Brachial-cuff excess pressure is associated with carotid intima-media thickness among Australian children: a cross-sectional population study

Abstract

<p> Reservoir pressure parameters (i.e., reservoir pressure [RP] and excess pressure [XSP]) independently predict cardiovascular events in adults, but this has not been investigated in children. This study aimed to determine (1) the association of reservoir pressure parameters with carotid intima-media thickness (carotid IMT), a preclinical vascular phenotype, and (2) whether a multivariable regression model with or without reservoir pressure parameters fits better for estimating carotid IMT in children. Study participants were 11–12-year-old children (<em>n</em> = 1231, 50% male) from the Child Health CheckPoint study, a cross-sectional substudy of the population-based Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. RP and XSP were obtained using brachial-cuff oscillometry (SphygmoCor XCEL, AtCor, Sydney). Carotid IMT was quantified by vascular ultrasonography. XSP was associated with carotid IMT after adjusting for confounders including age, sex, BMI <em>z</em>-score, heart rate, pubertal stage, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean arterial pressure (<em>β</em> = 0.93 µm, 95% CI 0.30–1.56 for XSP peak and <em>β</em> = 0.04 µm, 95% CI 0.01–0.08 for XSP integral). The results of the likelihood ratio test indicated a trend that the model with XSP and the above confounders fit better than a similar model without XSP for estimating carotid IMT. Our findings indicate that brachial-cuff device-measured XSP is associated with carotid IMT independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including standard BP. This implies that a clinically convenient cuff approach could provide meaningful information for the early assessment of cardiovascular risk among children. <br></p>