Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016

Acciari VA; Ansoldi S; Antonelli LA; Asano K; Babic A; Banerjee B; Baquero A; de Almeida UB; Barrio JA; Gonzalez JB; Bednarek W; Bellizzi L; Bernardini E; Bernardos M; Berti A; Besenrieder J; Bhattacharyya W; Bigongiari C; Blanch O; Bonnoli G; Bosnjak Z; Busetto G; Carosi R; Ceribella G; Cerruti M; Chai Y; Chilingarian A; Cikota S; Colak SM; Colombo E; Contreras JL; Cortina J; Covino S; D'Amico G; D'Elia V; Da Vela P; Dazzi F; De Angelis A; De Lotto B; Delfino M; Delgado J; Mendez CD; Depaoli D; Di Girolamo T; Di Pierro F; Di Venere L; Neira EDE; Prester DD; Donini A; Doro M; Ramazani VF; Fattorini A; Ferrara G; Foffano L; Fonseca MV; Font L; Fruck C; Fukami S; Lopez RJG; Garczarczyk M; Gasparyan S; Gaug M; Giglietto N; Giordano F; Gliwny P; Green JG; Green D; Hadasch D; Hahn A; Heckmann L; Herrera J; Hoang J; Hrupec D; Hutten M; Inada T; Inoue S; Ishio K; Iwamura Y; Jormanainen J; Jouvin L; Kajiwara Y; Karjalainen M; Kerszberg D; Kobayashi Y; Kubo H; Kushida J; Lamastra A; Lelas D; Leone F; Lindfors E; Lombardi S; Longo F; Lopez M; Lopez-Coto R; Lopez-Oramas A; Loporchio S; Fraga BMD; Maggio C; Majumdar P; Makariev M; Mallamaci M; Maneva G; Manganaro M; Maraschi L; Mariotti M; Martinez M; Mazin D; Mender S; Micanovic S; Miceli D; Miener T; Minev M; Miranda JM; Mirzoyan R; Molina E; Moralejo A; Morcuende D; Moreno V; Moretti E; Munar-Adrover P; Neustroev V; Nigro C; Nilsson K; Ninci D; Nishijima K; Noda K; Nozaki S; Ohtani Y; Oka T; Otero-Santos J; Palatiello M; Paneque D; Paoletti R; Paredes JM; Pavletic L; Penil P; Perennes C; Persic M; Moroni PGP; Prandini E; Priyadarshi C; Puljak I; Rhode W; Ribo M; Rico J; Righi C; Rugliancich A; Saha L; Sahakyan N; Saito T; Sakurai S; Satalecka K; Schleicher B; Schmidt K; Schweizer T; Sitarek J; Snidaric I; Sobczynska D; Spolon A; Stamerra A; Strom D; Strzys M; Suda Y; Suric T; Takahashi M; Tavecchio F; Temnikov P; Terzic T; Teshima M; Torres-Alba N; Tosti L; Truzzi S; van Scherpenberg J; Vanzo G; Acosta MV; Ventura S; Verguilov V; Vigorito CF; Vitale V; Vovk I; Will M; Zaric D; Arbet-Engels A; Baack D; Balbo M; Beck M; Biederbeck N; Biland A; Bretz T; Bruegge K; Buss J; Dorner D; Elsaesser D; Hildebrand D; Iotov R; Klinger M; Mannheim K; Neise D; Neronov A; Noethe M; Paravac A; Rhode W; Sliusar V; Theissen F; Walter R; Valverde J; Horan D; Giroletti M; Perri M; Verrecchia F; Leto C; Sadun AC; Moody JW; Joner M; Marscher AP; Jorstad SG; Lahteenmaki A; Tornikoski M; Ramakrishnan V; Jarvela E; Vera RJC; Righini S; Lien AY

Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016

Acciari VA; Ansoldi S; Antonelli LA; Asano K; Babic A; Banerjee B; Baquero A; de Almeida UB; Barrio JA; Gonzalez JB; Bednarek W; Bellizzi L; Bernardini E; Bernardos M; Berti A; Besenrieder J; Bhattacharyya W; Bigongiari C; Blanch O; Bonnoli G; Bosnjak Z; Busetto G; Carosi R; Ceribella G; Cerruti M; Chai Y; Chilingarian A; Cikota S; Colak SM; Colombo E; Contreras JL; Cortina J; Covino S; D'Amico G; D'Elia V; Da Vela P; Dazzi F; De Angelis A; De Lotto B; Delfino M; Delgado J; Mendez CD; Depaoli D; Di Girolamo T; Di Pierro F; Di Venere L; Neira EDE; Prester DD; Donini A; Doro M; Ramazani VF; Fattorini A; Ferrara G; Foffano L; Fonseca MV; Font L; Fruck C; Fukami S; Lopez RJG; Garczarczyk M; Gasparyan S; Gaug M; Giglietto N; Giordano F; Gliwny P; Green JG; Green D; Hadasch D; Hahn A; Heckmann L; Herrera J; Hoang J; Hrupec D; Hutten M; Inada T; Inoue S; Ishio K; Iwamura Y; Jormanainen J; Jouvin L; Kajiwara Y; Karjalainen M; Kerszberg D; Kobayashi Y; Kubo H; Kushida J; Lamastra A; Lelas D; Leone F; Lindfors E; Lombardi S; Longo F; Lopez M; Lopez-Coto R; Lopez-Oramas A; Loporchio S; Fraga BMD; Maggio C; Majumdar P; Makariev M; Mallamaci M; Maneva G; Manganaro M; Maraschi L; Mariotti M; Martinez M; Mazin D; Mender S; Micanovic S; Miceli D; Miener T; Minev M; Miranda JM; Mirzoyan R; Molina E; Moralejo A; Morcuende D; Moreno V; Moretti E; Munar-Adrover P; Neustroev V; Nigro C; Nilsson K; Ninci D; Nishijima K; Noda K; Nozaki S; Ohtani Y; Oka T; Otero-Santos J; Palatiello M; Paneque D; Paoletti R; Paredes JM; Pavletic L; Penil P; Perennes C; Persic M; Moroni PGP; Prandini E; Priyadarshi C; Puljak I; Rhode W; Ribo M; Rico J; Righi C; Rugliancich A; Saha L; Sahakyan N; Saito T; Sakurai S; Satalecka K; Schleicher B; Schmidt K; Schweizer T; Sitarek J; Snidaric I; Sobczynska D; Spolon A; Stamerra A; Strom D; Strzys M; Suda Y; Suric T; Takahashi M; Tavecchio F; Temnikov P; Terzic T; Teshima M; Torres-Alba N; Tosti L; Truzzi S; van Scherpenberg J; Vanzo G; Acosta MV; Ventura S; Verguilov V; Vigorito CF; Vitale V; Vovk I; Will M; Zaric D; Arbet-Engels A; Baack D; Balbo M; Beck M; Biederbeck N; Biland A; Bretz T; Bruegge K; Buss J; Dorner D; Elsaesser D; Hildebrand D; Iotov R; Klinger M; Mannheim K; Neise D; Neronov A; Noethe M; Paravac A; Rhode W; Sliusar V; Theissen F; Walter R; Valverde J; Horan D; Giroletti M; Perri M; Verrecchia F; Leto C; Sadun AC; Moody JW; Joner M; Marscher AP; Jorstad SG; Lahteenmaki A; Tornikoski M; Ramakrishnan V; Jarvela E; Vera RJC; Righini S; Lien AY

Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016

Acciari VA

Ansoldi S

Antonelli LA

Asano K

Babic A

Banerjee B

Baquero A

de Almeida UB

Barrio JA

Gonzalez JB

Bednarek W

Bellizzi L

Bernardini E

Bernardos M

Berti A

Besenrieder J

Bhattacharyya W

Bigongiari C

Blanch O

Bonnoli G

Bosnjak Z

Busetto G

Carosi R

Ceribella G

Cerruti M

Chai Y

Chilingarian A

Cikota S

Colak SM

Colombo E

Contreras JL

Cortina J

Covino S

D'Amico G

D'Elia V

Da Vela P

Dazzi F

De Angelis A

De Lotto B

Delfino M

Delgado J

Mendez CD

Depaoli D

Di Girolamo T

Di Pierro F

Di Venere L

Neira EDE

Prester DD

Donini A

Doro M

Ramazani VF

Fattorini A

Ferrara G

Foffano L

Fonseca MV

Font L

Fruck C

Fukami S

Lopez RJG

Garczarczyk M

Gasparyan S

Gaug M

Giglietto N

Giordano F

Gliwny P

Green JG

Green D

Hadasch D

Hahn A

Heckmann L

Herrera J

Hoang J

Hrupec D

Hutten M

Inada T

Inoue S

Ishio K

Iwamura Y

Jormanainen J

Jouvin L

Kajiwara Y

Karjalainen M

Kerszberg D

Kobayashi Y

Kubo H

Kushida J

Lamastra A

Lelas D

Leone F

Lindfors E

Lombardi S

Longo F

Lopez M

Lopez-Coto R

Lopez-Oramas A

Loporchio S

Fraga BMD

Maggio C

Majumdar P

Makariev M

Mallamaci M

Maneva G

Manganaro M

Maraschi L

Mariotti M

Martinez M

Mazin D

Mender S

Micanovic S

Miceli D

Miener T

Minev M

Miranda JM

Mirzoyan R

Molina E

Moralejo A

Morcuende D

Moreno V

Moretti E

Munar-Adrover P

Neustroev V

Nigro C

Nilsson K

Ninci D

Nishijima K

Noda K

Nozaki S

Ohtani Y

Oka T

Otero-Santos J

Palatiello M

Paneque D

Paoletti R

Paredes JM

Pavletic L

Penil P

Perennes C

Persic M

Moroni PGP

Prandini E

Priyadarshi C

Puljak I

Rhode W

Ribo M

Rico J

Righi C

Rugliancich A

Saha L

Sahakyan N

Saito T

Sakurai S

Satalecka K

Schleicher B

Schmidt K

Schweizer T

Sitarek J

Snidaric I

Sobczynska D

Spolon A

Stamerra A

Strom D

Strzys M

Suda Y

Suric T

Takahashi M

Tavecchio F

Temnikov P

Terzic T

Teshima M

Torres-Alba N

Tosti L

Truzzi S

van Scherpenberg J

Vanzo G

Acosta MV

Ventura S

Verguilov V

Vigorito CF

Vitale V

Vovk I

Will M

Zaric D

Arbet-Engels A

Baack D

Balbo M

Beck M

Biederbeck N

Biland A

Bretz T

Bruegge K

Buss J

Dorner D

Elsaesser D

Hildebrand D

Iotov R

Klinger M

Mannheim K

Neise D

Neronov A

Noethe M

Paravac A

Rhode W

Sliusar V

Theissen F

Walter R

Valverde J

Horan D

Giroletti M

Perri M

Verrecchia F

Leto C

Sadun AC

Moody JW

Joner M

Marscher AP

Jorstad SG

Lahteenmaki A

Tornikoski M

Ramakrishnan V

Jarvela E

Vera RJC

Righini S

Lien AY

Katso/Avaa

Publisher's PDF (7.774Mb)

Lataukset:

OXFORD UNIV PRESS

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3727

Näytä kaikki kuvailutiedot

Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021093048441

Tiivistelmä

We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z = 0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Metsahovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014 November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F->1 TeV < 1.7 x 10(-12) ph cm(-2) s(-1)) and in the 2-10 keV (X-ray) band (F2-10 keV < 3.6 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1)), during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E > 0.1 TeV) gamma-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our data set with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43(-6)(+9) d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.

Kokoelmat

Rinnakkaistallenteet [27094]