Effects of hatchery rearing and sea ranching of parents on the life history traits of released salmon offspring

Abstract

Life-history traits such as growth, survival, sea migration and age at sexual maturity in the sea were compared between Carlin-tagged hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar) originating from hatchery broodstocks (reared) or naturally ascending spawners captured (sea ranched). The ranched parents included both wild (born in nature) and reared individuals (released as parr or smolts). All smolts were reared in similar hatchery conditions, and they were tagged and released as two-year-olds in the Simojoki River in 1986-2007. The recapture rates did not differ between the progeny groups, although the tagged smolts of the reared parents were larger than those of ranched parents at time of release. The captive salmon with ranched parents were at average heavier during their second winter at sea, but not later. Salmon with ranched parents more frequently migrated to feed in the Main Basin of the Baltic Sea, further from the home river of the salmon stock. The proportions of multi-sea-winter returners were 30% and 69% in salmon with reared and ranched parents, respectively. The different patterns of migration and sea age at maturity of these parental progeny groups suggest that differences in the life history of brood fish may cause distinct, possibly even genetic differences in the progenies. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.