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Three genetic-environmental networks for human personality

Raitakari Olli; Romero-Zaliz Rocio; Rujescu Dan; Martinez Maribel; Postolache Teodor T.; Lester Nigel; Hintsanen Mirka; de Erausquin Gabriel A.; Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka; Cloninger C. Robert; Svrakic Dragan M.; Sung Joohon; Mesa Alberto; Lehtimäki Terho; Konte Bettina; Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa; Giegling Ina; Arnedo Javier; C. Charles Gu; Pulkki-Råback Laura; Mamah Daniel; Rozsa Sandor; Cloninger Kevin M.; Kähönen Mika; Del-Val Coral; Seppälä Ilkka; Raitoharju Emma; Yang Sarah S.; Garcia Danilo; Zwir Igor

Three genetic-environmental networks for human personality

Raitakari Olli
Romero-Zaliz Rocio
Rujescu Dan
Martinez Maribel
Postolache Teodor T.
Lester Nigel
Hintsanen Mirka
de Erausquin Gabriel A.
Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka
Cloninger C. Robert
Svrakic Dragan M.
Sung Joohon
Mesa Alberto
Lehtimäki Terho
Konte Bettina
Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa
Giegling Ina
Arnedo Javier
C. Charles Gu
Pulkki-Råback Laura
Mamah Daniel
Rozsa Sandor
Cloninger Kevin M.
Kähönen Mika
Del-Val Coral
Seppälä Ilkka
Raitoharju Emma
Yang Sarah S.
Garcia Danilo
Zwir Igor
Katso/Avaa
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Springer Nature
doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0579-x
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021042827309
Tiivistelmä
Phylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
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