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Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April*

Green D; Readhead ACS; Ansoldi S; Vitale V; Bernardini E; Berdyugin A; Troitsky IS; Marscher AP; Hoang J; Donini A; Mariotti M; Foffano L; D'Ammando F; Prandini E; Moody JW; Nigro C; Mallamaci M; Persic M; Inoue S; Fruck C; Prester DD; Dazzi F; Fukami S; Fraga BMD; Jordan B; Sitarek J; Kushida J; Richards JL; D'Elia V; Latev G; Kurtanidze OM; Delfino M; Lin HC; Paoletti R; Agudo I; Max-Moerbeck W; Ventura S; Engels AA; Busetto G; Miceli D; Larionov VM; Blanch O; Mokrushina AA; Teshima M; Chigladze R; Banerjee B; Antonelli LA; Barrio JA; Hrupec D; Fonseca MV; Suric T; Bellizzi LK; Lamastra A; Ramazani VF; Morcuende D; Suda Y; Chai Y; Lindfors E; Neustroev V; Nikolashvili MG; Fattorini A; Font L; Mirzoyan R; Manganaro M; Noda K; Di Pierro F; Moreno V; Maneva G; De Angelis A; Will M; Micanovic S; Maggio C; Mori K; Gasparyan S; Hovatta T; Contreras JL; Paredes JM; Schmidt K; Temnikov P; Giglietto N; Colak SM; Leone F; Reinthal R; Godinovic N; Puccetti S; Zaric D; Leto C; Espineira ED; Jorstad SG; Balokovi M; Dorner D; Schweizer T; Strom D; Kubo H; Molina E; Bednarek W; Barnes J; Cerruti M; Joshi M; Guver T; Verrecchia F; Sadun AC; Paneque D; Saha L; Iwamura Y; Perri M; Colin U; Raiteri CM; Tavecchio F; Doro M; Carosi R; Nozaki S; Eswaraiah C; Lelas D; Kobayashi Y; Stamerra A; Damljanovic G; Chilingarian A; Spolon A; Bonnoli G; Acosta MV; van Scherpenberg J; Takahashi M; Acciari VA; Cikota S; Babic A; Longo F; Vovk I; Otero-Santos J; De Lotto B; Rico J; Del Puppo F; Morozova DA; Lopez M; Semkov E; Kopatskaya EN; Troitskaya YV; Ninci D; Strigachev A; Bosnjak Z; Majumdar P; Colombo E; Martinez M; Smith PS; Vanzo G; Mazin D; Makariev M; Righi C; Giordano F; Puljak I; Chen WP; Bachev R; Rhode W; Herrera J; Miranda JM; Lahteenmaki A; Verguilov V; Hadasch D; Peresano M; Blinov DA; Ibryamov S; Lopez-Coto R; Maraschi L; Grishina TS; Finke J; Jouvin L; Delgado J; Di Venere L; Larionova LV; Inada T; Kajiwara Y; Ferrara G; Nogues L; Sobczynska D; Ishio K; Palatiello M; Oka T; Miener T; Mender S; Loporchio S; Ohtani Y; Penil P; Garczarczyk M; Vigorito CF; Villata M; Satalecka K; Biland A; Rugliancich A; Nilsson K; Torres-Alba N; Minev M; Tornikoski M; Bigongiari C; Hassan T; Lombardi S; Depaoli D; Schleicher B; Saito T; Gliwny P; Munar-Adrover P; Gaug M; Ramakrishnan V; Petropoulou M; Ribo M; Moretti E; Da Vela P; Sakurai S; Vince O; Besenrieder J; Strzys M; Baack D; Tammi J; Lopez-Oramas A; Sahakyan N; Cortina J; Hahn A; Moroni PGP; Bhattacharyya W; Moralejo A; Madejskic G; Chanishvili R; Ceribella G; Elsaesser D; Mannheim K; Pavletic L; Hutten M; Snidaric I; Larionova EG; Terzic T; Berti A; Tosti L; de Almeida UB; Kurtanidze SO; Gonzalez JB; Lopez RJG; Nishijima K; Covino S; Kerszberg D

dc.contributor.authorGreen D
dc.contributor.authorReadhead ACS
dc.contributor.authorAnsoldi S
dc.contributor.authorVitale V
dc.contributor.authorBernardini E
dc.contributor.authorBerdyugin A
dc.contributor.authorTroitsky IS
dc.contributor.authorMarscher AP
dc.contributor.authorHoang J
dc.contributor.authorDonini A
dc.contributor.authorMariotti M
dc.contributor.authorFoffano L
dc.contributor.authorD'Ammando F
dc.contributor.authorPrandini E
dc.contributor.authorMoody JW
dc.contributor.authorNigro C
dc.contributor.authorMallamaci M
dc.contributor.authorPersic M
dc.contributor.authorInoue S
dc.contributor.authorFruck C
dc.contributor.authorPrester DD
dc.contributor.authorDazzi F
dc.contributor.authorFukami S
dc.contributor.authorFraga BMD
dc.contributor.authorJordan B
dc.contributor.authorSitarek J
dc.contributor.authorKushida J
dc.contributor.authorRichards JL
dc.contributor.authorD'Elia V
dc.contributor.authorLatev G
dc.contributor.authorKurtanidze OM
dc.contributor.authorDelfino M
dc.contributor.authorLin HC
dc.contributor.authorPaoletti R
dc.contributor.authorAgudo I
dc.contributor.authorMax-Moerbeck W
dc.contributor.authorVentura S
dc.contributor.authorEngels AA
dc.contributor.authorBusetto G
dc.contributor.authorMiceli D
dc.contributor.authorLarionov VM
dc.contributor.authorBlanch O
dc.contributor.authorMokrushina AA
dc.contributor.authorTeshima M
