Variations in incidence of venous thromboembolism in low-, middle-, and high-income countries
Rangarajan Sumathy; Eikelboom John W; Bosch Jackie; Zhu Jun; Yusuf Salim; the Venous Thromboembolism Collaboration; Lee Shun Fu; Siegal Deborah M
Variations in incidence of venous thromboembolism in low-, middle-, and high-income countries
Rangarajan Sumathy
Eikelboom John W
Bosch Jackie
Zhu Jun
Yusuf Salim; the Venous Thromboembolism Collaboration
Lee Shun Fu
Siegal Deborah M
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021042825760
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021042825760
Tiivistelmä
Aims
To examine the rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-income, upper middle-income, and lower middle/low-income countries (World Bank Classification).Methods and Results
We examined the rates of VTE in high-income, upper middle-income, and lower middle/low-income countries (World Bank Classification) in a cohort derived from four prospective international studies (PURE, HOPE-3, ORIGIN, and COMPASS). The primary outcome was a composite of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis. We calculated age- and sex-standardized incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) and used a Cox frailty model adjusted for covariates to examine associations between the incidence of VTE and country income level. A total of 215 307 individuals (1.5 million person-years of follow-up) from high-income (n = 60 403), upper middle-income (n = 42 066), and lower middle/low-income (n = 112 838) countries were included. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of VTE per 1000 person-years in high-, upper middle-, and lower middle/low-income countries were 0.87, 0.25, and 0.06, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, education level, ethnicity, and incident cancer diagnosis or hospitalization, individuals from high-income and upper middle-income countries had a significantly higher risk of VTE than those from lower middle/low-income countries [hazard ratio (HR) 3.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40-5.30 and HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.59-3.23, respectively]. The effect of country income level on VTE risk was markedly stronger in people with a lower BMI, hypertension, diabetes, non-White ethnicity, and higher education.
Conclusion
The rates of VTE are substantially higher in high-income than in low-income countries. The factors underlying the increased VTE risk in higher-income countries remain unknown.
Kokoelmat
- Rinnakkaistallenteet [19206]