Thermophysical Properties and Phase Behavior of Supercritical Fluids
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Supercritical fluids have attracted increasing scientific interest because of their unique combination of liquid-like and gas-like properties depending on temperature and pressure. When a substance exceeds its critical temperature and pressure, it enters to a supercritical state in which the clear interface between liquid and gas phases disappears. This state is classified as a single phase and has complex and highly variable behavior.
This work presents an overview of the phase behavior and thermophysical properties of supercritical fluids. Focus is placed on the behavior near the critical point and pseudo-critical region, where properties such as density and specific heat capacity change strongly and nonlinear. The Widom line and pseudo-boiling are discussed as key tools for describing continuous transitions from liquid-like to gas-like or vice versa in the supercritical region.
Understanding phase behavior and thermophysical properties of supercritical fluids is essential for theoretical analysis and engineering applications. Because of the complexity of the supercritical state, it remains an active area of research in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.