dc.contributor.authorChigladze R
dc.contributor.authorBanerjee B
dc.contributor.authorAntonelli LA
dc.contributor.authorBarrio JA
dc.contributor.authorHrupec D
dc.contributor.authorFonseca MV
dc.contributor.authorSuric T
dc.contributor.authorBellizzi LK
dc.contributor.authorLamastra A
dc.contributor.authorRamazani VF
dc.contributor.authorMorcuende D
dc.contributor.authorSuda Y
dc.contributor.authorChai Y
dc.contributor.authorLindfors E
dc.contributor.authorNeustroev V
dc.contributor.authorNikolashvili MG
dc.contributor.authorFattorini A
dc.contributor.authorFont L
dc.contributor.authorMirzoyan R
dc.contributor.authorManganaro M
dc.contributor.authorNoda K
dc.contributor.authorDi Pierro F
dc.contributor.authorMoreno V
dc.contributor.authorManeva G
dc.contributor.authorDe Angelis A
dc.contributor.authorWill M
dc.contributor.authorMicanovic S
dc.contributor.authorMaggio C
dc.contributor.authorMori K
dc.contributor.authorGasparyan S
dc.contributor.authorHovatta T
dc.contributor.authorContreras JL
dc.contributor.authorParedes JM
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt K
dc.contributor.authorTemnikov P
dc.contributor.authorGiglietto N
dc.contributor.authorColak SM
dc.contributor.authorLeone F
dc.contributor.authorReinthal R
dc.contributor.authorGodinovic N
dc.contributor.authorPuccetti S
dc.contributor.authorZaric D
dc.contributor.authorLeto C
dc.contributor.authorEspineira ED
dc.contributor.authorJorstad SG
dc.contributor.authorBalokovi M
dc.contributor.authorDorner D
dc.contributor.authorSchweizer T
dc.contributor.authorStrom D
dc.contributor.authorKubo H
dc.contributor.authorMolina E
dc.contributor.authorBednarek W
dc.contributor.authorBarnes J
dc.contributor.authorCerruti M
dc.contributor.authorJoshi M
dc.contributor.authorGuver T
dc.contributor.authorVerrecchia F
dc.contributor.authorSadun AC
dc.contributor.authorPaneque D
dc.contributor.authorSaha L
dc.contributor.authorIwamura Y
dc.contributor.authorPerri M
dc.contributor.authorColin U
dc.contributor.authorRaiteri CM
dc.contributor.authorTavecchio F
dc.contributor.authorDoro M
dc.contributor.authorCarosi R
dc.contributor.authorNozaki S
dc.contributor.authorEswaraiah C
dc.contributor.authorLelas D
dc.contributor.authorKobayashi Y
dc.contributor.authorStamerra A
dc.contributor.authorDamljanovic G
dc.contributor.authorChilingarian A
dc.contributor.authorSpolon A
dc.contributor.authorBonnoli G
dc.contributor.authorAcosta MV
dc.contributor.authorvan Scherpenberg J
dc.contributor.authorTakahashi M
dc.contributor.authorAcciari VA
dc.contributor.authorCikota S
dc.contributor.authorBabic A
dc.contributor.authorLongo F
dc.contributor.authorVovk I
dc.contributor.authorOtero-Santos J
dc.contributor.authorDe Lotto B
dc.contributor.authorRico J
dc.contributor.authorDel Puppo F
dc.contributor.authorMorozova DA
dc.contributor.authorLopez M
dc.contributor.authorSemkov E
dc.contributor.authorKopatskaya EN
dc.contributor.authorTroitskaya YV
dc.contributor.authorNinci D
dc.contributor.authorStrigachev A
dc.contributor.authorBosnjak Z
dc.contributor.authorMajumdar P
dc.contributor.authorColombo E
dc.contributor.authorMartinez M
dc.contributor.authorSmith PS
dc.contributor.authorVanzo G
dc.contributor.authorMazin D
dc.contributor.authorMakariev M
dc.contributor.authorRighi C
dc.contributor.authorGiordano F
dc.contributor.authorPuljak I
dc.contributor.authorChen WP
dc.contributor.authorBachev R
dc.contributor.authorRhode W
dc.contributor.authorHerrera J
dc.contributor.authorMiranda JM
dc.contributor.authorLahteenmaki A
dc.contributor.authorVerguilov V
dc.contributor.authorHadasch D
dc.contributor.authorPeresano M
dc.contributor.authorBlinov DA
dc.contributor.authorIbryamov S
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Coto R
dc.contributor.authorMaraschi L
dc.contributor.authorGrishina TS
dc.contributor.authorFinke J
dc.contributor.authorJouvin L
dc.contributor.authorDelgado J
dc.contributor.authorDi Venere L
dc.contributor.authorLarionova LV
dc.contributor.authorInada T
dc.contributor.authorKajiwara Y
dc.contributor.authorFerrara G
dc.contributor.authorNogues L
dc.contributor.authorSobczynska D
dc.contributor.authorIshio K
dc.contributor.authorPalatiello M
dc.contributor.authorOka T
