Insight into Classification and Risk Stratification of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Era of Emerging Biomarkers with Focus on Histopathologic Parameters

Abstract

<p>Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is the cornerstone for treatment planning<br>of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Many prognostic biomarkers have been<br>introduced as modifiers to further improve the TNM classification of HNSCC. Here, we provide an<br>overview on the use of the recent prognostic biomarkers, with a focus on histopathologic parameters,<br>in improving the risk stratification of HNSCC and their application in the next generation of HNSCC<br>staging systems.<br></p>