Top Management Support for Software Cost Estimation: A Case Study of the Current Practice and Impacts

Abstract

<p> <em>Context:</em> Despite decades of research in software cost estimation (SCE), the task remains difficult and software project overruns are common. Many researchers and practitioners agree that organisational issues and methodologies are equally important for successful SCE. Regardless of this recent development, SCE research is revolving heavily around methodologies. At the same time project management research has undergone a major shift towards managerial issues, and it found that top management support can be the most important success factor for projects.</p><p> <em>Goal:</em> This study sheds light on top management’s role in SCE by identifying real-life practices for top management participation in SCE, as well as related organisational effects. Also, the impact of top management actions on project success is examined.</p><p> <em>Method:</em> The study takes a qualitative and explorative case study based approach. In total, 18 semi-structured interviews facilitated examination of three projects in three organisations.</p><p> <em>Results:</em> The results show that top management takes no, or very little, direct actions to participate in SCE. However, projects can conclude successfully regardless of the low extent of participation.</p><p> <em>Conclusions:</em> Top management actions may also induce bias in estimation, influencing project success negatively. This implies that senior managers must recognise the importance of seeking realism and avoid influencing the estimation.</p>