The Association of Periodontitis With Risk of Prevalent and Incident Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

<h3>Aim</h3><p>To investigate whether periodontitis is associated with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS).</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>The baseline study included 4183 individuals from a population-based survey (DILGOM) in 2007 and follow-up of 1047 participants with clinical re-examination in 2014. The risk of periodontitis was assessed with saliva biomarkers using a validated, three-group cumulative risk score for periodontitis (CRS I, II and III).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In fully adjusted models, CRS III was associated with prevalent MetS (OR: 1.35, 95% CI [1.11–1.65]), high waist circumference (1.55 95% CI [1.26–1.91]), high blood pressure (1.29 95% CI [1.05–1.59]) and the number of MetS components (β: 0.18, 95% CI [0.06–0.30]). Among participants without MetS at baseline (<em>n</em> = 618), 128 (20.7%) developed MetS during follow-up. In the fully adjusted model, CRS III trended positively with incident MetS (RR: 1.55, 95% CI [ 0.96–2.51]) in the whole population and had a significant positive association in women (2.06, 95% CI [1.08–3.94]), and in non-smokers (1.78, 95% CI [1.01–3.14]). The risk between CRS and incident MetS was mediated via systemic inflammation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of having metabolic syndrome and, in particular, clearly with the number of MetS components: abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia and hypertension. Systemic inflammation may elucidate the observed higher risk of incident MetS.</p>