dc.contributor.authorMiener T
dc.contributor.authorMender S
dc.contributor.authorLoporchio S
dc.contributor.authorOhtani Y
dc.contributor.authorPenil P
dc.contributor.authorGarczarczyk M
dc.contributor.authorVigorito CF
dc.contributor.authorVillata M
dc.contributor.authorSatalecka K
dc.contributor.authorBiland A
dc.contributor.authorRugliancich A
dc.contributor.authorNilsson K
dc.contributor.authorTorres-Alba N
dc.contributor.authorMinev M
dc.contributor.authorTornikoski M
dc.contributor.authorBigongiari C
dc.contributor.authorHassan T
dc.contributor.authorLombardi S
dc.contributor.authorDepaoli D
dc.contributor.authorSchleicher B
dc.contributor.authorSaito T
dc.contributor.authorGliwny P
dc.contributor.authorMunar-Adrover P
dc.contributor.authorGaug M
dc.contributor.authorRamakrishnan V
dc.contributor.authorPetropoulou M
dc.contributor.authorRibo M
dc.contributor.authorMoretti E
dc.contributor.authorDa Vela P
dc.contributor.authorSakurai S
dc.contributor.authorVince O
dc.contributor.authorBesenrieder J
dc.contributor.authorStrzys M
dc.contributor.authorBaack D
dc.contributor.authorTammi J
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Oramas A
dc.contributor.authorSahakyan N
dc.contributor.authorCortina J
dc.contributor.authorHahn A
dc.contributor.authorMoroni PGP
dc.contributor.authorBhattacharyya W
dc.contributor.authorMoralejo A
dc.contributor.authorMadejskic G
dc.contributor.authorChanishvili R
dc.contributor.authorCeribella G
dc.contributor.authorElsaesser D
dc.contributor.authorMannheim K
dc.contributor.authorPavletic L
dc.contributor.authorHutten M
dc.contributor.authorSnidaric I
dc.contributor.authorLarionova EG
dc.contributor.authorTerzic T
dc.contributor.authorBerti A
dc.contributor.authorTosti L
dc.contributor.authorde Almeida UB
dc.contributor.authorKurtanidze SO
dc.contributor.authorGonzalez JB
dc.contributor.authorLopez RJG
dc.contributor.authorNishijima K
dc.contributor.authorCovino S
dc.contributor.authorKerszberg D
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-28T13:23:03Z
dc.date.available2022-10-28T13:23:03Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/164791
dc.description.abstractWe report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3-7 keV, 7-30 keV, and 30-80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2-0.4 TeV, 0.4-0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux-flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOP PUBLISHING LTD
dc.titleUnraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April*
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe2021042612725
dc.relation.volume248
dc.contributor.organizationfi=Suomen ESO-keskus, yhteiset|en=Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO - FINCA|
dc.contributor.organizationfi=Tuorlan observatorio|en=Tuorla Observatory|
dc.contributor.organization-code2609700
dc.contributor.organization-code2606705
dc.converis.publication-id49461006
dc.converis.urlhttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/Publication/49461006
dc.identifier.eissn1538-4365
dc.identifier.jour-issn0067-0049
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorHovatta, Talvikki
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorLindfors, Elina
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorNilsson, Kari
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorBerdyugin, Andrei
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorFallah Ramazani, Vandad
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorReinthal, Riho
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorNeustroev, Vitaly
dc.okm.discipline115 Avaruustieteet ja tähtitiedefi_FI
dc.okm.discipline115 Astronomy and space scienceen_GB
dc.okm.internationalcopublicationinternational co-publication
dc.okm.internationalityInternational publication
dc.okm.typeJournal article
dc.publisher.countryYhdysvallat (USA)fi_FI
dc.publisher.countryUnited Statesen_GB
dc.publisher.country-codeUS
dc.relation.articlenumberARTN 29
dc.relation.doi10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5
dc.relation.ispartofjournalAstrophysical Journal Supplement
dc.relation.issue2
dc.year.issued2020


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