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The neurochemical substrates of habitual and goal-directed control
Our daily decisions are governed by the arbitration between goal-directed and habitual strategies. However, the neurochemical basis of this arbitration is unclear. We assessed the contribution of dopaminergic, serotonergic, ...
Brain amyloid load and its associations with cognition and vascular risk factors in FINGER study
To investigate brain amyloid pathology in a dementia-risk population defined as cardiovascular risk factors, aging, and dementia risk (CAIDE) score of at least 6 but with normal cognition and to examine associations between ...
PET aivosairauksissa
<p>Positroniemissiotomografia (PET) kuvastaa käytetyn merkkiaineen mukaan aivojen verenkiertoa, aineenvaihduntaa, välittäjäainejärjestelmien toimintaa tai tiettyjen proteiinien kertymää. Neurologisten sairauksien diagnostiikassa PET-kuvantamista hyödynnetään eniten muisti- ja liikehäiriösairauksien erotusdiagnostiikassa sekä epilepsiapesäkkeen paikantamisessa selvitettäessä epilepsian leikkaushoidon mahdollisuuksia. PET-kuvantamista käytetään laajasti myös psykiatristen sairauksien tutkimustyössä, mutta sen rooli kliinisessä työssä on toistaiseksi vähäinen.<br></p>...
Individual parkinsonian motor signs and striatal dopamine transporter deficiency: a study with [I-123]FP-CIT SPECT
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Total parkinsonian motor symptom severity correlates with presynaptic striatal dopamine function in patients with Parkinson’s disease. There is a lack of studies that have investigated the associations between parkinsonian motor signs and striatal dopaminergic deficiency in patients with parkinsonism of an unknown origin. Identification of specific motor signs associated with the highest likelihood of striatal dopamine deficiency could aid the differential diagnostics of parkinsonian and tremor syndromes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this cross-sectional clinical and imaging study, detailed motor examinations were performed for 221 patients with parkinsonism or tremor of an unknown origin immediately before dopamine transporter (DAT) [I-123]FP-CIT SPECT imaging. Region-of-interest and voxel-based methods were used to investigate striatal DAT deficiency in relation to individual motor signs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Upper extremity rigidity and facial expression were the only motor signs that differentiated patients with normal and abnormal striatal DAT function. The presence of any upper extremity rigidity showed the highest likelihood of DAT deficiency (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.56–14.75, P = 0.006) followed by reduced facial expression (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.14–4.00, P = 0.018). In patients with DAT deficits, reduced facial expression was associated with DAT deficiency specifically in the caudate nucleus, and increased upper extremity rigidity was associated with DAT loss in the dorsal putamen (FWE-corrected P < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Increased upper extremity muscle tone and hypomimia are independently associated with a higher likelihood of striatal hypodopaminergic imaging finding. This information can be used as a factor when the clinical need of auxiliary investigations, such as DAT SPECT, is considered for patients with parkinsonism.<br /></p></div>...
Dopamine and Opioid Neurotransmission in Behavioral Addictions: A Comparative PET Study in Pathological Gambling and Binge Eating
<p>Although behavioral addictions share many clinical features with drug addictions, they show strikingly large variation in their behavioral phenotypes (such as in uncontrollable gambling or eating). Neurotransmitter ...
No relevant midbrain atrophy in Parkinson's disease
<p>Aims of the study - To investigate whether significant midbrain atrophy is present in Parkinson's disease (PD), and if so, whether it can be used as a marker of striatal dopaminergic degeneration. Methods - In total, ...
Dopamine synthesis capacity correlates with µ-opioid receptor availability in the human basal ganglia: A triple-tracer PET study
<p>Animal studies have suggested that dopamine and opioid neurotransmitter systems interact in brain regions that are relevant for reward functions, but data in humans are very limited. The interaction is potentially ...
Binge eating disorder and morbid obesity are associated with lowered mu-opioid receptor availability in the brain
Both morbid obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) have previously been linked with aberrant brain opioid function. Behaviorally these two conditions are however different suggesting also differences in neurotransmitter ...