Effect of bioactive glass air-abrasion on the wettability and osteoblast proliferation on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydrophilicity, surface free energy, and proliferation and viability of human osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces after air-abrasion with 45S5 bioactive glass, zinc-containing bioactive glass, or inert glass. Sandblasted and acid-etched titanium discs were subjected to air-abrasion with 45S5 bioactive glass, experimental bioactive glass (Zn4), or inert glass. Water contact angles and surface free energy were evaluated. The surfaces were studied with preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Air-abrasion with either type of glass significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity and surface free energy of the sandblasted and acid-etched titanium discs. The MC3T3-E1 cell number was higher for substrates air-abraded with Zn4 bioactive glass and similar to that observed on borosilicate coverslips (controls). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that MC3T3-E1 cells did not spread as extensively on the sandblasted and acid-etched and bioactive glass-abraded surfaces as they did on control surfaces. However, for 45S5- and Zn4-treated samples, the cells spread most at the 24 h time point and changed their morphology to more spindle-like when cultured further. Air-abrasion with bioactive glass and inert glass was shown to have a significant effect on the wettability and surface free energy of the surfaces under investigation. Osteoblast cell proliferation on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium discs was enhanced by air-abrasion with 45S5 bioactive glass and experimental Zn4 bioactive glass compared with air-abrasion with inert glass or no air-abrasion.