Perceptions, educational expectations and knowledge gaps of patients with non-metastatic breast cancer regarding radiotherapy: Integrative review

Abstract

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This integrative review investigates perceptions, educational expectations, and knowledge gaps of patients with breast cancer (BC) regarding radiotherapy (RT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The included studies were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Each segment of data was coded with open coding. The codes were gathered into subthemes as they emerged and into overarching themes, after which the data was analysed again.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>22 studies were included: 11 qualitative, 10 cross-sectional, and 1 case study. Our findings indicate that breast cancer patients perceptions of radiation therapy (RT) are influenced by their understanding of RT, its side effects, the treatment burden, emotional state or feelings, effectiveness if RT, prognosis, and viewing RT as the end-of-care phase. They expect education on the treatment pathway, psychosocial support, personalised aspects of RT, planning, delivery, follow-up, and side effects. Additionally, women undergoing RT have knowledge gaps related to preparedness and support, unforeseen risks and side effects, as well as daily practical issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tailored, culturally sensitive education is essential to bridge gaps in understanding, manage anxiety, and build trust. It requires individualized communication strategies and psychosocial support. By integrating personalized information and leveraging technological solutions, healthcare providers can empower patients, improve adherence, and enhance outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>