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Evolution of genetic networks for human creativity

Cloninger C Robert; Arnedo Javier; Cloninger Kevin M; Hintsanen Mirka; Del-Val Coral; Romero-Zaliz Rocio; Mesa Adam; de Erausquin Gabriel A; Raitakari Olli; Poblete Guillermo Facundo; Tattersall Ian; Lehtimäki Terho; Raitoharju Emma; Salas Ramiro; Zwir Igor; Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa

Evolution of genetic networks for human creativity

Cloninger C Robert
Arnedo Javier
Cloninger Kevin M
Hintsanen Mirka
Del-Val Coral
Romero-Zaliz Rocio
Mesa Adam
de Erausquin Gabriel A
Raitakari Olli
Poblete Guillermo Facundo
Tattersall Ian
Lehtimäki Terho
Raitoharju Emma
Salas Ramiro
Zwir Igor
Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa
Katso/Avaa
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SPRINGERNATURE
doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01097-y
URI
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-021-01097-y
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021093048399
Tiivistelmä
The genetic basis for the emergence of creativity in modern humans remains a mystery despite sequencing the genomes of chimpanzees and Neanderthals, our closest hominid relatives. Data-driven methods allowed us to uncover networks of genes distinguishing the three major systems of modern human personality and adaptability: emotional reactivity, self-control, and self-awareness. Now we have identified which of these genes are present in chimpanzees and Neanderthals. We replicated our findings in separate analyses of three high-coverage genomes of Neanderthals. We found that Neanderthals had nearly the same genes for emotional reactivity as chimpanzees, and they were intermediate between modern humans and chimpanzees in their numbers of genes for both self-control and self-awareness. 95% of the 267 genes we found only in modern humans were not protein-coding, including many long-non-coding RNAs in the self-awareness network. These genes may have arisen by positive selection for the characteristics of human well-being and behavioral modernity, including creativity, prosocial behavior, and healthy longevity. The genes that cluster in association with those found only in modern humans are over-expressed in brain regions involved in human self-awareness and creativity, including late-myelinating and phylogenetically recent regions of neocortex for autobiographical memory in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, as well as related components of cortico-thalamo-ponto-cerebellar-cortical and cortico-striato-cortical loops. We conclude that modern humans have more than 200 unique non-protein-coding genes regulating co-expression of many more protein-coding genes in coordinated networks that underlie their capacities for self-awareness, creativity, prosocial behavior, and healthy longevity, which are not found in chimpanzees or Neanderthals.
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