Case Processing in the Development of Expertise in Life Sciences-What Can Eye Movements Reveal?
Södervik Ilona; Vilppu Henna
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021093049043
Tiivistelmä
Future experts of life sciences need adaptive and flexible reasoning
skills in solving remarkably complex, multidisciplinary and unexpected
problems, such as pandemics of severe infections, antibiotic resistance,
climate change and biodiversity loss, that will require innovative ways
of reasoning, and the ability to use knowledge and skills adaptively in
unforeseen and adverse contexts. This requires the promotion of the
so-called adaptive expertise, which is considered a separate dimension
in the development of expertise that needs to be intentionally supported
during higher education. Case tasks can be beneficial in this pursuit,
since effective case processing and knowledge restructuring are
considered to be the key concepts in expertise development. In this
chapter, we synthesize the results from two of our studies, employing an
eye-tracking method in which routine and non-routine text-based case
tasks were used to investigate processing and problem-solving among
medical actors with different levels of expertise. Our results show that
the processing patterns of students and more experienced actors
differed while reading case description texts. Generally, experienced
actors and those students who were more successful in the case task
processed the texts more quickly. Furthermore, the level and quality of
basic biological knowledge seemed to be related to the success of
students in problem-solving case tasks. Additionally, script activation
seemed to be detectable from participants’ eye movements. These results
shed light on knowledge integration and problem-solving through case
processing, and show that eye tracking provides interesting insights
into these areas. The results should advance the instruction of life
sciences in higher education, where it is imperative to train future
experts to be able to work efficiently both in predictable and
especially in unpredictable circumstances.
Kokoelmat
- Rinnakkaistallenteet [19207]