Measurement invariance of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and associations with genetic risk in older adults
Saari, Toni T.; Piirtola, Maarit; Aaltonen, Aino; Palviainen, Teemu; Varjonen, Anni; Julkunen, Valtteri; Rinne, Juha O.; Kaprio, Jaakko; Vuoksimaa, Eero
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2025082788789
Tiivistelmä
Background
As populations are aging, it needs to be ensured that valid depression rating scales are available across old adulthood. Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) is a common depression rating scale, however, few studies have assessed its validity in individuals with age over 90 and/or cognitive impairment. We examined the factor structures of 20-, 15-, and 8-item CES-D scales, their measurement invariance for age and cognition, and associations with genetic risk of depression.
Methods
Participants were from a population-based older Finnish Twin Cohort study including 71–79-year-olds from the MEMTWIN II (n = 1034 for exploratory and n = 664 for confirmatory factor analyses) and 90+ year-olds from the NONAGINTA (n = 134, confirmatory factor analyses) sub-studies. Associations of polygenic risk score of major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS) with CES-D scales were examined in MEMTWIN II.
Results
Exploratory factor analyses (n = 1034) suggested four- (CES-D 20) and three-factor (CES-D 8) structures and these models fit well in confirmatory analyses (n = 664). Unidimensional models had good (CES-D 15 & 20) or fair fit (CES-D 8). Results supported scalar invariance of all CES-D versions for age and cognitive status. Higher MDD-PRS was associated with more depressive symptoms in different CES-D versions.
Conclusions
Different CES-D versions are adequate for measuring depressive symptoms across age groups and cognitive spectrum in old age. Genetic risk of depression predicts depressive symptoms even in old age.
Kokoelmat
- Rinnakkaistallenteet [29335]