Generative artificial intelligence in nursing education

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Nursing education is undergoing a profound transformation as emerging technologies, generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), begin to reshape the teaching and learning practices. GenAI serves as a powerful tool that enhances educational experiences and supports personal learning. At the same time, its adoption also introduces a range of challenges. The application of GenAI in nursing education requires a careful approach to ensure its effective and responsible use. Aim: This systematic review aims to describe the ethical issues arising from the application of generative artificial intelligence in nursing education and to identify the key perspectives for addressing these issues. Methods: A mixed methods systematic review with a convergent approach was conducted. Data were collected in April 2025 from six databases mainly used in nursing science: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Eric. The methodological quality of included studies was critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Inductive content analysis was employed for data analysis and synthesis. Results: A total of 15 studies were included in this review. Two main categories were identified: the first focused on ethical issues arising from the application of GenAI, including concerns related to academic integrity, constraints on learning outcomes, socioeconomic and generational inequities, and gaps in GenAI literacy education; the second main category highlighted key perspectives that should be considered, including the enhancement of GenAI literacy education, clear and consistent guidelines, and support from nurse educators. Conclusion and future research proposals: A careful approach is necessary while applying GenAI in nursing education. Nurse educators are expected to guide students through the associated complexities and help them cultivate the necessary skills needed for future work. Further research is needed to explore how GenAI can be integrated into nursing education effectively to improve learning outcomes while remaining ethically sustainable.