A Systematic Literature Review on Spoofing and Jamming Approaches in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Navigation

Abstract

In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the development and utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) across various industries. Factors such as remote control, payload capacity, versatility, precision, and confidentiality have fuelled interest in UAVs for multiple applications. However, UAVs' navigation and communication systems are increasingly vulnerable to various security threats, with the most concerning being the risks associated with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, such as spoofing and jamming. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of UAV navigation security, drawing on recent peer-reviewed journals to identify and address gaps in current research. Machine learning and blockchain show promise but face scalability challenges. This review identifies underexplored gaps in environmental resilience. It examines the root causes of GNSS-related challenges, potential solutions, and promising research directions in the field of UAV navigation security.