknown.
Here (N = 122, 53% boys), we investigated the associations
between infant fecal microbiota composition and infant attention to
emotional faces, as bias for faces is strong in infancy and deviations
in early processing of emotional facial expressions may influence the
trajectories of social-emotional development. The fecal microbiota
composition was assessed at 2.5 months of age and analyzed with 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. Attention to emotional faces was assessed with an
age-appropriate face-distractor paradigm, using neutral, happy, fearful,
and scrambled faces and salient distractors, at 8 months of age. We
observed an association between a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and a higher abundance of Clostridium
with an increased “fear bias,” that is, attention toward fearful versus
happy/neutral faces. This data suggests an association between early
microbiota and later fear bias, a well-established infant phenotype of
emotionally directed attention. However, the clinical significance or
causality of our findings remains to be assessed....
The role of TPH2 variant rs4570625 in shaping infant attention to social signals
<p>TPH2, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, has been connected to several psychiatric outcomes. Its allelic variant, rs4570625, has been found to relate to individual differences in cognitive and emotion ...
Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation in newborns and children identifies numerous loci related to gestational age
Background Preterm birth and shorter duration of pregnancy are associated with increased morbidity in neonatal and later life. As the epigenome is known to have an important role during fetal development, we investigated ...