Maternal Effects of Exercise Training on the Critical Thermal tolerance, Critical Swimming speed, and response to a Heatwave simulation in the juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)
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Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.
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Heatwaves cause a notable threat to the ectothermic animals whose body temperature
depends entirely on the ambient temperature. Prolonged high temperatures negatively affect
fish physiology, as they may cause internal oxygen deficiency and therefore complications in
the swimming performance. A particular concern should be directed towards farmed fish, as
they suffer from a compromised physiological performance in comparison to their wild
conspecifics. Therefore, their ability to tolerate heatwaves is also compromised. Moreover, the
stocked offspring of farmed fish are reported to have extremely low changes to survive till
maturity. The aim of this study was to explore whether the offspring of swim trained hatchery
brown trout (Salmo trutta) have inherited beneficial traits that could improve their thermal
tolerance and swimming capacity to adjust to heatwaves. For this purpose, we exposed frystaged and parr-staged juvenile offspring of trained and non-trained dams to a 3-week
heatwave simulation and measured their critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) and critical
swimming speed (UCRIT). The results showed that the training background do not significantly
alter the CTMAX and UCRIT performance. However, the heatwave exposure revealed a trend
where the trout with a training background were more phenotypically plastic regarding CTMAX
and UCRIT. These findings suggest that training the dams before the reproduction period does
not have negative consequences to the offspring. However, training background has an
inducing effect on the phenotypic plasticity of juvenile-staged trout, yet more studies are
required. All in all, this study gives unique knowledge about the maternal effects of swimming
training and provides a path for the future projects.