Associations between Long Working Hours, Job Strain and Self-Rated Health Outcomes among Immigrants in Nordic Countries
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Objective: Associations between long working hours, job strain and self-rated health have been extensively studied but little is known about these associations among immigrant populations in Nordic countries. Therefore, this study examined associations between long working hours and job strain on self-rated health while considering differences of immigrants and natives in Nordic countries. Method: Present study examined cross-sectional data from the European Social Survey (ESS Round 7, 2014), which focused on 4,096 individuals aged 25–64 in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway including 429 immigrants and 3,667 native-born respondents. Working hours were categorized and job strain was used to evaluate how daily work is organized. Self-rated health was treated as a binary outcome. Logistic regression models with interaction terms were used adjusting sociodemographic and employment variables. Results: There was no significant correlation found between long working hours, job strain and self-rated health among immigrants in Nordic countries. In the adjusted model, higher job control was positively correlated with self-rated health among natives, although this relationship varied depending on the specification. The relationship between working conditions and self-rated health did not show significant difference between immigrants and natives. Conclusions: The results demonstrate slight variations between immigrants and natives and negative impacts of working conditions on health. This implies that Nordic welfare policies may be able to reduce health disparities related to the workplace while structural labor market disparities are still important.