Evaluation of different surface topography measurement methodologies for characterizing weld beads in shipbuilding

Abstract

The weld bead is crucial in identifying defects during laser welding, aiding in the evaluation of weld strength and quality. However, accurately monitoring and identifying defects with cameras can be challenging in the preassembly phase. This paper compares surface topography of laser weld beads using in-process Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and post-process Focus Variation Microscopy (FVM). Both techniques were employed on welded A36 structural steel plates to detect the surface defects. The weld profile was evaluated according to EN ISO 13919-1, and the quality level B was given to the surface topography measurement from both techniques. The correspondence between these two methodologies is imperative for implementing profile data in advanced monitoring systems. Thus, by reducing the delay between defect formation and inspection, this paper supports a more intelligent welding process, particularly in the shipbuilding industry.