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Interindividual variability and lateralization of mu-opioid receptors in the human brain
Alterations in the brain's mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Central MOR availability also varies considerably in healthy individuals. Multiple epidemiological ...
Comparison of the prognostic value of early-phase proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging with serum neuron-specific enolase at 72 h in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-a substudy of the XeHypotheca trial
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We compared the predictive accuracy of early-phase brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) against the ...
Cerebral μ-opioid and CB1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior
<p>Eating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptors (CB<sub>1</sub>R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain’s opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB<sub>1</sub>R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [<sup>18</sup>F]FMPEP-d<sub>2</sub> scans of CB<sub>1</sub>Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating—individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment’s palatable food cues. CB<sub>1</sub>R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB<sub>1</sub>Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual’s excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.<br></p>...
Effect of Inhaled Xenon on Cardiac Function in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—A Substudy of the Xenon in Combination With Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Trial
<p>OBJECTIVES: This explorative substudy aimed at determining the effect of<br>inhaled xenon on left ventricular function by echocardiography in comatose survivors<br>of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.<br>DESIGN: A randomized ...