Relationship of suicide rates with climate and economic variables in Europe during 2000-2012
Petr Winkler; Peter Pregelj; Giulio Perugi; Prodromos Zanis; Isaia Chatzikosta; Monica Vichi; Lidija Injac Stevovic; Susan Soendergaard; Eva Palova; Georg Juckel; Per Bech; Ileana Botezat-Antonescu; Koen Demyttenaere; Raimo K. R. Salokangas; Vita Danileviciute; Maurizio Pompili; Goran Isacsson; Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis; Zoltan Rihmer; Elmars Rancans; Maria Luisa Figuera; Ole A. Andreassen; Peter Dome; Jean Michel Azorin; Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou; Miro Jakovljević; Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof; Alvydas Navickas; Cyril Höschl; Eliot Sorel; Anne Grady; Xenia Gonda; Wolfram Kawohl; Lucas Pezawas; Ingrid Dieset; John Waddington; Tiina From; Peeter Varnik; John Cookson; Jonas Forsman; Thomas Hyphantis; Konstantinos Pastiadis; Dusica Lecic-Tosevski; Marc Adida; Luchezar G. Hranov; Janusz Rybakowski; Helena Korosec Jagodic; Olivera Vukovic
Relationship of suicide rates with climate and economic variables in Europe during 2000-2012
Petr Winkler
Peter Pregelj
Giulio Perugi
Prodromos Zanis
Isaia Chatzikosta
Monica Vichi
Lidija Injac Stevovic
Susan Soendergaard
Eva Palova
Georg Juckel
Per Bech
Ileana Botezat-Antonescu
Koen Demyttenaere
Raimo K. R. Salokangas
Vita Danileviciute
Maurizio Pompili
Goran Isacsson
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
Zoltan Rihmer
Elmars Rancans
Maria Luisa Figuera
Ole A. Andreassen
Peter Dome
Jean Michel Azorin
Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou
Miro Jakovljević
Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof
Alvydas Navickas
Cyril Höschl
Eliot Sorel
Anne Grady
Xenia Gonda
Wolfram Kawohl
Lucas Pezawas
Ingrid Dieset
John Waddington
Tiina From
Peeter Varnik
John Cookson
Jonas Forsman
Thomas Hyphantis
Konstantinos Pastiadis
Dusica Lecic-Tosevski
Marc Adida
Luchezar G. Hranov
Janusz Rybakowski
Helena Korosec Jagodic
Olivera Vukovic
BioMed Central
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021042612672
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021042612672
Tiivistelmä
The derived models explained 62.4 % of the variability of male suicidal rates. Economic variables alone explained 26.9 % and climate variables 37.6 %. For females, the respective figures were 41.7, 11.5 and 28.1 %. Male suicides correlated with high unemployment rate in the frame of high growth rate and high inflation and low GDP per capita, while female suicides correlated negatively with inflation. Both male and female suicides correlated with low temperature.
Data from 29 European countries covering the years 2000-2012 and concerning male and female standardized suicidal rates (according to WHO), economic variables (according World Bank) and climate variables were gathered. The statistical analysis included cluster and principal component analysis and categorical regression.
It is well known that suicidal rates vary considerably among European countries and the reasons for this are unknown, although several theories have been proposed. The effect of economic variables has been extensively studied but not that of climate.
The current study reports that the climatic effect (cold climate) is stronger than the economic one, but both are present. It seems that in Europe suicidality follows the climate/temperature cline which interestingly is not from south to north but from south to north-east. This raises concerns that climate change could lead to an increase in suicide rates. The current study is essentially the first successful attempt to explain the differences across countries in Europe; however, it is an observational analysis based on aggregate data and thus there is a lack of control for confounders.
RESULTS
METHODS
BACKGROUND
DISCUSSION
Data from 29 European countries covering the years 2000-2012 and concerning male and female standardized suicidal rates (according to WHO), economic variables (according World Bank) and climate variables were gathered. The statistical analysis included cluster and principal component analysis and categorical regression.
It is well known that suicidal rates vary considerably among European countries and the reasons for this are unknown, although several theories have been proposed. The effect of economic variables has been extensively studied but not that of climate.
The current study reports that the climatic effect (cold climate) is stronger than the economic one, but both are present. It seems that in Europe suicidality follows the climate/temperature cline which interestingly is not from south to north but from south to north-east. This raises concerns that climate change could lead to an increase in suicide rates. The current study is essentially the first successful attempt to explain the differences across countries in Europe; however, it is an observational analysis based on aggregate data and thus there is a lack of control for confounders.
RESULTS
METHODS
BACKGROUND
DISCUSSION
Kokoelmat
- Rinnakkaistallenteet [19206]