Feasibility study of an electrical energy storage in a marine vessel
Pitkänen, Samuli (2022-11-21)
Feasibility study of an electrical energy storage in a marine vessel
(21.11.2022)
Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.
avoin
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022112967661
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022112967661
Tiivistelmä
In this Master’s thesis, energy storage solutions were designed for two vessels with long route of operation. The aim was to achieve fuel savings and reduce emissions. The fuel savings resulted from three sources. Firstly, the capacity effect of the battery enables shore power to be utilized at sea. The second factor is peak shaving, where engine runtime and load are optimized in order to have lower specific fuel consumption. The third effect comes from shutting down the engines and providing the hotel load with shore connection when the ship is berthed at port.
In the theoretical part of the thesis, energy storage solutions were presented and a battery was selected as the energy storage for the inspection. Furthermore, varying battery capacities were introduced, and battery usage was briefly reviewed from the point of view of safety, legislation and installation structure. In the case study, two battery types, NMC/LFP and LTO, were selected for closer inspection regarding their application in the vessels from economic and fuel saving perspectives. Two alternative battery capacities were considered. The capacity options were intended for similar kind of use but with differences in engine profile and resulting battery demand. Battery use between different capacities was optimized so that the cycle count would result in 10 year cycle-life for NMC/LFP and 20 year cycle-life for LTO battery.
The results showed that among the options, the smaller capacity NMC/LFP battery was the most economically feasible while still achieving good emission savings. Higher capacity battery would be better for drivability and engines as well as for fuel savings, but at the expense of economic feasibility. Sensitivity analysis showed that for the first vessel, the chosen battery solution would likely be feasible with the fuel price of 1000 €/t when the electricity price is below 15 c/kWh. For the second vessel, the economic feasibility would be more challenging to achieve. With fuel price of 1000 €/t, the electricity price would need to be below 7 c/kWh. Increase in fuel price would improve the economic feasibility, whereas the increase in electricity price and investment cost would impair it.
In the theoretical part of the thesis, energy storage solutions were presented and a battery was selected as the energy storage for the inspection. Furthermore, varying battery capacities were introduced, and battery usage was briefly reviewed from the point of view of safety, legislation and installation structure. In the case study, two battery types, NMC/LFP and LTO, were selected for closer inspection regarding their application in the vessels from economic and fuel saving perspectives. Two alternative battery capacities were considered. The capacity options were intended for similar kind of use but with differences in engine profile and resulting battery demand. Battery use between different capacities was optimized so that the cycle count would result in 10 year cycle-life for NMC/LFP and 20 year cycle-life for LTO battery.
The results showed that among the options, the smaller capacity NMC/LFP battery was the most economically feasible while still achieving good emission savings. Higher capacity battery would be better for drivability and engines as well as for fuel savings, but at the expense of economic feasibility. Sensitivity analysis showed that for the first vessel, the chosen battery solution would likely be feasible with the fuel price of 1000 €/t when the electricity price is below 15 c/kWh. For the second vessel, the economic feasibility would be more challenging to achieve. With fuel price of 1000 €/t, the electricity price would need to be below 7 c/kWh. Increase in fuel price would improve the economic feasibility, whereas the increase in electricity price and investment cost would impair it.