Associations between perceived social support and brain activity during a task-fMRI paradigm in adolescents
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Perceived social support (PSS) has important implications for adolescents’ mental well-being, though the neural correlates of PSS are not well understood. This study investigates how PSS relates to brain activation during a naturalistic task-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in adolescents. Data from 258 participants (ages 10–16 years) from the Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain (QTAB) study was utilised. Participants completed functional brain imaging (task-fMRI) during which they watched the short movie Partly Cloudy, an animated film depicting social interactions, emotional experiences, physical pain as well as mental states. The different scenes were classified into four different conditions (mental, pain, social, control) allowing to examine how the brain responds to these experiences. PSS was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The neuroimaging data were preprocessed using fMRIPrep, and statistical analysis was performed using the neuroimaging software library FSL. A mixed-effects general linear model was set up, controlling for age, sex and socioeconomic status (measured using an area-based socioeconomic index) at a group level. Brain activation during mental, pain and social scenes compared to control scenes was examined in relation to MSPSS scores. Results showed a significant negative association between MSPSS and activation in the right putamen, extending into the anterior insula, as well as the hippocampus during the mental condition (scenes depicting emotional states and requiring the viewer to infer mental states), such that adolescents with lower PSS showed greater activation in these regions. These findings suggest that lower PSS is associated with increased neural effort across multiple regions which are involved in emotional processing and understanding others' experiences.