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Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes

Hagan Richard; Berezina Natalia; Onkamo Päivi; Nordqvist Kerkko; Haak Wolfgang; Hermes Taylor; Sharapova Svetlana V.; Warinner Christina; Hammer Emily; Buzhilova Alexandra; Belinskiy Andrey; Kaverzneva Elena; Iskandarov Emil; Jalilov Bakhtiyar; Gasimov Parviz; Kalmykov Alexey A.; Eminli Jeyhun; Stolarczyk Eliza; Nugent Selin E.; Khokhlov Aleksandr A.; Korolev Arkadiy I.; Kantorovich Anatoliy R.; Krause Rüdiger; Majander Kerttu; Guliyev Farhad; Karapetian Marina; Maslov Vladimir E.; Reinhold Sabine; Shishlina Natalia; Krause Johannes; Smolyaninov Roman V.; Scott Ashley; Hansen Svend; Lyonnet Bertille

Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes

Hagan Richard
Berezina Natalia
Onkamo Päivi
Nordqvist Kerkko
Haak Wolfgang
Hermes Taylor
Sharapova Svetlana V.
Warinner Christina
Hammer Emily
Buzhilova Alexandra
Belinskiy Andrey
Kaverzneva Elena
Iskandarov Emil
Jalilov Bakhtiyar
Gasimov Parviz
Kalmykov Alexey A.
Eminli Jeyhun
Stolarczyk Eliza
Nugent Selin E.
Khokhlov Aleksandr A.
Korolev Arkadiy I.
Kantorovich Anatoliy R.
Krause Rüdiger
Majander Kerttu
Guliyev Farhad
Karapetian Marina
Maslov Vladimir E.
Reinhold Sabine
Shishlina Natalia
Krause Johannes
Smolyaninov Roman V.
Scott Ashley
Hansen Svend
Lyonnet Bertille
Katso/Avaa
Onkamo2022_Article_EmergenceAndIntensificationOfDairying.pdf (6.869Mb)
Lataukset: 

NATURE PORTFOLIO
doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01701-6
URI
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01701-6
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022081154451
Tiivistelmä

Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic-Caspian steppe zone between the Caucasus and the Black Sea as the crucible from which the earliest steppe pastoralist societies arose and spread, ultimately influencing populations from Europe to Inner Asia. However, little is known about their economic foundations and the factors that may have contributed to their extensive mobility. Here, we investigate dietary proteins within the dental calculus proteomes of 45 individuals spanning the Neolithic to Greco-Roman periods in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe and neighbouring South Caucasus, Oka-Volga-Don and East Urals regions. We find that sheep dairying accompanies the earliest forms of Eneolithic pastoralism in the North Caucasus. During the fourth millennium Bc, Maykop and early Yamnaya populations also focused dairying exclusively on sheep while reserving cattle for traction and other purposes. We observe a breakdown in livestock specialization and an economic diversification of dairy herds coinciding with aridification during the subsequent late Yamnaya and North Caucasus Culture phases, followed by severe climate deterioration during the Catacomb and Lola periods. The need for additional pastures to support these herds may have driven the heightened mobility of the Middle and Late Bronze Age periods. Following a hiatus of more than 500 years, the North Caucasian steppe was repopulated by Early Iron Age societies with a broad mobile dairy economy, including a new focus on horse milking.

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  • Rinnakkaistallenteet [19207]

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