Transcripts of the Prostate Cancer-Associated Gene ANO7 Are Retained in the Nuclei of Prostatic Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Prostate cancer affects millions of men globally. The prostate cancer-associated gene ANO7 is downregulated in advanced prostate cancer, whereas benign tissue and low-grade cancer display varying expression levels. In this study, we assess the spatial correlation between ANO7 mRNA and protein using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of mRNA and protein in parallel sections of tissue microarrays prepared from radical prostatectomy samples. We show that ANO7 mRNA and protein expression correlate in prostate tissue. Furthermore, we show that ANO7 mRNA is enriched in the nuclei of the luminal cells at 89% in benign ducts and low-grade cancer, and at 78% in high-grade cancer. The nuclear enrichment of ANO7 mRNA was validated in prostate cancer cell lines 22Rv1 and MDA PCa 2b using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) on RNA isolated from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the cells. The nuclear enrichment of ANO7 mRNA was compared to the nuclearly-enriched lncRNA MALAT1, confirming the surprisingly high nuclear retention of ANO7 mRNA. ANO7 has been suggested to be used as a diagnostic marker and a target for immunotherapy, but a full comprehension of its role in prostate cancer progression is currently lacking. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of ANO7 expression in prostatic tissue.