The First X-Ray Polarization Observation of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary 4U 1630-47 in the Steep Power-law State

Abstract

<p> The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observed the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630–47 in the steep power-law (or very high) state. The observations reveal a linear polarization degree of the 2–8 keV X-rays of 6.8% ± 0.2% at a position angle of 21<img src="https://cdn.images.iop.org/Entities/fdg.gif" alt="fdg">3 ± 0<img src="https://cdn.images.iop.org/Entities/fdg.gif" alt="fdg">9 east of north (all errors at 1<em>σ</em> confidence level). Whereas the polarization degree increases with energy, the polarization angle stays constant within the accuracy of our measurements. We compare the polarization of the source in the steep power-law state with the previous IXPE measurement of the source in the high soft state. We find that, even though the source flux and spectral shape are significantly different between the high soft state and the steep power-law state, their polarization signatures are similar. Assuming that the polarization of both the thermal and power-law emission components are constant over time, we estimate the power-law component polarization to be 6.8%–7.0% and note that the polarization angle of the thermal and power-law components must be approximately aligned. We discuss the implications for the origin of the power-law component and the properties of the emitting plasma. <br></p>