Hae

<p><strong>Objective</strong> <br></p><p>To evaluate the role of autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD₆₅(96-585) (t-GADA) as a marker for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to assess the potential HLA-associations with such autoantibodies.<br></p><p><strong>Design</strong><br></p><p>In this cross-sectional study combining data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study, the DIABIMMUNE Study, and the Early Dietary Intervention and Later Signs of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity (EDIA) Study, venous blood samples from 760 individuals (53.7% males) were analyzed for t-GADA, autoantibodies to full-length GAD₆₅ (f-GADA), and islet cell antibodies. Epitope-specific GAD autoantibodies were analyzed from 189 study participants.<br></p><p><strong>Results</strong><br></p><p>T1D had been diagnosed in 174 (23%) participants. Altogether 631 (83%) individuals tested positive for f-GADA and 451 (59%) for t-GADA at a median age of 9.0 years (range 0.2-61.5). t-GADA demonstrated higher specificity (46%) and positive predictive value (30%) for T1D than positivity for f-GADA alone (15% and 21%, respectively). Among participants positive for f-GADA, those who tested positive for t-GADA carried more frequently HLA genotypes conferring increased risk for T1D than those who tested negative for t-GADA (77 vs. 53%; P<0.001).<br></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><br></p><p>Autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated GAD improve the screening for T1D compared to f-GADA and may facilitate the selection of participants for clinical trials. HLA class II-mediated antigen presentation of GAD(96-585)-derived or structurally similar peptides might comprise an important pathomechanism in T1D.</p>...

<p>Genes in the HLA class II region include the most important inherited risk factors for type 1 diabetes (T1D) although also polymorphisms outside the HLA region modulate the predisposition to T1D. This study set out to ...

<p><br></p><p>Aims/hypothesis <br></p><p>Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease of complex aetiology, including a potential role for epigenetic regulation. Previous epigenomic studies focused mainly on clinically ...

<p>Objective<br>We aimed to clarify the association of various HLA risk alleles with different types of autoantibodies initiating islet specific autoimmunity.</p><p>Methods<br>Follow-up cohorts from the Finnish Type 1 ...

<p>Background <br></p><p>Decreased exposure to microbial agents in industrialized countries and urban living areas is considered as a risk factor of developing immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies and asthma. ...